نشریه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 50 (تابستان 1403)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social adaptation based on defense mechanisms and problem-oriented strategies in parents with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity in elementary school female students in Zanjan city.

The research method was correlation. The statistical population was all primary school girls in two cities of Zanjan, 200 of whom were selected using the available method. To collect data, Dakhanchi's adjustment questionnaire (1998), Andrews et al.'s (1993) defense mechanism questionnaire, Lazarus and Folkman's (1985) coping with stressful situations questionnaire, and Floyd et al.'s (2005) anxiety sensitivity questionnaire were used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used using SPSS version 25 and AMOS23 software.

The results showed that parents' defense mechanisms have no significant effect on social adjustment, but problem-oriented strategies in anxiety-sensitive parents can predict children's social adjustment. Problem-oriented strategies in parents and parents' defense mechanism can also predict anxiety sensitivity (p<0.05). The results of indirect effects showed that anxiety sensitivity has a mediating role between problem-oriented strategies in parents and social adjustment (p<0.05). Also, anxiety sensitivity plays a mediating role between defense mechanisms and social adaptation. Parents' children have a mediating role (p<0.05).

Considering that the results showed that defense mechanisms and problem-oriented strategies in parents and anxiety sensitivity have a significant role in children's social adaptation, it is suggested that psychologists and school counselors and counseling centers in education take measures Plan therapy and education to increase social adaptation with emphasis on the mentioned variables.

Societal realities indicate a decrease in the desire for marriage among students. This decline may be attributed to changes in thinking styles and decision-making processes, which significantly influence youth and communities, particularly in areas such as marriage and youth relationships. This study aims to investigate thinking styles and decision-making in the desire for marriage among students.

The present study is descriptive correlational research. The research population consisted of master's degree students at Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods Branch, in the academic year 2022-23. A sample of 229 individuals was selected non-randomly, using G*power software, based on availability and purposive sampling. 

Statistical results indicate that among the components of thinking styles, the conservative thinking style (β = 0.044, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) and the elitist thinking style (β = 0.009, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) can predict the desire for marriage. Additionally, among the components of decision-making style, the dependency component (β = 0.001, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) can predict the desire for marriage.

According to the results, young people are more cautious about marriage and the responsibilities of marriage and prefer to proceed according to conservative thinking with current customs and norms; Also, based on the oligarchy's thinking style, they have a challenge in prioritizing the important tasks of life, and apparently this is the reason that they are more interested in stabilizing their job conditions than marriage and partner selection.

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on mood swings and emotional expression of couples with marital Conflict. 

The present study was a semi-experimental type of pre-test post-test with the control group. The statistical community of this study was made up of all couples with marital Conflict visiting counseling and Family Therapy Clinics in faramehr, the path of tranquility and yasham in Tabriz. The sample of the study consisted of 30 couples with marital Conflict who were selected from among the statistical community by targeted sampling, taking into account the acceptance of people to participate in the study and having entry criteria. The king and Ammons emotional expression questionnaires (1990) and the positive and negative emotion of Watson et al. (1988) were used to collect data. The data was analyzed by the multivariate variance analysis test (MANCOVA) in version 24 of the SPSS statistical software.

The Results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test scores of mood swings and emotional expressiveness. The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment has caused a decrease in the average negative emotion component and an increase in the positive emotion component of the intervention group and an increase in the average scores of the subjects in emotional expressiveness (P>0.01).

Treatment based on acceptance and commitment has a significant effect on mood swings and emotional expression; Therefore, it is possible to reduce the mood swings and increase the expressiveness of emotions through treatment based on acceptance and commitment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the academic vitality and academic well-being of students with special learning disabilities. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all the elementary school students introduced to learning disabilities centers in regions 2, 4 and 5, in the age range of 8 to 12 years in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022, from which 30 people were selected using the available sampling method. They were tested randomly in two groups of 15 people and assigned as controls. Captain Log's cognitive rehabilitation training program was implemented individually for the experimental group for 16 sessions of 60 minutes, twice a week. To collect data, Martin and Marsh (2008) and Pitrinen, Sweeney and Fialto (2014) academic well-being questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings of the research showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of academic vitality and academic well-being in the two experimental and control groups at the P<0.001 level. From the above findings, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation is effective on the academic vitality and academic well-being of students with special learning disabilities.

The purpose of this research was to predict the attitude towards extramarital relationships based on feelings of loneliness and interpersonal forgiveness through the use of virtual social networks in married students of Ahvaz Azad University.

The research method was path analysis correlation. The statistical population included all married students of Ahvaz Azad University in the academic year of 2023. For this purpose, 240 people were selected by random sampling method. In order to collect data, the attitude questionnaires of Vitely (2006), feelings of loneliness by Russell, Pilova and Cortona (1980), interpersonal forgiveness by Ehtshamzadeh et al. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis (p<0.05).

The results showed that the coefficient of the path between loneliness and attitude towards extramarital relationships is β = 0.319, which is statistically significant at the p<0.01 level. The coefficient of the path between the feeling of loneliness and the use of virtual social networks is β=0.170, which is statistically significant at the level of p<0.05. The coefficient of the path between interpersonal forgiveness and attitude towards extramarital relations is β=0.074, which was not statistically significant at the level of p<0.05 and this path was removed. The path coefficient between interpersonal forgiveness and the amount of use of virtual social networks is β=0.364, which is statistically significant at the p<0.01 level. The coefficient of the path between the amount of use of virtual social networks and the attitude towards extramarital relationships is at the level of β = 0.430, which is statistically significant at the level of p < 0.01.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the feeling of loneliness and forgiveness and the amount of use of virtual social networks are among the variables related to the attitude towards marital relations, which require attention and investigation by the authorities, psychologists and family counselors.