نشبریه آمایش فضا و ژئوماتیک
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 123، بهار 1403)

During the course of the contemporary era's advancements and the escalating significance of knowledge-driven sectors in fostering regional expansion and advancement, the nexus between academia and industry has garnered heightened scrutiny, aiming to bolster education and creativity within industrial realms. The framework of regional innovation system represents a nascent paradigm fostering interconnectedness among the constituents and stakeholders of a given area, thereby facilitating interactive knowledge exchange. This study aims to pinpoint the factors influencing the Regional Innovation System within the educational scope of furniture enterprises situated in the eastern precincts of Tehran Province (specifically Pardis and Damavand Counties) and elucidate its positioning within this framework.The employed research methodology is the Grounded Theory Method within a constructivist framework (Charmez), involving an unstructured interview conducted with 39 female professionals within the industry, along with 12 employers and regulatory officials, across threedistinct stages. The point of theoretical saturation was reached during the 51st interview. Utilizing the MaxQDA software, the interviews were systematically coded in four stages, aligning with the constructivist paradigm. The analysis highlights the significance of learning and knowledge within the industry as the central phenomenon. The outcomes underscore the necessity of establishing a robust connection between the industry and academia to foster business growth and regional development. This alignment can be facilitated through the adoption of the innovative Regional Innovation System approach.

In the annals of Iran's past, the control of land ownership as a means of authority has perpetually resided within the realm of governmental oversight, leading to encroachments upon private possessions. This quandary emanates from a flawed theoretical framework, instigating a state of perplexity across all strata of Iranian society, encompassing urban centers. The present manuscript delves into the precarious nature of property rights concerning urban landscapes in Iran subsequent to the Islamic Revolution, elucidating the transformative impact of this instability on the architectural configuration of Iranian municipalities. The investigative framework is characterized as descriptive-analytical. Data were gathered from various sources such as programs, legislation, interviews, studies, and relevant records spanning from the year 1979 to 2013. The outcomes of the study illustrate that subsequent to the success of the Iranian revolution and the government's ideological stance, there has been a significant transformation in the land ownership pattern along with the enactment of laws that, while restricting private ownership, establish a new form of ownership under government control. The government possesses extensive land holdings, leading to a shift in urban land ownership from a conventional structure to an ideological one. Within the ideological narrative of post-revolution administrations, ownership is sometimes viewed as a solution, while in other instances, it is deemed a problem; the government perceives ownership as a factor contributing to the exclusion of the underprivileged, while others argue in favor of its necessity to support vulnerable segments of society. Consequently, a coherent system of ownership fails to materialize, resulting in detrimental impacts on the urban landscape of Iranian cities, particularly Tehran.

Currently, the strategies implemented for rural guidance have failed to adequately address the fundamental requirements of rural communities, primarily due to the reliance on top-down, centralized methodologies; consequently, participatory approaches have emerged as a critical countermeasure to these hierarchical planning paradigms. Consequently, the primary objective of this research is to assess the engagement of individuals in the formulation of guide plans utilizing a participatory approach and to juxtapose this with prior experiences related to guide plan development, with the ultimate aim of utilizing the findings from this comparative analysis to establish a foundational framework for the development of a novel service description within the scope of preparing rural guide plans through the involvement of local populations. The methodological framework employed in this research is characterized as mixed-methods.  The requisite data were procured through the compilation of documents and field surveys conducted via the establishment of collaborative workshops. The statistical population encompasses 20 villages situated within the Eilagh Southern District subset of Bolban Abad Division, located in Dehgolan city, of which 9 villages possessing guide plans were systematically selected as samples organized into 5 groups. To scrutinize the hypotheses, the SPSS software was employed, utilizing ANOVA, Tukey, and T tests for the analysis of two dependent groups, alongside ArcGIS software. The findings indicated that, as per the respondents, the physical-technical index is regarded as paramount. Furthermore, the current assessment of indicators related to public participation in the formulation of rural guide plans, when compared to its significance, is perceived to be below the average threshold and has been appraised as existing in an unstable condition.

The purpose of the current research is to recognize the obstacles encountered in the advancement of urban tourism within the regions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The ongoing investigation is grounded on a qualitative approach alongside content scrutiny. The demographic under scrutiny comprises professionals hailing from the academic and organizational sectors. A series of semi-structured, open-ended interviews were carried out with a total of 12 individuals. The gathered interviews underwent a thorough review and assessment in order to delineate open codes, revise and remove codes that were alike, and designate categories pertaining to tourism challenges. Based on the findings derived from the qualitative analysis of 12 interviews, a total of 135 primary codes were identified. Through the process of merging and consolidating similar codes, over 117 primary concepts were extracted. Consequently, these codes gave rise to 29 dimensions. The difficulties associated with the advancement of urban tourism encompass a range of challenges, including inadequate transportation and communication networks, reliance on non-specialized personnel, scarcity of human resources, ineffective advertising strategies, deficient tourism infrastructure, insufficient investment, absence of a strategic plan, inadequate needs assessment protocols, lack of engagement from diverse sectors, failure to leverage successful practices, inadequate allocation of essential funds, inappropriate approach towards the region, inadequate security measures, seasonality of tourism, lack of information resources, inadequate training opportunities, cultural deficits, limited hospitality ethos, oversight of tourist attractions, subpar management practices, dearth of innovative approaches, unsatisfactory services, limited knowledge and understanding of tourism principles, underutilization of emerging technologies, marginalized role of tour guides, deficient comprehensive tourism strategies, disregard for environmental concerns, absence of a distinct tourism identity, and scarcity of tourism-related events.

Today, the issue of land subsidence has emerged as a significant and critical factor jeopardizing both surface and subsurface structures within the nation, particularly in the northwest region. This situation necessitates the preservation of such infrastructures. Considering the vast expanse of the electricity distribution network in East Azerbaijan Province—encompassing an area of 45,000 square kilometers, a network length of 26,000 kilometers, and serving 930 thousand subscribers—the apprehensions regarding the existence of potential risks are justified. This extensive network is deemed one of the most sensitive and essential assets within the province in relation to the occurrence of land subsidence. Given this high level of sensitivity, it becomes imperative to identify regions susceptible to subsidence and to assess the vulnerability of the electricity distribution networks while implementing necessary measures to enhance resilience against this phenomenon. The objective of this research is to delineate the vulnerable regions. Conversely, land subsidence poses threats to power grid installations within East Azerbaijan Province. In this study, ArcGIS 10.7 and Super Decision software were employed to generate the information layers; furthermore, to ensure appropriate homogeneity among the various layers, the input data was standardized, and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) was utilized. The findings of the research indicate the existence of areas characterized by a high risk of subsidence, covering an expanse of 1,981 square kilometers, alongside regions with an exceedingly high risk of subsidence, encompassing 268 square kilometers, extending from the northwest to the southeast of the province (including the cities of Marand, Shabestar, Tabriz, Bostan Abad, Mirage, and the central area). Additionally, in the southwestern municipalities of the province (namely Banab, Malekan, and Ajabshir), there are hazardous zones where the threat of subsidence and potential damage to electrical installations necessitate serious consideration. An examination of the maps and data further reveals that a majority of groundwater extraction wells are situated in high-risk areas with considerable density. Investigations also indicate that agricultural activities predominantly characterize land use in high-risk areas, wherein the most significant drop in groundwater levels has been observed. In this investigation, by superimposing the province's power transmission network map with the final subsidence risk zoning map, it was ascertained that portions of the province's power grid facilities are located within high-risk zones concerning land subsidence.

The estimation and measurement of precipitation in situ presents considerable challenges due to factors such as exorbitant costs, a scarcity of monitoring stations, point sampling limitations, and its lack of generalizability to broader surface areas. Consequently, it is imperative to evaluate the accuracy of satellite-derived precipitation products as viable alternatives to conventional field measurements. Given that precipitation is influenced by the climatic conditions and physiographic characteristics inherent to specific regions, this study aims to not only validate and verify satellite precipitation products but also to examine the impact of temperature and elevation on the efficacy of MERRA, TRMM, and CHIRPS satellite precipitation products over a monthly scale from 2005 to 2019, utilizing data from 222 synoptic stations located throughout Iran. The findings indicated that the root mean square error for the TRMM, MERRA, and CHIRPS satellites was recorded at 23.8 mm, 30.6 mm, and 35 mm respectively, suggesting a superior performance of the TRMM satellite in comparison to the other two products. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the TRMM satellite consistently outperformed the other two satellites across all temperature and elevation classifications. At elevations below 500 m and above 1500 m, as well as at temperatures less than 18 °C, MERRA exhibited superior performance relative to CHIRPS, offering more accurate estimations of actual precipitation. Overall, the results indicate that TRMM satellite products may serve as a reliable substitute for observational data, as this satellite not only demonstrates commendable performance in the assessment of satellite products but also excels across varying elevation and temperature conditions.