مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 196، مهر و آبان 1403)

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important behavior to raise women's awareness of the early symptoms of breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program based on the self-efficacy model on breast self-examination behavior in healthy volunteers.

In this quasi-experimental study, 78 health volunteers from Mashhad participated and were randomly categorized into two groups (intervention (N=39) and control groups(N=39). Before the performing of the education program the self-report, valid, and reliable questionnaires were completed by groups. Then, the intervention groups received the educational program about the BSE in the form of lecture, group discussion, and questioning and answering in 4 sessions and the non-intervention group did not receive the education. Both groups completed the questionnaires 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 by one-way ANOVA, t student and paired t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests and p≤0.05 considered significant.

The results showed there was a significant difference between the means of self-efficacy score in the intervention (38.6±5.02) and control groups (34.7±5.8) (p <0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the means of breast self-examination behavior in intervention and control groups (p <0.001).

The results showed that education based on the self-efficacy model had a positive effect on breast self-examination behavior, so it seems necessary emphasizing on self-efficacy model in breast cancer prevention programs.

Using radius hematoma block method can provide good anesthesia in distal radius fractures, but sometimes it is difficult to do it using anatomical landmarks. Performing the block procedure under ultrasound guidance can improve the success rate of the block and pain relief during delivery.

In this double-blind clinical trial study, 100 patients over 15 years of age with acute distal radius fracture were randomly assigned to two groups of hematoma block without ultrasound guidance and hematoma block with ultrasound guidance (47 people). Examining the amount of pain during block and insertion based on a Likert scale of 0 to 10 (0=no pain and 10=most pain) during insertion and half an hour after insertion was done and compared in two groups.

In this study, 69% of participating patients were women, the average age of patients in the group with ultrasound guidance was 47.25 years and in the group without ultrasound guidance was 55.16 years. The average number of VAS during descent in the group with ultrasound guidance and without ultrasound guidance was 5.42 and 5.81, respectively, and half an hour later, it was 1.91 and 2.33, respectively.

It seems that performing hematoma block under ultrasound guidance especially in cases where there are no suitable local landmarks or for reasons such as swelling of soft tissue, bone anatomy, crushing of fracture fragments, or the presence of interfering factors in diagnosing the exact location of the fracture. Hematoma block becomes complicated and difficult, it can be very helpful.

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the shear strength of some common artificial teeth in the Iranian market.Materials&

8 sets of 4 types (2 sets of each type) of different artificial teeth available and common in the Iranian market are prepared; including Finex (BetaDent co, Iran), "President" (Idealmakoo co, Iran), "Yamahachi" (Yamahachi co, Japan) and "Ivoclar" (Ivoclar Vivadent, Italy) used in removable dentures.10 samples were prepared from each set. These samples were 4 * 2 * 2 mm3, After mounting, all samples were subjected to 3000 load cycles and then the shear strength of artificial teeth samples mounted in heat-cured acrylics measured by using UTM (Universal Testing Machine,SANTAM Co., Iran).

Mean and standard deviation of acrylic shear bond strength of artificial teeth from highest to lowest:in Ivocular artificial teeth 244.20 ± 25.96, in Yamahachi artificial teeth 221.00 ± 24.56, in Finex artificial teeth 179.8 ± 22.46 and in President artificial teeth were 150.33 ± 21.20.There is no interaction between artificial tooth brand and type of acrylic base (p = 0.111) but there is a significant difference between type of acrylic base and artificial tooth brand (P <0.001 for each).

The average of shear stength of Yamahachi artificial teeth was higher than Finex and President.according to findings, it seems use of Ivocular and Yamahachi artificial teeth respectively decreases the possibility of separation of artificial teeth from acrylic base.also in every artificial tooth brands.

Myocardial infraction is one of the main causes of death in today's society. Rehabilitation changes some markers in this disease. The aim of this research is to investigate the reaction of factor derived from fibroblasts and endostatin to the acute rehabilitation of physical activity along with electrical stimulation in infarcted rats.

In this controlled experimental study with a control group, 50 Wistar rats (8weeks old, 220±15g) were induced with isoproterenol (150mg/kg) to infarction. Then they were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 healthy, infarct, rehabilitation, electrical stimulation and rehabilitation with electrical stimulation. The intervention groups underwent increasing rehabilitation (with a speed of 10 to 18m/min and duration of 50m) and electrical stimulation (a foot shock with an intensity of 0.5 M/A and duration of 20m) for one session. After exercise and anesthesia, venous blood samples were collected for FGF-2 and Ens serum levels and evaluated by ELISA method. ANOVA was used for data analysis at a significance level of P<0.05.

Induction of rats with isoproterenol led to a significant increase in the serum levels of FGF-2 and Ens in all groups (P=0.0001). ANOVA showed that a session of rehabilitation led to a significant increase (P=0.040) of serum FGF-2 levels and a non-significant decrease (P=0.547) of Ens in all groups compared to infarction.

It seems that increasing acute rehabilitation by creating positive angiogenic changes in infarcted rats can play an important role in improving myocardial damage and replacing closed capillaries.Key words

Granuloma is a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in response to foreign material. It is manifested by the organized accumulation of mature mononuclear macrophages. Sometimes granuloma may be formed in the absence of external factors. In addition to infectious agents, autoimmune diseases and primary immune deficiencies can cause granuloma. A number of primary immune deficiencies can cause autoimmune disorders and granulomatous inflammation, so these people in addition to frequent infections suffer from non-infectious complications that can have an important effect on prognosis. In this review, we intended to have an overview of primary immunodeficiency diseases with granulomatous inflammation and evaluate the effects of these lesions on the prognosis and course of the disease. Article search was performed by Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. We tried to use the latest and most reliable articles in English and Persian language that are related to our topic. The best articles were selected as references after evaluation of the journal and methodology of the paper. .

Timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory conditions, which sometimes appear before infectious manifestations, will be effective in improving the prognosis of the disease. The treatment of these patients with immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids should be based on several factors such as: patient's condition, severity of granulomatous inflammation, and presence of active fungal or bacterial infection.

HIV is one of the problems that can cause psychological problems, so the methods of treating the psychological problems of these patients should be determined. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion therapy on self-criticism and stigma in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The present study was a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with two experimental groups (schema therapy and compassion therapy) and a control group with a 3-month follow-up test. The statistical population of this research includes all the people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (+HIV) who have not yet reached the stage of AIDS and who were in Imam Khomeini (RA) hospital in Tehran in the period of 1401-1402, who had a case file and to receive medical services and They referred to this center. The sampling method in this research was firstly targeted sampling and 60 people (20 people in each group) were selected as a sample. Mixed analysis with repeated measurements with SPSS version 26 software was used for data analysis.

The results showed that both schema therapy and compassion therapy were effective in reducing self-criticism and stigma (p<001). Also, the results showed that the effectiveness of compassion therapy on reducing self-criticism and schema therapy on reducing astigmatism was higher (p<001).

Both schema therapy and compassion therapy are effective and it is necessary to pay attention to these two interventions in the psychological challenges of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sufferers.

Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant brain tumors, which is also known as primary neuroepithelial tumors. Glioblastoma malignant tumors include 20-40% of brain tumors. The LMO1 gene is located at position 11P15.4 and is introduced as an oncogene in some cancers. This study was conducted for the first time in Iran to identify and investigate the relationship between LMO1 gene mutations and glioblastoma.methodIn this research, the Touchdown PCR technique and DNA sequencing method were used in 35 blood samples of people with glioblastoma multiforme and 40 control samples. Bioinformatics analyses were also performed to investigate the pathogenic effect of nucleotide changes in this gene.

In this study, four point mutations were identified, of which two of the new mutations were misense and led to amino acid changes in one of the important domains of the protein (p.M135K and p.N148H), which indicates their potential pathogenicity. Our results of bioinformatics databases predicted that both of these mutations affect protein function, such that they can disrupt this domain and impair its function. Also, a nucleotide change was observed in the 3'UTR region of this gene (c.*74A>G), which is located at the binding site of two regulatory miRNAs and is expected to disrupt the binding of these miRNAs to the target sequence.

These findings predict that any mutations in the LIM-sensitive domains in the LMO1 gene are significantly related to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and most likely have a significant impact on the function of this transcriptional cofactor.

Adhering to a gluten-free diet has an important impact on the quality of life of celiac patients, and non-adherence to it will have long-term complications. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of telenursing training on the efficiency and adherence to the diet of adolescents with celiac disease.

This research was a semi-experimental study. Which was conducted on 60 teenagers. Eligible patients were selected in an accessible manner and then were placed in two intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group received 5 sessions of virtual telenursing training. Questionnaire of demographic information, self-efficacy and adherence to diet was completed by both groups, before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software. A significance level of p<0.050 was considered.

The two groups did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of the average score of dietary compliance before the intervention (P=0.07). But after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the two groups (P < 0.001). Also, according to the results, the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of the average self-efficacy score before the intervention (P = 0.12). But after the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed (P < 0.001).

According to the findings and according to the effectiveness of the intervention, the use of telenursing in health policy related to chronic diseases can play an important role in increasing the health level of the society.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the health promotion package based on the basic beliefs of kidney cancer patients.

The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population was all people with kidney cancer who were members of Tehran Kidney Cancer Association in 2001-2001, and 30 people were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Basic beliefs questionnaires (Catlin and Estein, 1992) were used to collect information. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 software and using multivariate covariance analysis.

The results indicate that there was a significant difference between the mean world scores (p<0.001) and favorable self-belief (p<0.001) between the experimental and control groups in the post-test scores.

health promotion package based on flourishing on basic beliefs is effective. effective

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is the first point of service for people who are in critical conditions and need emergency services, and high blood pressure is one of the most important causes of death in Iran and the world.

This applied and descriptive-analytical research, using spatial statistics and geographic information system (GIS), analyzed the epidemiologic space-time of blood pressure in the city of Mashhad. The statistical population, the total number of blood pressure patients (3555 people), are within the city of Mashhad, who contacted the EMS center between 2018 and 2019. To identify the spatial pattern of blood pressure disease, in the analysis of the spatial distribution pattern of central complication techniques, standard deviation curve, high/low clustering analysis, hot spot analysis, global and local Moran index and kernel density analysis to analyze and how the pattern Spatial distribution of blood pressure disease has been used by GIS.

The findings show that the index of clustering analysis in the spatial pattern is in the form of severe clustering. Cornell's density estimation model showed that the most areas involved in blood pressure diseases include the northeastern areas towards the center of Mashhad city, where patients with high or low blood pressure have gathered in hot or cold clusters.

By using the analytical results, a comprehensive understanding of the centers of blood pressure disease, and the spatial patterns and geographical distribution of health, in Mashhad city, has been achieved, which can be taken into account in preventive measures.

In the Iranian society, with the spread of the news of the widespread spread of the corona virus and the gradual involvement of all the provinces of the country, the stage of denying the disease gradually turned into a serious fear. One of the concepts that is synonymous with damage and crisis is social resilience, which expresses the ability of a society to control the consequences of crisis and damage. In other words, resilience provides a possibility for the person and the society to absorb the effects of damage, therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the reduction of the consequences of Corona in Bandar Abbas city.

To properly cover the research problem, both quantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously. The study population included the residents of Bandar Abbas city, and a statistical sample of 384 people was determined through random stratification sampling and using the modified Cochran formula. The data collection tools were questionnaires to extract and compile information related to the subject, as well as two questionnaires to measure research variables. In the current research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the variable of social resilience, and a periodic questionnaire was used to measure the consequences of Corona. For analysis, SPSS version 21 software was used for descriptive and bivariate analysis and Lisrel8. 50 software for multivariate analysis.

The results of this research showed that at the 99% confidence level, the spread of Corona has had social, economic, health, recreational welfare consequences in Bandar Abbas city. Also, social resilience and its four dimensions have a significant difference with the average score of the spectrum, which in the dimensions of ability to teach and learn, ability to adapt and the whole variable of social resilience, the average obtained is higher than the scale score. However, in the two dimensions of ability to face danger and the power of organization, the average score obtained has a significant and negative difference compared to the average score, and it can be said that the social resilience of the families of Bandar Abbas city is considered weak in these aspects.

The results of the research indicated the positive impact of the socio-economic base of families with the degree of resilience and the degree of influence of the negative consequences of Corona. To put it simply, a higher socio-economic base allows individuals and families to have more social resilience.

Women heads of households face psychological and social difficulties and challenges to achieve psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and existential therapy on the psychological well-being and hope of female heads of households in Rasht city.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up plan with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population includes all female heads of households in the city of Rasht and the sample size includes 60 people who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (20 people in the existential therapy group and 20 people in the cognitive behavioral therapy group) and a control group (20 people). were given. Then, eight 90-minute group sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy and existential therapy were presented to each of the two experimental groups.

The results showed that the main effect of time is statistically significant in the variables of psychological well-being and hope, which means that between the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the variables of psychological well-being and hope of women heads of households in the two experimental groups (cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy) there was a significant difference, which indicated the significant effect of both treatment methods on the dependent variables of the research.

Both treatment methods have been able to increase the psychological well-being and hope of female heads of the household to the same extent.

Physical diseases such as multiple sclerosis cause psychological and physical damages in the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the role of life style on the mental wellbeing with the mediation role of health hardiness in the women with multiple sclerosis.

It was a descriptive study in correlational and structural equations type. The statistical population included all the women with MS who referred to specialized clinics in the city of Tehran in 2019, sixty of whom were selected via available sampling method as the research sample. The data collection instruments included life style questionnaire (La’li et.al, 1991), health hardiness inventory (Gebhardet, Vander Doef, Paul, 2001), and mental wellbeing (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). The data analysis from this study was conducted through structural equations modeling method.

The results of investigating the direct effects of research variables showed that the life style had significant direct effect on the mental wellbeing, mental wellbeing had significant direct effect on the health hardiness and health hardiness had significant direct effect on the mental wellbeing (P<0.05). Moreover, the mediating role of health hardiness was confirmed in the relationship between the life style and mental wellbeing in the patient with MS.

according to the results of the study, paying more attention to the role of life style and psychological factors such as health hardiness in order to increase mental wellbeing of the patients with MS is suggested.

Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune, psychosomatic diseases of the skin, which is accompanied by vulnerability to stress, emotional disorders, and difficulty in expressing negative feelings. The role of emotional experiences and especially alexithymia in the clinical course of many skin diseases has been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of alexithymia and psychological distress in predicting the degree of itching and the severity of the disease in people with psoriasis. The statistical population of the study was psoriasis sufferers in 1401 from Tehran. For this purpose, with the available sampling method, 187people with psoriasis who were members of the Iranian Psoriasis Association participated in the research online. Toronto alexithymia Questionnaire (TAS-20), Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Psoriasis Level and Severity Index (PASI) and self-report itch intensity measurement were completed. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between alexithymia, psychological distress, severity of itching and severity of the disease. Stepwise regression was used to investigate the moderating role of alexithymia between psychological distress and itching severity. The findings show that the beta related to the interaction of alexithymia and psychological distress is significant in predicting 34%of itching in psoriasis. But these results were not significant for predicting the severity of the disease by emotional ataxia and psychological distress.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli has many virulence genes that are related to its pathogenicity. The main purpose of this study was to the molecular analyze virulence genes of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates isolated from diarrhea children.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, after collecting 410 stool samples from diarrhea children, 352 Escherichia coli isolates were isolated using biochemical tests, and 39 EAEC isolates were isolated using the molecular PCR method and CVD432, aggR primers, and virulence genes were investigated. fimA, aap, astA, aafA, cdt in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates was performed by molecular PCR method.

According to the results of the molecular method, out of a total of 39 EAEC isolates, respectively, the most isolates related to 37 (94.87%) fimA gene, 35 (89.74%) aap gene, 11 (20.28%) astA gene, 3(69 (7%) aafA gene and cdt gene were not found in any of the isolates.

The results showed that in EAEC isolates, the most frequent virulence genes are related to aap and fimA, and these genes play a role in bacterial aggregation and penetration into mucous tissue and intracellular accumulation of isolates, and in adhesion and biofilm formation. On the other hand, the presence of various pathogenic genes in EAEC isolates indicates the direct involvement of these genes in bacterial pathogenicity.

Various intervention studies have been conducted with the aim of reducing stress and anxiety caused by Coronavirus, But research that measures the effectiveness of Book therapy has been neglected. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of Book therapy on stress and anxiety caused by Coronavirus in Female Athletes.

The present study was performed a two-group semiexperimental study (experimental group, control group) with two stages including pre-test, and post-test. The study population consisted of all female athletes in the field of yoga in Babol in 2020.The sample of this study was 30 female athletes who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group) and the experimental group received Book therapy in 8 sessions of 60 minutes according to Lady،s Book therapy Protocol (1993). The control group did not receive any treatment method during the training period. Research tool, Corona،s Anxiety Questionnaire, Alipour et al. (2020) and was the Corona stress scale (css_18). For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance was used with SPSS26 software.

The results showed that in the post-test phase, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of stress and anxiety Coronavirus in the two groups. (p<0.05)

This treatment can be one of the most effective options in reducing the symptoms of anxiety and stress caused by Coronavirus, along with other drug interventions. The findings confirm the acceptability of the theoretical issues presented in this field

Physical activity is a key requirement for maintaining good health. This systematic review aimed to determine the physical activity level and the accumulation of physical activity among health care professionals (HCPs).

The study employed a systematic review approach, conducting keyword searches on databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Searching Persian medical articles was carried out via Magiran, Scientific Information Database, IranDoc, and Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. The search terms included "Physical activity", "Physical practice", "Exercise", "Healthcare employees", "Healthcare workers", "Healthcare Professionals", "Healthcare occupational" and "Level". A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and were analyzed.

In the reviewed articles, the level of physical activity among the Healthcare Professionals has been determined by subjective (questionnaire, daily physical activity record) and objective (accelerometer, heart rate monitor, pedometer, calorie counter, and sport tester) tools. In 66% of the reviewed articles, the occupation was nurses. Healthcare Professionals physical activity levels largely consist of light-intensity physical activity. They spent 80 to 150 minutes per work shifts in light-intensity physical activity.

An understanding of the occupational physical activity levels of Healthcare Professionals can affect the well-being and safety in the work environment and the patient's satisfaction of the services they receive. Although moderate and vigorous-intensity occupational activities among the Healthcare Professionals have also been reported in the reviewed studies, but the intensity, duration and sequence of these activities are not sufficient to therapeutic effects.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on emotion suppression and severity of intestinal symptoms of IBS-D patients with comorbid Depression.

this was a randomized controlled trial and from IBS-D patients with comorbid Depression of neuropsychiatric clinics in Qom during summer 2023, 30 eligible individuals were selected using randomized clustered sampling and were randomly assigned into intervention (ISTDP) and control group. The data from Emotional Control Questionary (ECQ) and Bowel Symptoms Severity and Frequency Scale (BSS-FS) in pretest and posttest were analyzed via SPSS-26 through analyze of covariance (ANCOVA).

 the ANCOVA results showed that the differences between groups in emotional suppression (F=84/24, p=0/02) and severity of intestinal symptoms (F=66/75, p=0/03) were significant.

ISTDP can be considered as an effective intervention for reducing emotional suppression and intestinal symptoms in depressed IBS-D patients.

The structure of bacteria consists of various macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, phospholipids and nucleic acids, which, in addition to their role in forming their structure, play an essential role in maintaining their viability and pathogenicity. This study aimed to investigate the application of proteomics in the analysis of proteomic profiles of bacteria and their derived postbiotics.

In this review study, relevant data were collected by searching for the keywords "probiotics, postbiotics, proteome, proteomics, biofilm, antibiotic resistance" in the Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. All articles related to experimental studies were included in the study and articles that did not contain the full text were excluded.

To study microbial macromolecules, in addition to genomic methods, there are also proteomic methods that provide information about the structural and functional proteins of bacteria. In the scope of bacterial proteomics studies, in addition to pathogenic bacteria, probiotic bacteria are also mentioned, which are part of the structure of this Microorganisms, as well as due to their metabolic activity, produce compounds known as postbiotics, which are responsible for their beneficial effects and have various properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immune system modulating effects.

Utilizing applied proteomics in the field of proteomic profile analysis of bacteria, particularly probiotics can be considered a new approach towards the comprehensive knowledge of postbiotic metabolites, which is the basis for the enrichment of the food matrices for the development of functional foods for health-promoting objectives.

The Papaveraceae family is one of the most important alkaloid containing families. It contains isoquinoline alkaloids including aporphines, protopines, protoberberines and proaporphines. The genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) comprises about 25 species of herbaceous plants in the world and Aporphinoids are the greatest number of isolated alkaloids from this genus. S-(+)-Glaucine (C21H25NO4) is the main alkaloid component of the Papaveraceae family, which are collected during the blooming period. This compound belongs to the group of aporphine alkaloids and is used in medicine as an antitussive agent. In the current research, we studied leaf Glaucine composition of nine Glaucium species from Iran. These species were harvested from the northern and western provinces of the country and their leaf ethanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC, for detection the types and amounts of their Glaucine compounds. The concentration of these Glaucine compounds differed between the species. The highest amount of Glaucine compounds were detected in G. corniculatum var corniculatum and G. corniculatum var flaviflorum, while G. flavum var flavum had the lowest one. The evaluated species divided into two distinct group in WARD tree. All of evaluated individual belonged to the same species of the genus, therefore our findings revealed that the Glaucine data were useful at species level for identification of the species.

 Considering that schema therapy can play an effective role in improving psychological symptoms; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of schema-therapy on feelings of failure and self-compassion in people with borderline personality disorder.

 The research method is quasi-experimental with random This study was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up plan with a control group. The target population was all patients with borderline personality who referred to the specialized psychological clinic in Tehran in 1403. The size of the examined sample was determined by referring to Cohen's table, 95% confidence level, 0.30 effect size and 0.83 statistical power for each group of 12 people. However, since there was a possibility of some samples falling and also in order to generalize the results, the sample size was determined to be 15 people in each group. Research tools were Neff's self-compassion scale (SCS) and Gilbert and Allen's feelings of failure questionnaire. In order to analyze the data in this research, Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measure was performed using SPSS version 25 software.

  The results showed that the average score of self-compassion in the treatment group significantly increased compared to the control group and the feeling of failure decreased (P<0.01).

 It can be said that the use of schema therapy is effective on patients with borderline personality. Based on this, it is recommended to use schema therapy for improvement in people with borderline personality.

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the autoimmune diseases and has a chronic and progressive course. In addition to physical problems and disabilities, this disease has social and psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with acceptance and commitment-based therapy on pain indicators (severity/acceptance) in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

The present study was a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with two experimental groups (schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy) and a control group with a 3-month follow-up test. The statistical population of this research included all the people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis under regular drug treatment who had filed a case in Loqman hospital in Tehran during 1401-1402 due to mechanical and non-inflammatory pains. The sampling method in this research was firstly targeted sampling and 60 people (20 people in each group) were selected as a sample. The standard pain intensity questionnaires of Quebec et al. (1995) and pain acceptance questionnaires by McCracken and Wells (2004) were used to collect data. Mixed analysis with repeated measurements with SPSS version 25 software was used for data analysis.

The results showed that the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on pain indicators was more than schema therapy.

In order to improve the pain indicators of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, it is suggested to use schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on the self-knowledge of vulnerable adolescents under the welfare of Tehran. The research method was an experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all vulnerable teenagers covered by the welfare department of Tehran in 1400. Using the available sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention groups of positive psychology and dialectical behavior therapy and the control group. The score obtained from Kettle's Self-Knowledge Questionnaire (1998) was included in the initial screening as a pre-test. Then, the intervention of positive psychology and dialectical behavior therapy was presented to the experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Then all three groups were measured in the post-test. Also, after one month, the follow-up period was carried out by implementing a self-knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis using mixed variance analysis showed that positive treatment and dialectical behavior therapy were effective on the self-knowledge of vulnerable teenagers under the welfare of Tehran city (P<0.001). Also, the effect of positive treatment was greater than dialectical behavior therapy in improving self-knowledge (P<0.001). The results were maintained in the follow-up phase. The results of this research reveal the need to pay special attention to the issues of vulnerable teenagers.

 The use of temporary restorations in the treatment of patients who need dental prostheses is considered as one of the necessary steps. Flexural strength is important as a key indicator in the selection of materials for temporary restorations, especially in the anterior and long areas. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the bending strength of temporary restorations made with milling and 3D printing in comparison with the conventional method.

 The main model of the temporary restoration was designed and produced using milling and 3D printing techniques. Three-unit restoration samples were subjected to post-processing processes after fabrication and preserved in artificial saliva. Then, the samples were subjected to thermocycling and the three-point bending test was performed on them. The results showed that the highest average bending strength was related to the samples printed with an angle of 45 degrees, and statistically, they showed a significant difference compared to other groups. On the other hand, the restorations produced by the traditional method had the lowest bending strength. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 statistical software and ANOVA and LSD tests.

 A significant difference was observed between different groups, so that the 3D printer method with an angle of 45 degrees has significantly higher bending strength than other methods (P<0.05). 

 These findings show the effect of different manufacturing methods on the mechanical properties of restorations and emphasize the use of advanced technologies such as 3D printing in dentistry. The use of these technologies can help improve the performance and durability of temporary restorations and improve the quality of dental treatment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of solution-oriented narrative therapy and solution-oriented therapy on the quality of life of conflicted couples. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up test. The statistical population of this research was all the couples with marital conflict who referred to counseling centers in Shirvan city in 1401-402. The statistical sample included 30 couples with marital conflict, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Solution-Focused Narrative Therapy (SFNT) and Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) were administered separately for 6 sessions to the experimental groups, and the control group received no intervention. The research tool was the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life questionnaire. For data analysis, repeated analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used using spss-26 statistical software. The results showed that solution-oriented narrative therapy and solution-oriented therapy were effective on post-test and follow-up quality of life of conflicted couples (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that the effect of solution-oriented narrative therapy on the quality of life variable of conflicted couples was better than solution-oriented therapy (P<0.001). According to the results of the research, it can be said that both approaches can be used to resolve couples' conflicts, although the effectiveness of the solution-oriented narrative therapy approach was more than the solution-oriented therapy.

 The present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation course on changes in copeptin levels and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

 In this semi-experimental study, with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 men with acute coronary syndrome disease were selected as available and were placed in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed a cardiac rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, while the control group did not perform any regular physical activity during this period. Before and after the Copeptin rehabilitation program, the quality of life of the participants was measured. The data was analyzed by covariance method.

 The results showed that cardiac rehabilitation training has a significant effect on increasing copeptin and increasing quality of life (P≤0.05).

 In general, it can be stated that the cardiac rehabilitation exercise program can play an important role in improving the physical and mental conditions of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Separation anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders among children and adolescents, and therefore, considering the prevalence of this disorder in children and its harmful effects on children's growth and performance and preventing its continuation and treatment, research in the field of children and identification of factors Effective on it is very important.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of mothers' anxiety and thematic relationships in predicting the separation anxiety of elementary school children.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all the first grade students of Qom city in 1400, whose number was 23,864 according to the statistics obtained from the Department of Education. The statistical sample consisted of 378 members of the mentioned statistical population who were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments used included the Separation Anxiety Scale (Parent and Child Version) by Han et al. (2003), Beck's Anxiety Questionnaire (1990), and Bell's Thematic Relationship Scale (1995). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression at the same time) were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 software.

The results showed that about 13.6% of the variance of children's separation anxiety is predicted by mothers' anxiety and the subscales of mothers' thematic relationships (insecure attachment, alienation, social incompetence and self-centeredness). Mothers' anxiety has a positive and significant relationship with children's separation anxiety.

 The aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on self-compassion in hemodialysis patients. 

 The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group with follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all hemodialysis patients referred to the dialysis center of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Shahrood city in 1402, numbering 211 people. The research sample included 45 people and the purposive sampling method was used. Research tools include; The questionnaire was the self-compassion questionnaire of Neaf (2003), as well as the therapeutic protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy (Valsaraj et al., 2021) and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (Segal et al., 2013) was used. The data was analyzed using the statistical test of mixed analysis of variance.

 The findings showed that the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness had a significant effect on improving self-compassion in hemodialysis patients in the post-test. There was a difference between the scores of the self-compassion in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up regardless of the type of intervention. Among the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective in increasing self-compassion in hemodialysis patients (P<0.001).

 It can be concluded that with both methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, especially cognitive behavioral therapy which was more effective, the recovery in hemodialysis patients can be accelerated.

considering the lack of RCT’s and the importance of the subject it was necessary to examine the effectiveness of capacity building Dynamic Psychotherapy on emotion dysregulation and distress tolerance of boatrderline personality disorder patients.

this was a randomized controlled trial and from all BPD patients with high levels of emotion dysregulation and low levels of distress tolerance of neuropsychiatric clinics in Qom during fall 2023, 30 eligible individuals were selected using randomized clustered sampling and were randomly assigned into intervention and control group. The data from Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) in pretest and posttest were analyzed via SPSS-26 through analyze of covariance (ANCOVA).

the ANCOVA results showed that the differences between groups in emotion dysregulation (F=75/66, p=0/04) and distress tolerance (F=86/15, p=0/02) were significant.

Capacity Building Dynamic Psychotherapy can be considered as an effective intervention for reducing emotion dysregulation and improving distress tolerance in BPD patients.

eventhough fatigue had been considered as one of the main symptoms of depression, few research has been conducted about it. Both antidepressants and psychotherapies has difficulty treating fatigue. Self-criticism which is highly related with fatigue, is considerd as an obstacle in treating depressed patients. the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy on fatigue and self-criticism of depressed patients.

this was a randomized controlled trial and from patients with Major Depressive disorder of neuropsychiatric clinics in Qom during winter 2023, 64 eligible individuals were selected using randomized clustered sampling and were randomly assigned into intervention (ISTDP) and control group. The data from Multidimentional Fatigue Index (MFI-20) and Self-criticsm Scale (SCS) in pretest and posttest were analyzed via SPSS-26 through analyze of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results of the multivariate covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the ISTDP group and the control group in a combination of variables of fatigue and self-criticism (F=36.81 and P<0.5). Also, the results of Bonferoni's post hoc test showed that the average of the group receiving the ISTDP program is significantly less than the average of the control group in both the variable of fatigue and the variable self-criticism (P<0/05).

According to the results of the research, it can be said that the ISTDP can be an effective treatment for fatigue and self-criticism of depressed patients.