نشریه راهبرد فرهنگ
پیاپی 65 (بهار 1403)

Policy research is a type of problem-oriented research focusing on the concrete issues of society and governance, which, by observing the requirements of dealing with multidisciplinary issues in a fully normative context, seeks to present recommendations under the title "policy" to policymakers regarding concrete issues of society. In this type of research, policy researchers identify and solve problems using various approaches, the main one being the rational approach. This approach attempts to use rational cost-benefit methods to identify problems and propose solutions. The main issue is that if think tanks and researchers active in policy research and consequently in policymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran want to use this approach in policy research and consequently in policymaking, they must use "religious rationality," which is completely aligned with revelation, rooted in religious foundations, and does not fall within the purely materialistic cost-benefit equation. Thus, the main question is: in policy research with the approach of religious rationality, how and at what stages will the various phases of policy research be influenced by religious foundations? This article attempts to answer this question by showing the stages of policy research. Neglecting how this influence occurs can result in proposed policies not being based on religious foundations and being considered a type of secular policymaking.

IN the 20-year vision document of the development of Iran (1384-1404) Iran is depicted as a developed country with the first economic, scientific and technological position in the region, with an Islamic and revolutionary identity, inspiring in the Islamic world. studying of the situation of nanotechnology in Iran shows that although this technology has been initiated in Iran for less than 20 years, but compared to other technologies has experienced sustainable growth in sciences & economics. The main factor of this development is the "Special Nanotechnology Headquarters" and its active and special secretariat, and therefore the study of policies and management processes leading to this sustainable growth can provide insights for the development of other technologies and innovations in the country. The present qualitative research has been done by collecting, categorizing and conceptualizing the organizational experiences of the secretariat of this headquarters and has tried to create a model of the role of intangible capitals in forming the organizational success of this organization in the development of nano in the country.

The use of culture and cultural tools in diplomacy, compared to other common tools and levers in international relations, has advantages that have led countries to use this potential to enhance and improve international relations. Therefore, cultural diplomacy aims to identify, define, and promote common values and interests between nations by using cultural and artistic tools. Studies show that intervenes are involved in various forms of cultural diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which can bring about changes in the course of cultural diplomacy. Identifying and ranking the intervenes in Iran's cultural diplomacy can help to better understand different approaches and perspectives in cultural diplomacy. This identification can also be effective in increasing the country's soft power and promoting cultural influence in the world. In this article, by examining the intervening factors in the field of cultural diplomacy implementation of the Islamic Republic of Iran through a phenomenological research and semi-structured interviews with 24 diplomats, opinion leaders, senior managers in the field of cultural diplomacy, Religious missionaries (religious advocates) and cultural figures involved in international affairs, these factors have been identified and categorized into 8 moderating factors, 13 weaknesses and deficiencies, 4 threats, and 3 environmental opportunities.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the conceptual space of commodification of education and its consequences. The research method was grounded theory and the target population consisted of high school students, families, teachers, principals, and officials in Mashhad city. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and data saturation was achieved after conducting interviews with 32 individuals. The reliability and validity of the data were confirmed by experts and participants.The study's findings showed that the commodification of education occurs at three levels: the commodification of learning, the commodification of students, and the commodification of teachers. The underlying conditions for this phenomenon are organizational and familial. The interventionist conditions include social and familial networks, the prevalence of non-governmental schools, and the existence of a parallel educational system. the contextual conditions consist of privatization of education and government policies. the strategic action of the target community in response to the commodification of education takes two forms: resistance and acceptance. Ultimately, the consequences of this phenomenon can be economic, cultural and social, educational, and psychological.

The current research was conducted with the aim of "providing a model to empower social network users in the field of cultural security". For this purpose, a qualitative method based on foundational data theory including open, axial and selective coding was used, using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. In this regard, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted using theoretical sampling with professors in communication sciences, sociology, management, law and information technology. In this context, 39 interviews were conducted and data collection continued until information saturation. The main phenomenon of this research was empowering users. The causal conditions of this research included: communication behavior of users, characteristics of messengers, individual and personality characteristics, cultural security in virtual structure, etc., and background conditions included: cultural information, cultural adherence, strengthening of cultural symbols, cultural infrastructure of users and ... was identified from the perspective of the participants. Also, the intervening conditions of the research included: use of native language, consequences of banning users, cultural threats, cultural damages, etc. In the following, the existing strategies include: promotion of intellectual culture, persuasion of emerging ideas, awareness of soft war, self-centered education, etc. were identified. Also, its consequences include: the effectiveness of user empowerment, the effectiveness of content production, the future research of technology, cultural luxuries, etc. were expressed in the form of a paradigmatic model of the underlying theory.

One of important features of modern historiography is understanding the relationship between agency and structures, as a basic element of explanation in social history studies. Among the thinkers of social and historical sciences, three distinct approaches to structure/agency can be traced: Activist theories, structuralist theories and Structuralism Genetic. So far, we have not witnessed a coherent effort in the field of presenting a native theory based on the roots of Islamic thought in this field.In this article, an attempt has been made to describe the special approach of Allameh Tabatabai's social historical studies in compare with social science outstanding theories. The consequences of this analyse is that allame’s socital approach is a special form of genetic structuralism. The basic foundations of this approach go back to the theory of validities on the one hand and the theory of community authenticity in Allameh's view on the other hand. In the fild of social studies it is a varieties of approaches from positive objectivism to subjective approach to social affairs. Many social theorists are in the middle of this spectrum but the main issue is combination of subjective-objective from one hand and the agency and structures from other hand.Allameh's view is an answer to this problem but what is An issue that has not been discussed so far is the combination of validity and authenticity of social affairs, how discussed; which is considered one of the complexities of Allameh's point of view.