فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 66، تابستان 1403)

This research is conducted to discover the process of formation and transformation of divorce based on Islamic sources. This research includes a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods that was implemented in four stages. We have used "linguistic semantics" method to compile the process of formation and transformation of divorce, and used "rules of principles of jurisprudence" and "content analysis" methods to analyze the stages and indicators obtained from Islamic sources. Using the opinion of experts, we have investigated the validity of the content of the process of formation and transformation of divorce. According to the results of this research, the process of divorce formation consists of six stages (pre-confusion, occurrence of confusion, confusion, separation and the possibility of divorce, preparation for divorce and the possibility of return, and after divorce and the possibility of return) based on Islamic sources. The validity of the content for all the obtained stages and indicators is confirmed by the opinion of eight experts.

The aim of this study is to compile and validate the questionnaire of "modesty" among female students. The method of this research is a combination of "sequential exploratory" and "tool preparation" model. We have validated the scale of "modesty" among female undergraduate students of Birjand University in the age range of 18-23 years old who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021; and 200 of these students were selected by “multi-stage cluster random” sampling method. Confirmatory exploratory factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire, we found 38 items with modesty components, and finally, four components explained 50.124% of the total variance of the modesty questionnaire. In addition, using Cronbach's alpha method, the reliability coefficient of the entire questionnaire was equal to 0.948, which indicates that the "modesty" questionnaire has high internal consistency. In total, the results of the present study provided evidence for the validity and reliability of this questionnaire, as a tool for measuring modesty-related beliefs, and it can be an authentic and a valid tool and can be used by all people in the Islamic society.

One of the most important questions mentioned in moral psychology is how moral judgments are formed and what is the role of reasoning, as the opposite point of emotions, in this matter. Using a "descriptive-analytical" method, this research has investigated the position of reasoning in moral judgment based on the thought of Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi. According to the results [of this research], moral judgment, as a moral confirmation, always requires reasoning and thus is a theoretical confirmation. Therefore, judgments that seem to have only emotional support are not devoid of reasoning. In addition, based on the three-dimensional pyramid of the self, which is one of the special innovations of Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi, insight and tendency, and as a result, reasoning and feeling, both play a role in the formation of moral judgment, as an optional act. Unlike many theories that emphasize on the role of one of the two factors of reasoning or feeling, they cannot be considered as competitors and one cannot be considered as dominant over the other, rather both have a kind of unity in the depths of the soul, and they appear different only in their detail. Therefore, there are complex and mixed relationships between cognitions and tendencies, and as a result, arguments and feelings.

With the predominance of the idea of postmodernism over societies, people feel more empty and feel lacking a sense of identity. Therefore, the existence of spirituality in the work environment leads to strengthening the motivation and hope of employees. This concept is introduced in the form of "Islamic spiritual intelligence" in Islamic societies due to its cultural and religious context. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of Islamic spiritual intelligence on the job interaction of employees, emphasizing the mediating role of psychological needs. The statistical population of this research includes 500 employees of the 20th district of Tehran municipality, 217 of which were selected by "simple random" method. To collect the data, the "Job Interaction" questionnaire by Leyden and Maslin (1998), "Spiritual Intelligence" by King (2007) and "Basic Psychological Needs" by Guardia, Desi and Ryan (2000) are used in this research. To analyze the collected data, "Structural equations" method is used. According to the results, the mediating role of psychological needs between Islamic spiritual intelligence and job interaction is significant.

This study is conducted to investigate the role of "conception of God" in relation to "self-concept" and "life satisfaction". The research method is "descriptive-correlational" and the statistical population is all the M.A. degree students of Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, among whom 153 students were selected by "cluster random sampling" method with the sample unit of classes. Three questionnaires were used to collect information: Beck “Self-concept” (BSCT), Greenway “God Conception” (RSI), and Diener “Life Satisfaction” (SWLS). The collected data, obtained through structural equation modeling (SEM), was analyzed using multiple regression in a hierarchical manner, and through the steps suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). According to the results of the path analysis, "conception of God" plays a mediating role in the relationship between "self-concpet" and " life satisfaction." In addition, self-concept directly provides a positive and weak prediction of life satisfaction, and indirectly – considering parameters such as presence and God help – it provides a positive and meaningful prediction of life satisfaction; and considering the parameter of negative conception of God, it provides a negative prediction of life satisfaction. Therefore, the results of the path analysis indicate a meaningful mediating role for God conception in the relationship between self-concept and life satisfaction.

The purpose of this research is to predict the marital intimacy, based on the dimensions of personality and religiosity, among married people of the Qom city in 1401. This research used a "descriptive" method of the correlation type. First, the questionnaires were made available to the statistical community in the virtual space on "Telegram" and "Eeta" platforms, and 364 people responded to the questionnaires with "available" sampling. In order to carry out the current research, three "marital intimacy" questionnaires by Walker and Thomson, "NEO-FFI short form" questionnaire by McCrae and Costa, and "religiosity" questionnaire by Glock and Stark were used. Data analysis was done by multiple regression method. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of neuroticism and flexibility with marital intimacy, and between religiosity and belief, emotional, ritual subscales with marital intimacy. And according to the regression analysis, the following factors can predict marital intimacy: the dimensions of neuroticism reversely, the dimensions of openness to experience directly, and belief and emotional subscales of the religiosity variable.