نشریه دانش انتظامی خراسان جنوبی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 49، تابستان 1403)

With the increasing expansion of urbanization and the increase in the population of urban dwellers and the resulting problems, providing facilities for the well-being of citizens seems more and more necessary. Today, the importance and role of urban furniture in providing services and urban beautification is not hidden from anyone, and urban furniture is considered one of the essential and inseparable components of cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of urban furniture on the population distribution of Birjand city, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method with a survey approach. Data collection has been done using both library and field methods (questionnaire). According to the results of this research, urban furniture should not only meet the material needs of users, but should pay special attention to the beauty of urban spaces. This beauty is due to the harmony and type of design elements. Problems caused by dispersion and lack of standardization have damaged the face of the city, so furniture design should be such that it includes all sections of the society. To get the desired furniture, it is necessary to use local materials and artistic design. It is also important to pay attention to details such as material and color.

The rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades has caused inequality in living conditions and access to physical and social infrastructure among urban areas and groups. One of the most important and necessary issues of urban planning is the fair distribution of facilities, services and the level of accessibility of citizens at the level of urban neighborhoods. Spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services is considered an important factor for improving the quality of life of citizens and sustainable development of the urban environment. Spatial justice is in the center of attention as a basic issue in the process of urban planning and management, and it is necessary to deal with the concept and drawing of the landscape and formulating policies related to it. Spatial justice in the spatial distribution of schools is one of the important issues for planners. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the geographical distinctions of school establishment from the perspective of spatial justice in Birjand city and its research method is descriptive-analytical. To answer the research questions, the interview method (reference to education) has been used. The results of the research show that, in general, spatial justice in the establishment of schools in different neighborhoods of Birjand is not observed in the same way, and in some areas the density and facilities are more and in some areas less.

Delinquency is common among teenagers and several factors can increase it in the society, which can be considered the role of perfectionism in the field of effective prediction; Therefore, the present study was conducted to predict lawlessness based on false perfectionism in teenagers of Ferdous city. The present research method is a correlational description. The statistical population is all the teenagers of Ferdous city (1450 people), in order to collect data, based on Morgan's table, 330 people were selected in this research by random sampling and the positive and negative perfectionism questionnaire of Short et al. 1995) and completed Faraji and Mir Ferdi's scale of lawlessness (2015). The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical software using correlation analysis and regression analysis. The findings showed that the mean and standard deviation of lawlessness and false perfectionism are (23.31 ± 6.296 and 52.08 ± 6.205) respectively. Also, the results of the data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the false perfectionism variable and lawlessness, and this shows that by increasing the false perfectionism variable, the lawlessness variable can be directly (positively) predicted; Therefore, people with false perfectionism, in order to choose the goals they have, experience more characteristics of rule avoidance.

Iran is a multi-ethnic country, and ethnic groups have created great problems for the advancement of the country's integration at different historical times. The purpose of the research was to investigate the police-security consequences of ethnic diversity in the southeast borders.

Qualitative research method and statistical population included university professors and commanders and police officials in Zahedan city, and the researcher reached theoretical saturation by interviewing 15 people with the purposeful sampling method. In the analysis of the interviews, content analysis with an inductive approach and "MaxQuda" version 20/20 software were used.

Security consequences were identified in the form of 3 core codes including economic, political and social and 16 open codes. including economic consequences; Lack of participation in investment, inability to manage and develop development planning, reduction of economic activities, etc.; political consequences; The expansion of the activities of evil groups, the reduction of people's participation in border security, the increase of ethnic unity with foreign countries, etc. and social consequences; There has been the growth of Salafism, illegal immigration, psychological stress of people, etc. Police consequences were identified in the form of 3 central codes including ethnic, humanitarian and border and 13 open codes. including ethnic consequences; Increase in socio-political violence, increase in demands, more favoritism of Sunnis and increase in inter-ethnic conflicts, etc.; consequences of humanitarian aid; Lack of trust in the officials, attacks on government centers, lack of interaction between the clans and the police and security forces, etc.; border consequences; Cooperation with evil gangs, testimony of police and security forces, psychological operations of opponents of the central government, etc. 

Based on the findings, it is concluded that the central government should lead ethnicities towards national participation by adopting special policies.

The deviation factors of teenagers and young people cause illicit relationships between boys and girls. Boys and girls can communicate with each other within the legal limits. Communication outside the legal rules of Islam is a sin and illegitimate. Based on this, the goal of the researcher is to investigate the factors affecting the tendency of young people to have an illicit relationship in South Khorasan province. According to the objectives, the research method is applied and according to the method of data collection, it is descriptive and survey. In order to collect information in a library format, as well as a researcher-made questionnaire on the factors affecting the illicit relationship was used. The studied population was all young people between 18 and 30 years old in South Khorasan province. The studied sample was estimated to be 420 people based on Cochran's formula, who were selected by random sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency) and inferential statistics from linear regression test were used for analysis. The results showed that family, social, marriage, personal, communication factors cause illicit relationship among young people; But between environmental factors, age and education of young people, it was not significant with the illegitimate relationship of young people. Also, there is a tendency towards illicit relationship among young boys more than girls and among single young people more than married ones. Measures should be taken by educators, cultural, military and government officials so that youths and teenagers grow harmoniously and proportionately in various physical, sexual, intellectual, social, emotional and economic dimensions.

The smuggling of illegal immigrants and their transfer across the border between countries is a global problem, and when it happens that the possibility of regular migration is limited and border controls are strict, it forces immigrants to use illegal methods. Tighter border controls have created a market for illegal immigrant transportation services and have transformed the nature of the problem of illegal border crossing into human trafficking.Considering the possibility of exploiting these people, human trafficking has two general concepts, Smuggling and Trafficking, and the concept of Smuggling refers to making money by transporting illegal immigrants across borders for work or a better life. In the case of trafficking, the illegal transfer of people between borders is done in order to exploit and exploit them, and most of the victims are women and children.However, both types of human trafficking are considered an organized crime and are a source of income for criminal groups. According to the report of the United Nations Office of Crime and Narcotics: Migrant smuggling includes all actions that are considered to be aimed at gaining profit through the illegal transfer of people to a country where the person is not a citizen or a permanent resident of that country.Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing crimes. The United Nations estimates that 4 million people are victims of human trafficking every year. Criminologists predict that in the next 10 years, human trafficking will surpass drug trafficking and arms trafficking. Since the actual number of illegal immigrants is unknown, it seems that the increase in the number of detained illegal immigrants indicates that the risks of some methods of moving smuggled immigrants are increasing. Unfortunately, migrant smuggling can endanger the life and safety of migrants.The increasing process of immigration has caused many countries to increase and strengthen border controls. Following the increase in border surveillance measures and border blockages, human traffickers have used risky routes, and as a result, these movements have become more dangerous and have increased the possibility of the death of illegal immigrants. Many stages of human trafficking are dangerous for illegal immigrants and can have unwanted effects on their health. The health and therapeutic consequences of human trafficking have not been systematically studied, but initial observations show that human trafficking has significant and specific effects on both illegal immigrants and the host country. Also, studies on human trafficking have been conducted on very limited events, and this has led to an urgent call to improve research methods for the study of human trafficking.In Iran, despite the dangers that have occurred in the eastern borders, it threatens illegal Afghan immigrants and victims of human trafficking and causes frequent incidents with high human casualties.Not much study has been done regarding the health effects of human and fuel trafficking and how to deal with and manage it in the country. Because of the underground and hidden activity of fuel and human smugglers, it has not been possible to access the comprehensive statistics of accidents and casualties related to it; Therefore, this research intends to describe a case of high casualties caused by human and fuel smuggling in the eastern borders of the country as an example of these incidents; Therefore, in this study, we investigate a case of one of the most dangerous incidents for illegal Afghan immigrants who become victims of profit seeking by human trafficking groups on the borders between Iran and Afghanistan.