نشریه شهر ایمن
پیاپی 27 (پاییز 1403)

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial vulnerability of human settlements against earthquakes in West Azerbaijan province. The present research is descriptive-analytical regarding its practical purpose and investigation method. The method of data collection is library and field. The statistical population of the research is 19 townships of West Azarbaijan province. The analysis of research data has been carried out quantitatively using GIS software. Several methods have been used to spatially analyze data, such as the IDW interpolation model, Kernel density function, Line density function, Fuzzy Overlay model, and AND function. The findings of this research show that Salmas, Khoi, Chaypare, Chaldiran and Mako townships are in the north of the province, Takab township is in the southeast of the province, and in the south of the province, the townships of Sardasht, Mirabad, Piranshahr and oshnaviyeh are among the cities with a high vulnerability rate. According to the available data, it can be acknowledged that the southeast of the province is less vulnerable than the south and the north of the province. In a general summary, about 46% of the area of the province and 18% of the population of the province are in the area with high vulnerability. Today, following the recent hazards, especially the earthquakes, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of resilience in human settlements; therefore, based on the results obtained in this research, it is suggested to form pre-crisis management before the earthquake in centers with very high vulnerability.

This article follows the pathology of the causes of developments and how Western theories, non-indigenous patterns affect urban management and urban planning in Iran, which has been analyzed using the three-pronged analysis method to identify structural, behavioral and environmental damage and is analyzed in MAXQDA software. In structural damage, the wrong urban planning system with a factor load of 88. The wrong system of imitation of Western thought 88. No use of indigenous architectural elements 88. And the lack of proper planning and localization of Western theories and thought 86. The most important damage in the urban planning system in Iran is in the background damage, the status of the existing laws 98. Urban development projects 96. No use of expert opinions 95. Lack of citizen participation in the urban planning system 86. They're underlying injuries. In behavioral injuries, lack of awareness and knowledge of urban planners with the 98th planning system. Failure to recognize standards and localization 96. Lack of supervision 95. The culture of 91. And the lack of knowledge and knowledge of managers. The results show that the fundamental flaws in theoretical and theoretical structures are the patterns of planning and modeling of them, as well as in the field of Urban Development and planning, which are caused by the lack of localization, the adaptation of theoretical structures to the conditions of the country, and the development of the city. It's that these patterns lack the efficiency to guide development and planning developments in the right direction.

Flood is one of these dangers that cause heavy damage to cities every year. When a flood occurs, it is obvious that people who are weaker from a socio-economic point of view are more affected by these risks and will be able to recover in a much longer time. Using 54 key indicators, this research has determined the degree of vulnerability in the regions of Tehran. Then the results are spatially analyzed and the degree of vulnerability in each of the dimensions as well as the final index has been determined. In this research, the local Moran model and the Highlow clustering tool have been used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the spatial distribution of vulnerable neighborhoods in the face of floods and to check whether these neighborhoods are located in the vicinity of each other or are scattered throughout the city. Based on the results obtained from the high low clustering tool and according to the standard Z score (-3.83) as well as the P value (0.0001) in the final index of vulnerability, it can be said with 99% confidence that the pattern of spatial clustering of the values of this index is not caused by chance, so the zero hypothesis is rejected. Also, considering that the standardized value is negative and the significant level is displayed in the blue area; it can be concluded that in the final index spatial clustering has been done in the case of low values. Also, by calculating the local Moran for the final index of vulnerability, it was determined that 30% of the neighborhoods were clustered and 4% were non-clustered. No specific clustering was observed for 66% of the neighborhoods.

Earthquake is one of the most important disasters that affects cities and urban settlements and causes irreparable damage to different parts of urban areas, especially access networks. The main goal of this research is to determine the components of physical resilience with an emphasis on the access network in District 3 of Tehran. It is a library and field research, so that the indicators were selected according to the field studies and the information obtained from the investigation of the state of the access network in the strategic development plans and its comprehensive plan. The weighting of the criteria and subcriteria was done using the AHP method by filling out the questionnaire by 20 urban experts and comparing two pairs of each, and the importance of the parameters was determined according to the hierarchical analysis method with the EXPERT CHOICE E software. The results show that The resilience level of the access network is relatively low in the eastern half and southwestern half of the region.which requires attention and improvement of conditions in these areas.

Urban public spaces shape society, and society shapes urban public spaces. A suitable urban space should provide the security of different user groups to a great extent. In fact, nowadays, the success rate of an urban space can be checked by measuring the people present in the space, especially the female users, and the variety of characteristics of the people who work in these spaces with a sense of security and comfort. Security is not only a concept. It is complex, vague and variable, but it is expressed as one of the basic human needs, and other needs depend on the satisfaction of a need such as security. One of the important factors that cause women to be marginalized is the functioning of urban spaces that limit women's mobility and make them face fear and insecurity. What doubles this necessity for women is that the lack of women's sense of security is actually a threat to the value of the role of mother, wife, and sometimes head of the family, and immunity from any harm and aggression that threatens women and women's privacy physically and mentally, is subsequently transferred to the next generations. Urban space must provide security for different user groups. Fear of criminal behavior and incidents in the urban environment has effects on women and vulnerable social and economic groups.

Today, cities are facing numerous challenges in the field of spatial development. The scattered and horizontal growth of cities, along with the lack of compliance with the land use distribution system and the disproportion between the growth of services and urban infrastructure, have led to urban areas facing a myriad of issues. These include marginalization, traffic congestion, housing shortages, and environmental problems that impact sustainability criteria and quality of life. Smart growth has emerged as a response to the ongoing issues of fragmented development and its adverse outcomes. Smart growth provides various options in transportation, housing, jobs, and amenities (such as cultural, social, recreational, and educational services) and utilizes comprehensive planning to direct, develop, design, manage, revitalize, and construct communities. The aim of this study is to examine and pinpoint the smart growth indicators of Shahr Khoi. This research is applied and mixed. Due to the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, it is non-experimental. In order to identify the various dimensions of intelligent growth, a panel of specialists and experts evaluated 30 different indicators across three components: social, economic, physical, and educational. The study analyzed the results using a factor analysis model. In the first step, factor analysis was used to reduce the indicators and extract the factors influencing the rate of intelligent growth, which were then ranked. Based on the calculations, the available data were found suitable for factor analysis. According to Keyser's criterion, 10 factors with values greater than one were extracted for analyzing the factors influencing smart urban growth. In total, ten factors with a loading of 5.949 explain the total variance of intelligence growth.

Considering the expansion of cities and the indiscriminate influx of population towards urbanization in the country, the need for proper design in order to provide safe, accessible and easy services is one of the priorities in urban planning and location. Gasoline fuel supply as the main factor of the energy cycle in the field of urban transportation, as well as its vulnerability and high impact as a result of the occurrence of accidents, the need to address the issue of location and location of the mentioned locations in cities, especially in border cities such as Zahedan is important due to the specific political, social, security and economic conditions. In this research, it has been tried to take a practical look at the issue of the effect of the five main criteria that are mentioned in detail in the text, considering the specific conditions of Zahedan city, the issue of establishing urban gas stations in terms of surrounding uses by using the model Fuzzy AHP should be investigated and evaluated. The reason for choosing this method is that it is more accurate than other similar methods. The document related to this topic is included in the article in its entirety with reference