پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات
سال سی و نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 119، تابستان 1403)

This study was aimed at identifying the factors influencing the adherence to publication ethics standards in the research system of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) using the Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) method. This is a qualitative study adopting an exploratory approach and an applied one considering the research results. The researchers used the semi-structured interview method to achieve the goal of the study. The study population consisted of the actors of the research system of the MSRT. A total of 22 activists were included in the study based on the theoretical saturation rule. In order to conduct interviews with the actors of the research system, the researchers prepared an "Interview Package" as the research tool. This package contained: 1) an informed consent form, 2) an interview guide form and 3) and conceptual and operational definitions of the research variables. We also used the CLA method to design the interview questions. This method and its layers, i.e. litany, social causes, discourse/worldview and myth/metaphor, were developed as a method of foresight. Finally, the text file of each interview transferred to the MAXQDA version 20 to analyze the data. Then, the three-step approach of "thematic analysis" was used for the open and axial coding of the factors influencing. Based on the results of the research, a total of 1055 open codes were extracted from the interviews, of which 345 codes were assigned to the "litany" layer, 315 codes to the "social causes" layer, 301 codes to the "discourse/worldview" layer, and 94 codes to the "myth/metaphor" layer. In addition, the category "monitoring of the research system" (with 82 codes) from the "litany" layer, the category "clarification of laws and regulations in terms of implementation" (with 35 codes) from the "social causes" layer, the category "directing the existing social discourses through culture building" (with 43 codes) from the "worldview" layer, and the category "correlation between education and research" (with 15 codes) from the "myth/metaphor" layer were the most frequent categories. Therefore, although there are many unknowns in the future path, it is necessary to pave the way towards an ethical research system by adopting timely decisions and strategies and implementing necessary measures, especially by macro-level policy makers. One necessary measure to be taken is giving sufficient independence to universities and higher education centers. In addition, the middle circles of research, such as information centers, scientific communities and associations, and libraries play a key role in expansion of the independence of universities and in the development of endogenous patterns and self-regulating thoughts among researchers.

This research has identified the key environmental factors affecting the system of science, technology, and innovation in Iran’s cyberspace. To achieve the purpose of the research, a mixed-method strategy was used. In the qualitative part, using library study and experts' opinions, the environmental factors that affect the mentioned system were identified and classified by the STEEPLED model, which included seven categories: socio-demographic, technological, economic, environmental, political, policy-legal, and ethical factors. The distribution of factors in different classes shows the complexity of the environment surrounding the system of science, technology, and innovation in cyberspace. In the quantitative part, Cross Impact Analysis with a structural approach was employed. The distribution pattern of environmental factors of the system of science, technology, and innovation in cyberspace showed that this system is facing a very complex environment due to the interactions of factors with each other. Based on the degree of direct impacts, the most key target factors are dedicated to employment, economic growth, connection to the internet, digital technological trends, and people's trust in the government. New economic approaches (including the sharing economy, gig economy, etc.), investment in ICT, and the economic status of the people are also counted as key risk factors. On this basis, it is suggested that target factors should be developed and directed according to the goals and functions of the science, technology, and innovation system in cyberspace, and also, risk factors should be converted to the target factors through their development and promotion.

Over the past years, the issue of transparency has been the focus of policy makers and academic circles as one of the characteristics of good governance and a mechanism for the balance of power between the government and the people. Transparency in the activities and decision-making process of government institutions can prevent financial scandals, poor decision-making, and ineffective governance of these institutions. Organizations involved in the science and technology system that use public budgets are no exception to this issue, and there is a need to pursue and implement the issue of transparency. One of the most important organizations in the science and technology system are research financing organizations, which, considering that they use public budgets and play a fundamental role in the distribution of financial resources, transparency in them is very important and essential. Transparency in these organizations is important because the lack of transparency in these organizations will not only increase financial violations and corruption, but will also affect the country's research and development path in the long run. Considering the importance of this issue, this article seeks to know the different dimensions of transparency in research funding organizations and provide policy recommendations in this field. In this article, a framework for different dimensions of transparency in research funding organizations is developed by reviewing scientific literature and semi-structured interviews with experts. Then, using this framework, we examine the websites of two research financing organizations in the country (High Council of Research, and Iran National Science Foundation) in terms of transparency. The results of this article show that many dimensions of transparency have not been taken into account in these two organizations and it is necessary for these organizations to put the issue of transparency on their agenda.

Scientific authority is one of the basic concepts in science and among the macro policies of the country's system in the discourse of scientific progress in Iran. Since the 1980s, following the introduction of "scientific reference" literature in Iran's scientific community, many researches have been conducted on its theoretical, practical, scientific, social, cultural, economic and political aspects in different formats and in domestic and international forums. The purpose of this research is to analysis the conceptual structure of scientific reference knowledge in Iran.The current research is based on the scientometric approach with the methods of co-lexical analysis, information clustering and social network analysis. The study population of this research includes all scientific documents including Persian articles, books, academic theses and research projects from the beginning to January 2023.The findings related to co-lexical analysis showed that more than 241 concepts or keywords were mentioned in this field, and the concept of "scientific reference" in particular with the highest frequency, the concepts: "Ahl al-Bayt, Holy Qur'an, acquiring or achieving authority, university Medical sciences, universities and leadership and higher education have the most frequency among all concepts. In addition to that, the conceptual pairs "scientific reference - Ahl al-Bayt, scientific reference - Quran, scientific reference - leadership perspective, scientific reference - achievement and scientific reference - universities" have the most co-occurrence. Also, 30 concepts such as: "Indigenization of science, scientific dynamism, scientific vitality, scientific capital, scientific reference, civilization-building research, scientific authority, scientism, scientific flow, extension chair, knowledge frontiers, scientific heritage, leaders of science..." as Emerging concepts were identified in the researches. The results related to clustering showed that the knowledge of this field in Iran consists of 13 main clusters. Drawing conceptual maps of the field of knowledge of scientific authority showed that the formed network of concepts has discontinuity and its concepts are less connected. Considering the network density number (0.0268), it cannot be said that the network has a dense concept.According to the concepts obtained from the researches carried out in the field of scientific authority, this field is still young in Iran and its practical range has been less researched in other fields. But after it was brought up by the Supreme Leader in recent years, researches related to it have grown relatively; But its scope is not wide. This situation is well evident in the obtained maps. Most of the concepts obtained in the axis of explanation and definitions of the theoretical dimension of scientific reference. In total, this research presented a conceptual macro picture of the field of scientific authority.

Since information seeking behavior is a problem-solving process and includes different steps, users are influenced by their reasoning and thinking style during searching and making decisions at each stage of information seeking process, and they may repeat, change the search term, or perform a search many times until reaching the goal. Therefore, identifying users’ reasoning types at each stage of the information seeking process increases awareness about their mental challenges and the reasoning process that occur in their minds. Therefore, the purpose of writing this paper is to investigate, theoretically explain the role of reasoning in information seeking process in general and compare the position of the three intellectual approaches of mental logic, mental models and reasoning strategies and in the information seeking process in particular. In this research, the role of three thinking approaches (mental logic, mental models, and reasoning strategies) in the information seeking process was compared and based on that, the relative advantage of reasoning strategies in comparison with other two approaches was explained. The examination of different intellectual approaches shows that it is not possible to solve the problem by relying on one approach in the information seeking process, because the approach of mental logic and the use of logical rules can only be used in the stage of formulating different pieces of information or the stage of evaluating the results, while the examination of the mental models approach shows the application of this approach both in the stage of expressing the need, defining and understanding the problem, and in the stage of evaluating the results. In the meantime, the approach of reasoning strategies indicates that considering some reasoning strategies are based on logical rules and some of them are based on mental models, therefore, this approach is used in each of the stages of the information seeking process. The comparison of three thinking approaches (mental logic, mental models and reasoning strategies) showed that in the reasoning strategies approach, a wide range of strategies can be used to perform reasoning tasks and tasks that are not at the same level in terms of the application of logical rules. In other words, the intellectual approach of reasoning methods includes rule-based approaches (mental logic) or mental models in problem solving. In addition, in this approach, the syntactic and semantic structure as well as the content and context of the problem are taken into consideration, so compared to the other two approaches, the reasoning strategies approach can be considered as a suitable alternative for explaining and advancing the information seeking process.

Our brain only receives information that it finds interesting and that it can perceive through sight and hearing. Additionally, only certain parts of the input information are retained in our knowledge structure. Behavior is a direct result of learning, and information behavior refers to the activities individuals engage in to fulfill their information needs. This essay aims to provide a concise overview of the process of information flow in the human mind, drawing on the theory of information processing. By reviewing relevant scientific texts and research in this field, employing a review approach, it seeks to offer a general perspective to experts in knowledge and information science, guiding investigations into important issues in this domain. To elucidate this process, the essay initially examines the theory of information processing, followed by an exploration of how data is received by the human brain through the senses, Cognitive biases in information selection and processing, the limitations of memory in recording information, and the influence of learning on information behavior. The findings reveal a selective and reductionist approach at each stage in the brain, underscoring the importance of considering these limitations in future research and the design of information retrieval systems.

The aim of this research is to present an ontology to explain the relationships, characteristics, and concepts in children's literature to make the texts related to children's literature as accessible as possible. The existence of such a source will make the literature of children more fruitful as it is going on in Iran. In this study, Aska's thesaurus was used as the starting point for constructing the ontology. This research was carried out in eleven steps using the method of meta-ontology, which is an acceptable and suggested method by experts. The tool used in this study was Proteje (version 5.5). The findings showed that this field has eleven main categories (including education, literature, communication, sociology, science and information science, religion, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, technology and experimental sciences, and art and culture). Each of these categories is divided into several sub-classes. The wide range of main categories related to the field of literature for children and teenagers indicates that the main purpose of children's literature is not only to entertain them but also to educate and familiarize them with various issues of life. This ontology, with a complete set of terms, concepts, and semantic relationships, which is accompanied by different examples for each literary type, will be very efficient and beneficial for writers, librarians, and every activist in the field of children's and teenagers' literature.

Using tools to clearly and accurately describe the steps, components and relationships between components of phenomena graphically or hierarchically is one of the conventional methods of education and can be effective in better understanding of the learner, in this article using The ontology tool will try to provide a clear, formal and accurate description of the evidence-based medical field and the relationships between its components.

This article is of applied type and the research method used in it is ontological engineering. 5 ontology design software Kogoi, Swap, Obo-Editor, Apollo and Protege were evaluated in terms of functionality and facilities, especially for the design of Persian ontologies.

Findings and suggestions:

 In the review of the software, Protege and Kogoi have better features and support, and their use, especially in the design of ontology in Persian language, was associated with fewer problems. Since Protege software is more compatible with the standards of ontology design, this software was selected for the design of evidence-based medical ontology and was designed through 7 steps of this ontology. Considering that this ontology is a prototype and all its parts need to add more classes and relationships, it is suggested that in future researches, with the development of this ontology, it is possible to use it for the databases of this field in addition to the application its training should be provided.

The Internet of Things is a connected network consisting of several nodes and provides tools for more convenient use of library services, which in addition to improving library processes, increases efficiency and improves library services. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the advantages and challenges of Internet of Things in libraries and information centers in order to provide a coherent classification and perspective for the future research of Internet of Things in these centers using a systematic review technique.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research, it is a qualitative study that was conducted using a systematic review technique. The method of conducting this research is that first the research problem was formulated and then the texts related to the purpose of the research were studied and then the search strategy was determined and then the data was extracted from Scopus and Weboscience databases. After retrieving 2335 documents from the two databases in question, the data were merged with each other and overlapping items were removed. Finally, the necessary components were identified from the 42 selected studies,

In this research, the advantages, challenges and type of technology used to use the Internet of Things in libraries and information centers were selected for the final analysis. According to the concepts obtained with the objectives of the research, each of them was categorized in a similar concept. Based on the findings, it was found that the advantages of Internet of Things in three categories, online service infrastructure including 8 concepts; Complex control infrastructure including 16 concepts, physical infrastructure including 7 concepts, and the challenges of using Internet of Things were placed in three categories of online service infrastructure including 7 concepts, complex control infrastructure including 8 concepts, physical infrastructure (building smartness) including 6 concepts, and technology RFID was the most widely used technology to implement the Internet of Things.

Internet of Things is one of the most appropriate technologies in the current era in providing services and controlling library systems due to its high capability in facilitating, controlling and high efficiency in services and work processes in libraries. But according to the results, the application of this technology is faced with challenges such as lack of sufficient equipment, financial and administrative costs, lack of expert staff to repair the equipment when it breaks down, lack of familiarity of librarians with this technology, and high costs for its maintenance. There is no doubt that the use of Internet of Things technology in libraries will create a better future for libraries, however, the degree of acceptance by libraries and the use of this technology in the library depends on the challenges faced by libraries in using How many libraries will welcome this technology. Therefore, the use of this technology in libraries requires reflection by the authorities in this regard. Therefore, the use of this technology in libraries requires reflection by the authorities in this regard.

In the process of data generation or transmission, the quality of data may degrade and not meet the required level for subsequent processing steps. Improving data quality is one of the crucial steps that needs to be taken to obtain accurate information hidden within the data in any field. Researchers have proposed various methods to perform this process, which differ based on the type of data. However, it is important to note that often these methods do not consider the existing similarities in different dimensions of the data simultaneously. This can have an undesirable or detrimental impact on certain parts of the data and may not improve the damaged segments. As a result, the obtained output will not contain all the desired information. In this paper, a new method is introduced in which data quality improvement is carried out using a set of collaborative nodes in an interactive network structure. This method enhances resistance against various types of degradation by employing a set of nodes. The performance of the proposed method is compared with six other state-of-the-art data quality improvement methods on real degraded datasets. The results obtained from the simulation show that the proposed method outperforms the other compared methods.

Coordination among different supply chain components and the establishment of centralized decision-making capabilities, significantly impact the performance of the supply chain and consequently the organization's performance. Nowadays, the high volume of information that being generated in these sectors and flowing among them, has confronted supply chain management with various Evolutions. Therefore, considering the high importance of information flow for achieving coordination in the supply chain, this research aims to provide a comprehensive review of existing studies on information flow in the supply chain and examines the hot topics and research trends in this field. To achieve the research objectives, relevant keywords related to the research topic were searched in the Web of Science database in the title, abstract, and keywords sections. From the obtained article collection, after stages of refinement, 2357 articles were selected. The selected article collection includes articles published in a 10-year period (2013-2023) and in English. For the analysis, R, VOSviewer and Excel softwares were used. Based on the obtained results, the number of articles with an annual average growth rate of 10.97 is increasing, that reflects researchers' attention to the importance of information flow in the supply chain. Results show that, information flow influences various aspects of the supply chain, including agility, resilience, green supply chain, risk management, logistics, reverse logistics, inventory management, closed-loop supply chain, and sustainability. Additionally, information flow can contribute to trust, collaboration, coordination, visibility, traceability, competitive advantage, and innovation, and also impacting the supply chain performance in various dimensions (financial, operational, and corporate). Among the keywords, the most frequent ones have been information sharing, supply chain management, supply chain, and blockchain. In this set of keywords, the newest keywords that have been introduced in research topics from 2018 to 2020 can be mentioned as follows: blockchain technology, Industry 4.0, cyber security, machine learning, digital transformation, smart contracts, artificial intelligence, circular economy and COVID-19. These topics are new research areas that will continue to be interesting area to the scientific community in the coming years. The most frequent new topic that has received attention since 2021 is “digitalization/digital supply chain”, that is an emerging concept in supply chain management and one of the achievements of Industry 4.0. Digital supply chain includes managing supply chain processes with a wide range of new technologies (big data, blockchain, internet of things, cloud computing, etc.). Therefore, recent research trends emphasize the importance of focusing on information flow in achieving new technologies in the supply chain and moving towards a digital supply chain.

Scientific communication encompasses various types and forms of communication conducted through the use of communication methods and tools, aiming to exchange scientific knowledge and information. To gain a comprehensive understanding of scientific and research communications and enhance them, it is crucial to identify the terms and concepts. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify and conceptually cluster key terms in the field of scientific communication using text mining techniques. The present research method is quantitative in terms of approach and practical in terms of purpose and utilized various text mining techniques for identifying and clustering key terms in the field of scientific communication. The research population consist of abstracts of articles related to scientific communication, extracted from databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, totaling 558 articles. The sampling method was census. Initially, all nominal phrases were extracted using available libraries. Each compound phrase was decomposed into its constituent words, and based on GloVe dictionary, the average vectors of those words were calculated, assigning a numerical vector to each compound phrase. The researchers created an equivalent expression using existing vocabulary to describe unknown terms that did not exist in the GloVe dictionary. The clustering (using the K-means method) was performed on these vectors. The findings revealed that out of 17,930 extracted keywords, 13,651 terms were noun phrases. Also, 16% of terms in the field of scientific communication were single words and 84% of them were compound. After creating vectors of compound terms and performing clustering, 40 conceptual clusters were created from 792 phrases or terms in the field of scientific communication. After adjusting and removing weak clusters, researchers finally identified 22 clusters in the field of scientific communication. Identifying the concepts and components in scientific communication in the form of conceptual clusters and its elements is attributed to the results of this research. One of the most significant findings was the assignment of numerical vectors to composite phrases based on the vectors of their constituent words. These vectors were then used for clustering and categorizing phrases, as well as improving and correcting some clusters. This method pays attention to the semantics aspects and learning in the clustering and categorization of concepts and, will aid to precise analysis of key terms and phrases in various fields.