نشریه فضای زیست
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، بهار و تابستان 1403)

During the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostly seen in the residential buildings of the nobility, have occurred in all the building components from the body to the decorations. This influence was to such an extent that at the end of the Nasrid period, the architectural style of the buildings was a fusion of the traditional architecture of Iran and the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what components of western culture and architecture have influenced the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period garden mansion in Shiraz? Therefore, in the conducted research, it is tried to investigate the influence of Western architectural art and culture on them by examining the physical and decorative features of the Qajar era gardens in Shiraz city. The combined research design used in this research is the type of alignment design and convergent model. In the qualitative part, a case study Chaharbagh mansions related to the Qajar era in Shiraz city (Eram Bagh mansion, Afifabad Bagh mansion, Narenjestan Qavam Bagh mansion and Manshibashi Bagh mansion) has been done. The relevant data were collected through the researcher's visit and observation of the structures and the registration physical and decorative features in accordance with the research question. The analysis the findings showed that in decoration component, the results qualitative and quantitative findings support each other and show that the elements of western architecture are widely used in the decorative components of these buildings. At the same time, regarding the physical component, although the qualitative findings show the significant presence of western elements in the physical architecture of these buildings, according to the respondents, western architectural elements were seen to some extent in the volume composition and elements of these buildings, but they do not have a strong presence the body of the buildings compared to the decoration components. .As mentioned earlier, the art and architecture of the Qajar era, affected by the currents modernism and the changes and developments of modernism and westernism, took on a new shape and color, and the achievements the modern era can be clearly seen in the buildings and mansions this era. to be Although the Qajar architecture is derived from the traditional architecture of Iran, especially the architecture of the Safavid and Zandiya eras, but at the end of the Qajar era, the elements western architecture can be seen in all parts of the building, especially in the appearance of the building and decorations. Even the use of new materials that were used in Europe were also used abundantly in the buildings of this period.As seen in the theoretical foundations of the research, the art and architecture of the Qajar era was influenced by the art and architecture of the West and European countries, and the trends of the modernity and developments that were the results of the Western modernity era entered Iran in different ways during this period. The art and architecture of this era had an impact. These effects can be seen in the aristocratic houses and mansions built in the big cities of Iran such as Shiraz. In this research, the effects of western art and architecture were investigated in two areas, physical and decorative, in four mansions of Bagh Eshrafi in Shiraz city. First, it was found that physical factors such as extroversion, columns, capitals, and long and wide porches are among the western elements in the examined buildings, but almost all the decorative elements in the buildings are influenced by western art and architecture. They are combined with Iranian decorations.Therefore, according to the examination of the studied samples and the issues raised, it can be said about the influence of Western art and architecture on the architecture of the Qajar period mansions that the mansions built in the city of Shiraz during the Qajar era can be the most He observed the influence of western patterns, especially in the decoration of buildings, and it was such that the closer to the end of this era, the buildings were more oriented towards western architecture.

Educational spaces play a crucial role in shaping students' personalities, behaviors, and social interactions. A well-designed learning environment not only influences the learning process but also affects behavioral patterns, emotional regulation, and cognitive development in children. This impact is particularly significant in elementary school years when children are directly influenced by their surroundings. The architecture and design of educational spaces can either reinforce or modify students’ behaviors. This study aims to examine the extent to which educational space design components influence the behavioral patterns of male elementary students in Shiraz Metropolis. The research employs a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population includes teachers and parents of students from four selected schools (Fasayei-Nejad, Sozandeh-Far, Mohammad-Janab, and Dr. Hesabi). In the quantitative phase, 384 parents and 91 teachers were randomly selected using Cochran’s formula, and a questionnaire was distributed among them. In the qualitative phase, expert insights were gathered from interdisciplinary professionals in architecture, psychology, and educational sciences. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha in SPSS software, ANOVA, LSD post hoc test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The main research question explores how educational space design influences the behavioral patterns of male elementary students. The findings, based on eight behavioral components (motor skills, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, passivity and inactivity, learning, problem-solving in school, social skills, emotional issues, and obsessive thoughts or behaviors), indicate that hyperactivity and impulsivity (0.674), passivity and inactivity (0.671), and motor skills (0.612) are the most affected by educational space design characteristics. Additionally, schools such as Dr. Hesabi and Mohammad-Janab, with distinct spatial layouts—including courtyard design, separation of individual and social spaces, flexible classroom arrangements, optimized lighting, and ergonomic furniture—demonstrated the highest impact on students’ behavioral components and overall well-being.

The phenomenon of perception is the main level of our contact with the world Perception is a rich phenomenon whose phenomenological clarification sometimes requires new conceptualizations and formulations, and sometimes it is necessary to review the conceptualization and formulation of many other phenomena. The present study evaluates the architectural concepts of historical Iranian housing based on the phenomenological theory of sensory perception from the point of view of contemporary experts. The final goal of the research is to pay special attention to the sense, lived experience and architecture of the house in order to discover their deep relationship and to express a scientific method for the phenomenon of sensory perception of architecture and the perceptual experience of the house at the same time as clarifying and clarifying the extent of the involvement of the senses with space and importance. It is the characteristic of being extracted from the perceptual experience in historical houses. This research is based on the phenomenology method based on the combined method (qualitative and quantitative) and the method of gathering information was alignment (triangulation). The researcher used three methods of group interview and participatory observation, Van-Menen method and comparative study method to gather information about the architectural concepts of the historical house and the result of the research in the phenomenological study of sensory perception from the point of view of contemporary experts shows the importance of the interactive communication of building architecture. Historical and its contamination with the mental-behavioral, cultural and social implications of the citizens, which are based on the architectural concepts of historical spaces such as visual attractions and architectural values, in relation to meaningful characteristics and interaction with the experiences and perceptions of the audience of the space. The specialness of the historical house and its permanence have been emphasized in the collective memory of the people.

The exploration of architectural space within the context of cinema allows for an examination of a place that extends beyond its mere physical factors, delving into its multifaceted social, cultural, philosophical, and psychological aspects. In the relationship between architecture and cinema, the emphasis shifts from the practical functions of architecture to the conceptual aspects of place and the interaction between the human (character) and his environment, thus uncovering the profound relationship between the art forms of architecture and cinema that transcends superficial aesthetic and physical evaluations. A crucial element within this study is the analysis of the relationship between characters, as users of place, and the narrative setting of the film with the place. This analysis can test the various dimensions and qualities of place as they relate to the content of the film, the character's reactions, and his sensory experiences, ultimately conclude meaning implications of place through the reading of the subject of the film and the relationship between the subject (character) and the place. Within this framework, the research seeks to delve into the meaning of place in "Taste of Cherry" by Abbas Kiarostami, with a focus on narrative content of the film and central character. The central inquiry is how the meaning implications of place is manifested in this particular case study. In response to this question, It is assumed that the meaning implications of place in "Taste of Cherry" is intrinsically linked to the film's narrative and the character's internal musings, reflection of his relationship with existence and mortality, and serving a dual purpose in illustrating the character's leaning towards either an embrace of life or a detachment from it. Considering the focus of the inquiry, which emphasizes the significance of delving into the character's internal reflections and his experiential engagement with the space and place constructs within the film, the research must delve into the subject of space and place through interpretive-hermeneutic methodologies. Within this framework, Martin Heidegger's phenomenological discourse emerges as a fitting paradigm, as it aligns with the research's thematic interest in the character's space and place experiences and his introspective relationship between his environment and surroundings. Furthermore, the philosophical concepts Heidegger espouses resonate with the contents of Abbas Kiarostami's "Taste of Cherry", a film that grapples with the contemplations of life, existence, and the counterpoint of death and nothingness. The current investigation adopts a qualitative approach, employing phenomenological methodology. In light of the research hypothesis, the meaningful factors of place are posited as dependent variables, while the interplay between the characteristics of place and the narrative content, as well as the character's situation, are deemed independent variables. These variables will be scrutinized in the case study analysis to substantiate the direct relationship between the physical, environmental, functional, and narrative factors- encompassing both verbal and non-verbal character interactions with place in "Taste of Cherry" and the meanings they convey. The compilation of research findings was derived from an examination of relevant literature, a meticulous viewing of the case study sample, and a review of written or audio-recorded interviews with the director about the subject of the research. The result of the research indicates that a direct and profound correlation between the physical factors (form, composition, materials, components and architectural elements of the place), environmental factors (landscape, site, ambient sound, color, light, objects), functional factors (type and use of the place and the activities performed in it), and narrative factors (character's behaviors and interactions with place) of the locations scrutinized in "Taste of Cherry" and the inherent meaning of these places within the film. These factors reflection the character's internal musings and the film's overarching narrative. On one hand, they can manifest the character's disengagement from life and the diminishment of the world's value and purpose in his eyes. Conversely, they can provoke a reconsideration of the impulse towards self-annihilation, fostering a shift in perspective that accepts a return to life, imbues the world with personal meaning, and encourages a connection with the environment and others. In this way, it can be said that the features of the locations in the "Taste of Cherry" are significantly related to the dual content of the work, contributing to representation the struggle between life and death.

Urban resilience, a prominent theory in the realm of urban planning, plays a significant role in bridging the gap between theory and practice in this field. Numerous scholars of urban planning have investigated resilience in their studies and they are exploring its meaning to be used in planning operations and in governance institutions. This surge of attention to the study of new concepts by planners has led to innovation, and finally, their tendency to improve the current conditions in cities. In this study, among the possible natural disasters in Karaj, the flood is chosen because of its importance and the considerable attention to it. It should be noted that the threat of flooding in Karaj deserves due attention because this city is located near the Karaj River and dam, and there is a possibility of river overflow and inundation, which could cause huge damages to urban facilities. In addition, any danger related to the Karaj River and dam could affect the water supply to Tehran, making this disaster more important. Therefore, it is essential to identify and extract the dimensions and elements of urban resilience, and a research in this field requires deep investigation. In this regard, this study seeks to identify the elements and dimensions of urban resilience against flood in Karaj city using theme analysis approach and quantitative evaluation by Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) method. This study is an applied research in terms of purpose, and a mixed methods research that conducted content analysis on the qualitative data collected by systematic review. This study used a Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) method in quantitative research with factor analysis approach. The population of qualitative research consisted of 161 national and international papers published in reliable scientific journals from 2002 to 2022, which included the keywords of ‘Urban Resilience’ and ‘Urban Resilience against Flood’. These papers were selected as samples by a judgmental sampling and were analyzed to get a general idea of effective dimensions and elements of urban resilience to flood in Karaj city. For this purpose, qualitative research, and in particular, content analysis was conducted. In addition, the population of quantitative research included senior and middle managers, operating officers of urban planning who worked in the ministry of road and urban development, faculty members and academicians, experts, practitioners and employees of research centers, as well as PhD students of urban planning field. Of which 400 were selected as sample by convenience sampling method, using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The instruments of collecting data in qualitative research were a checklist, and in quantitative research, a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was estimated at 0.844 based on the Cronbach’s alpha. The questionnaire included 60 items that were organized in a five-point Likert scale. In order to evaluate validity and reliability, the questionnaire was sent to the elites and the final version was designed after confirming the content validity index and ratio. The electronic link of the questionnaire was sent to the sample group, who completed and returned it via internet. For data analysis, MASQDA 13.28 and Smart PLS 3.2 were used. Goodness of fit (GOF=0.818) showed that the model fitted well with data. The results confirmed presence of social (β=0.925), economic (β=0.731), institutional/organizational (β=0.863), physical/structural (β=0.797), infrastructure/physical (β=0.946) and environmental (β=0.611) dimensions and their elements in the model of urban resilience to flood (P<0.01). Moreover, the results suggest that infrastructure/physical dimension has the most effect on urban resilience to flood and the elements and sub-elements of this significant dimension are provided in this study. It should be noted that the outputs of coding process need much attention, as they lead to the extraction of initial concepts. One of these concepts is ‘Increased urban capacities’ which was missed completely in the literature of urban resilience despite the considerable attention to this concept in engineering sciences such as civil and mechanical engineering. In fact, the researchers of this study believe that this concept involves some elements that imply that a city can cope with a natural or man-made disaster, if it is organized by elements of urban resilience. In other words, if the city maintains its function during the disaster, it can achieve a state that is better than the conditions of before the disaster.

Architecture plays a fundamental role in inhabitants' understanding and relationship to the world. The focus of architectural practice on this role has the potential to support the inhabitants' interaction with the larger sociocultural reality. This qualitative research aims to develop a methodology for this relationship with a hermeneutical approach and interpretative objective (studying the comparative literature of philosophy and architecture). Using library studies as the methodology, the research was intended to find foundations and operational steps to order early scattered and incoherent materials. Data were gathered based on library research. ‘Understanding Hermeneutics and Mimesis’ starts with Heidegger’s account of understanding as the fundamental human mode of being. Heidegger’s thinking was very influential in the development of Gadamer’s hermeneutics, and this article therefore situates Gadamer in relation to Heidegger’s hermeneutic ontology. The research then outlines Gadamer’s hermeneutic ontology and Ricoeur’s narrative theory of hermeneutics. It lays out the basis of the theoretical framework and develops the relevant concepts. As Gadamer’s hermeneutics is tied up with ontology – the philosophical study of being in general – his theory of interpretation is all-encompassing. Gadamer’s hermeneutics lends itself to thinking about architecture in relation to human life and the meaning that informs it in a general way. It does not, however, lend itself easily to application to a specific example. To this aim, this article draws on Ricoeur’s narrative theory of hermeneutics, which offers a structure through which we can analyze an individual work in this hermeneutic context. The research uses Ricoeur’s theory of narrative hermeneutics to account for the productive act – the ‘doing’– and its impact on understanding. Then, it explores Gadamer’s ontology in existing architectural theory and the connection Ricoeur made himself between architecture and his narrative hermeneutics. Within architectural theory, hermeneutics is often put forward as an answer to problems within the practice and discipline of architecture. It is put forward, for example, as an answer to the overemphasis of technology in contemporary practice and the objectifying logic this engenders. Hermeneutics is also proposed as a framework through which contemporary architecture can enter a dialogue with its past and negotiate this often ambivalent relationship without falling into conservatism. Ricoeur applied his narrative theory of hermeneutics to architecture in his paper ‘Architecture and Narrativity’. In the paper, Ricoeur draws parallels between narrative as the configuration of time and architecture as the configuration of space. Ricoeur goes so far as to say that there is an entanglement of space and time in architecture. The final step in this research accounts for the development of the hermeneutic model of architecture. This is achieved through building on what Ricoeur refers to as the entanglement of space and time in architecture to provide an account of the built world as a key element of the hermeneutic situation. It does this in relation to Gadamer’s account of the temporal nature of human existence, as well as Ricoeur’s account of the temporal character of human experience. Regarding the temporal nature of human existence, Gadamer puts forward the concept of “effective history”. This article proposes the concept of “effective place” to describe how we are similarly affected by the constructed space in which we exist. This is proposed not simply as a spatial counterpart to Gadamer’s account of the temporal nature of human existence, but as an elaboration of the entanglement of space and time in the built environment. The model further develops the entanglement of the spatial and the temporal in the configuration of architecture, particularly the configuration's relationship to the previously existing structures of meaning and the rethought of these structures in light of that configuration. Ricoeur’s theory adapts well to a holistic temporal account of architecture in terms of the work being conceived in a time and place, then becoming a built reality, and finally, impacting inhabitation. The model developed in this research offers a holistic approach to architecture’s relationship to sociocultural structures of meaning and highlights the importance of the built environment to these structures. It also offers a holistic approach to architecture’s relationship to time, where the acts of building and inhabitation are part of a continuous process of interpretation and reinterpretation. Therefore, architecture must prioritize its connection to life and the human experience.

The entry of biophilic into the field of design in architecture, unlike other architectural trends, has started from the field of theory and scientific books. For this purpose, architecture has been searching for a way to meet human needs since long ago, and one of the most important human needs is the need for nature and communication with it. Therefore, biophilic design does not mean to cover our buildings with flowers and plants, but biophilic design tries, by integrating nature in the design, to eliminate the gap between traditional housing design and contemporary housing, and significantly It has influenced people's life patterns by designing based on biophilic patterns derived from traditional housing in connecting architecture with nature in contemporary housing design. The purpose of this research was to compare the effective components of biophilic architecture in the design of contemporary residential complexes and traditional housing in Shiraz city. The current research has a combined paradigm due to the use of quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to investigate the comparative comparison of biophilic components, case samples in two categories of traditional housing patterns and contemporary housing were selected by the field method, and then questions based on biophilic components extracted from the theoretical foundations of a questionnaire were created by the researcher under the supervision of professors. and the researchers were designed considering the previous researches. For this purpose, validity assessment (referring to 34 experts in the field of architecture) by calculating cvr index and in terms of reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the validity index for all questions was above 0.75 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7. Then, using the descriptive-analytical method, the results of the questionnaires have been analyzed and evaluated with the help of SPSS version 24 software. The main hypothesis of the research was to investigate the priority of biophilic architectural components in contemporary and traditional housing according to experts. For this purpose, Friedman's ranking test was used and the result of the test showed that the ranking of components in traditional housing does not have the same priority according to experts (p<0.05). Comparing the ranking of components in traditional and contemporary housing tells about There are similarities in prioritization in some ranks and differences in other priorities. According to architectural experts, visual connection with nature, direct connection with natural systems and shelter in traditional and contemporary patterns are of high importance and perspective, risk and patterns and biomorphic forms have the same ranks but other components They had different priorities. Although Friedman's ranking test determines to some extent the difference in the value of each component in traditional and contemporary housing, it does not show the significance of this difference in the form of paired comparison of each component in contemporary and traditional housing. For this reason, the Wilcoxon signed test was used for pairwise comparison of components. This test is the non-parametric equivalent of the t-mean pairwise comparison test. Also, the Wilcoxon signed test was used for pairwise comparison of components. This test is the non-parametric equivalent of the t-mean pairwise comparison test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was used to show the normality and non-normality of the distribution of the variables. The results of the data distribution tests showed that the obtained data do not have a normal distribution (p<0.05) and should be Non-parametric tests should be used to measure research hypotheses. To investigate the effect of age and education on the responses, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the age and education of people did not have a significant effect on their responses, and to investigate the significant difference of gender on the responses, Mann-Whitney test was used. The result of this test showed that the gender of people has no significant effect on their answers. The results of the research show that the average ratings obtained in contemporary residential complexes and traditional housing in Shiraz in the components of visual connection with nature, thermal diversity and air flow, direct connection with natural systems, connection With natural materials and shelters, they have a significant difference in quantity. In other words, although in the prioritization of some of these components, they have the same ranks in both types of housing, but their value has a significant difference.

There are many problems associated with historic cities such as Kerman City, including the interventionist design in the historical fabric that occurs without coordination and is incompatible with the city's historical fabric, which is one of the most serious problems. A general problem that most cities in Iran are facing is the problem of worn-out fabric, which is incompatible with modern living conditions, as well as changing the characteristics of modern cities as we know them. As a result of this, historical city residents will lose their sense of identity and sense of place, which will result in a cultural and identity break that will have a negative impact on human societies over the course of the next few decades. Architecture experts are focused on preserving the basic principles that have formed the historical fabric over the years, as well as adapting those principles to meet the contemporary requirements. In order to achieve compatibility between interventionist designs in historical fabric, it has been necessary to conduct a large amount of research in order to determine whether the interventions are of good quality. However, the various design indicators that make the interventionist plan adaptable to the historical fabric and the extent of the influence of each of these indicators on the adaptability in a historical fabric such as the city of Kerman have not been accurately determined so far. So, it is the aim of this research to identify spatial features in interventionist design that can help to provide greater adaptability of the design to the varying circumstances. In the next step, the impact of each of the physical characteristics on the adaptability of interventionist designers to the historical fabric of Kerman City has been determined, and finally, using the obtained results, design solutions are presented from the experts' point of view. In this research, in the first step, through interviews with experts, indicators that can influence adaptability in interventionist design are identified. Interviews are conducted with experts who have experience in designing historical fabric and were among the architecture professors of Kerman universities. Interviews with experts will continue until the identified indicators reach the threshold, which means that no new indicators will be added to the previously identified indicators in the final interviews. After identifying the adaptability indicators of the interventionist plans in the historical fabric of Kerman, the identified indicators are classified into 3 groups, physical shape and proportions, traditional materials and elements, and the characteristics of the fabric, and in the form of a questionnaire among the residents of the fabric and Experts are distributed. The sample size of this part of the research includes 384 residents of historic fabric and 260 experts using Cochran's formula. The viewpoints of residence were compared with the viewpoints of experts in terms of priority of indicators which cause compatibility of design intervention with existence identity in historic fabric of Kerman City. In addition, a hierarchical analysis of the indicators has also been performed by using the opinions of experts and residents of the historical fabric in order to prioritize the indicators using pairwise evaluations as a method of evaluating them. The results of the research were analyzed statistically using the SPSS software program in order to prove hypotheses and analyze the results. The interventionist design indicators were analyzed hierarchically using Expert Choice software in order to fit the plan to the historic fabric and adapt it to the interventionist design indicators. The results of the research show that from the point of view of experts, the index of physical shape and proportions, the index of traditional architectural materials and elements, and the index of fabric design features have the greatest impact on the adaptability of the design to the historical fabric, and from the point of view of the residents, the index of traditional architectural materials and elements, the index The physical shape and proportions and index of fabric design features respectively have the greatest effect on the adaptability of interventionist designs with historical fabric. Different methods show the same results in terms of priority in design intervention to meet adaptability in both expert and residence viewpoints. Architects and urban planners can use the findings of this research to design historical fabric, especially in Kerman City.

A major goal of the university education program in the architecture field is to prepare architecture graduates for professional activities and involvement in the market. Finding the accurate educational method in the architecture field to participate in the field of professional work will be regarded as the major success of the Iranian educational system. The universities and higher education institutions of the country are among the institutions that can nowadays significantly influence the growth and development of a country. The higher education system greatly affects the fate of society in the long run, therefore, higher education has a high contribution to the progress and development of society, and the university is the origin of this evolution. Thus, architectural education plays an essential role in responding to citizens' growing need for architects' services, because of which the growth of society can be expected in terms of architecture. A major mission of the university is to transfer and promote knowledge and technology and develop skills and abilities in people for employment and fulfilling the market needs, but unfortunately, no concord exists between education at universities and the market. Lack of the skills and abilities required by the market is one of the main factors in the graduates' failure to find jobs and employment. The importance of architecture education and its role in the professional qualification of architecture graduates and the current situation of architecture education in Iran clearly indicate a significant gap in our country to reach an acceptable position in this context. The current research focuses on the presence of a gap between architecture education and the profession, resulting in the graduates' feeling of inefficiency in the professional market. A basic challenge in the architecture field is the mismatch between architecture education and the recruitment and employment process of graduates in this field in the market. When an architecture graduate enters the field of professional work with the first work experience, it further discloses the lack of applied architecture education at the university for architecture graduates. Therefore, the question is raised what solutions can be determined and proposed to improve the architecture graduates' professional qualification in Iran, aiming at the improvement of the architecture education quality? The research question has led to goal-setting that the indicators should be determined and categorized to be used for the professional competence of architecture graduates in Iran. Accordingly, this study with a qualitative approach held interviews with 23 experts and faculty members of the Iranian top universities, some graduates of the mother universities, and architecture students. Data were analyzed with the content analysis technique, trying to identify the intended strategies. Based on the expressions of the interviews and the extracted codes and categories, 42 categories were categorized in the form of seven themes. These themes were also classified into the general form of research strategies to improve both the education quality and the professional competence of architecture graduates. The frequency of the categories extracted from the interviewees' views was analyzed and reviewed using MAXQDA2020 software to use the results of the research in long-term strategies. These include reforms in entering the architecture field, targeted classification of students, solutions to address educational deficiencies, reforming academic titles, major reforms in educational deficiencies, and improving background conditions and strategies related to architecture faculties. This study also seeks to investigate re-creating the role of architecture professors, improving technical and professional skills, creating additional education opportunities for architecture students, adapting and implementing education depending on highlighting the executive part of architecture and short-term solutions, including reform, the entry mechanism into architecture, and targeted classification of students. Challenging conditions of students, solutions related to facilitating architecture education, quality improvement of the educational architecture professors and special expectations from them, reducing the gap between university education, architecture implementation and empowerment, the implementation of communication strategies between education and the market, and reforms at higher levels for a higher education quality are the other goals. Paying attention to the mentioned issues at Iranian universities and educational institutions can improve the architecture education quality and thus facilitate entry into the architecture profession for graduates of this field.

This research examines the sense of memory from a gender point of view and its link to everyday life in urban public spaces. The purpose of the forward study is to investigate the qualitative components of public spaces in creating a memorable experience based on gender, and by examining the important urban spaces of Qazvin city, an analysis based on creating a memorable experience in this urban space has been tried to be presented. The main research question is about how different dimensions of urban public spaces are related to the formation of memorable patterns based on gender. This research is a quantitative and qualitative integrated method and a correlational research approach. Information has been collected by in-depth interview method in a guided manner, and qualitative part data analysis was done using theme technique and with MAXQUDA2022.4 software. Analyzing the quantitative data using SPSS 24 software and at the inferential level for model testing, the structural equation modeling technique of Amos 24 software was used. In the first step, based on the interview technique, 6 main components and 24 sub-components were identified as spatial qualitative components affecting the memorability based on gender, then using the data obtained from the citizen questionnaire and factor analysis and structural equations of the components in the form of 6 factors physical, social and native, spatial, cultural and value, perceptual and psychological. In the following, the difference in the views of male and female citizens regarding the impact of these factors on the quality of urban spaces in creating a sense of memory was investigated. The obtained results showed that there are differences in the social and native components, spatial components, cultural and value components, perceptual components in the perspective of women and men, men benefit from the configuration and design of the mentioned spaces in creating a memorable feeling in Qazvin city more than It is a women's group. Also, the results show that women see a significant connection between their rights in creating the configuration of urban spaces and a memorable belonging to the city.

native architecture; It is an architecture that has given an appropriate answer to the needs of man, in relation to himself, society, the surrounding world and nature (basic needs) and has not occurred due to a specific event, in a specific time frame, it is a human-oriented architecture and based on his identity, It is formed as a dynamic movement over time. In fact, past architecture has crystallized typological values in the concept of type and transferred it. The architect has created a link between the present and the past through the concept of type and acting based on it. This link has become a chain of interconnected links that have evolved throughout history. What is being built in the present is a link of that chain. To act correctly and appropriately in the present tense, one must read the links of a chain. The starting point of this chain is a kind of base. In general, Iran's architecture of yesterday was valuable and proud; He gave honor to the soil, and he left behind the dignity of efficiency, reliability and beauty to man, and he thought of the sublime. Today, by examining the surrounding world, a certain regularity can be seen in the complex system of nature and human mind, which is necessary to establish order and balance in life. Therefore, decision-making in different situations is required to simplify complexities from a mental point of view and to find some kind of regularity in order and disorder in order to identify and remember patterns that lead to the conscious discovery of design patterns. Christopher Alexander first took an effective step in this field by proposing the theory of pattern language, but today, despite the design of several patterns based on Alexander's intuitive knowledge, some thinkers have not yet paid attention to this topic of architecture. According to Alexander, all the buildings that have been built so far, whether traditional or modern, all of them take their shape from the languages that their builders use; And it is the language that gives meaning and concept to the structure and saves it from the resulting anonymity.The native architecture of Iran has an ancient history. In every corner of it, buildings with different architectures can be seen, which at the same time have something in common, this feature has made them need to be investigated. Today's architecture is the result of our neglecting the physical conditions of the residents and past experiences and importing western architecture without localization. The continuation of this current will intensify the priority of aesthetics over comfort and will gradually increase the use of fossil energies and destroy our identity. Therefore, the present article aims to analyze the theoretical field of the researches conducted in the field of native architectural patterns, to meta-analyze the studies conducted in this regard. Considering that native architecture in different societies can have different meanings and types of factors and patterns, therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to make a theoretical summary in the field of factors in the analysis. The statistical population is 61 articles (31 domestic articles and 30 foreign articles) in the period from 1390 to 1402. The collection of data from the articles was based on the Prisma protocol, which was adapted to the opinion of experts. After a systematic review of the articles, meta-analysis method and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Also, after the inferential analysis of the data through the funnel plot, the linear regression method if, the diffusion error and the Q test of heterogeneity, using the linear regression and multivariate regression methods, first the relationship between each independent variable and then all the independent variables in different dimensions with The dependent variable, i.e. native architectural patterns, was evaluated. The findings of the research show that among all the variables in the studies, the dependence of the building shape on the climate is the most effective variable on the local architectural pattern, followed by the variables of the flexibility of the space for multiple functions in all seasons of using local materials. And the amount of radiation and temperature has the greatest effect on the native architecture pattern.

Building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) serves as an effective tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing environmental impacts, making it critical in addressing climate crises. Despite growing awareness of LCA’s significance, the practical knowledge necessary for its implementation remains limited, posing challenges to fully leveraging its potential for decarbonizing the construction industry. This study explores the principles and methodologies of LCA while analyzing relevant literature to identify solutions for mitigating environmental impacts and emissions associated with buildings across various stages of their lifecycle. The research emphasizes reducing carbon dioxide emissions during production, construction, and operational phases, raising the question of how LCA can contribute to minimizing environmental degradation in the built environment. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study examines fundamental principles, international frameworks, and guidelines to conduct a comprehensive analysis of environmental impacts throughout a building’s life cycle. The findings highlight the importance of accounting for both embodied and operational energy in LCA as an efficient and practical approach to assessing a building’s environmental footprint. Moreover, the study underscores the value of integrated input-output-based analytical methods as complementary tools for achieving more comprehensive and precise environmental assessments. 
The concept of embodied energy, encompassing the total energy consumed during the extraction, processing, transportation, and assembly of building materials, is a critical component in LCA. This study reveals that neglecting embodied energy often leads to an incomplete understanding of a building’s environmental impact. Operational energy, which pertains to the energy used for heating, cooling, lighting, and other activities during a building’s operational phase, also plays a significant role. By integrating these two aspects, the research demonstrates how LCA can provide a holistic perspective on environmental performance. Furthermore, this study examines advanced analytical methods, including hybrid approaches that combine process-based and input-output-based LCA techniques. These hybrid methods offer a more nuanced understanding of environmental impacts by addressing the limitations of traditional LCA approaches. For instance, process-based LCA often provides detailed insights at the expense of broader system boundaries, while input-output-based LCA covers extensive boundaries but may lack specificity. By combining these methods, the study highlights the potential for achieving greater accuracy and reliability in environmental assessments. In addressing the practical challenges of implementing LCA in the construction industry, the research identifies key barriers such as the lack of standardized methodologies, limited expertise among practitioners, and inadequate integration with existing design and construction workflows. To overcome these challenges, the study proposes several actionable recommendations. One such recommendation is the integration of LCA with Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools. The research also emphasizes the importance of specialized training programs to equip architects, engineers, and other stakeholders with the necessary skills to effectively apply LCA principles. 
Additionally, the study advocates for the development of national standards and guidelines tailored to specific climatic and environmental conditions. These standards would ensure consistency in LCA practices while addressing regional variations in resource availability, energy mix, and construction techniques. By aligning LCA methodologies with local contexts, the study argues, policymakers and industry leaders can enhance the relevance and applicability of LCA in promoting sustainable construction practices. The research also explores the potential for LCA to drive innovation in the construction industry. By identifying hotspots of environmental impact, LCA can inform the development of new materials, technologies, and design strategies that prioritize sustainability. By incorporating these innovations into LCA frameworks, the construction industry can accelerate its transition toward a more sustainable future. Collaboration among architects, engineers, policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals is essential for addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with LCA implementation. The research calls for the establishment of interdisciplinary working groups and forums to facilitate knowledge exchange and foster a shared commitment to sustainability goals. 
In conclusion, this study highlights the transformative potential of LCA as a tool for reducing the environmental impacts of buildings and achieving sustainable development. By addressing both embodied and operational energy, integrating advanced analytical methods, and overcoming practical barriers, LCA can provide a robust framework for evaluating and improving the environmental performance of buildings. The study’s recommendations including specialized training programs, and the development of context-specific standards offer a roadmap for enhancing LCA’s applicability in the construction industry. Ultimately, the research underscores the critical role of LCA in promoting sustainability and resilience in the built environment.