فصلنامه شهر پایدار
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، تابستان 1403)

The concepts of smartness and informality are seen as two opposing concepts and functions in urban discussions. However, the mentioned concepts may be more similar than different. For example, the development of informal settlements and their public spaces follows self-organizing and daily patterns, similar to what is found in smart developments. Smartness is evolving in the third generation of definitions and components, which, in addition to technology and well-being (present in the first and second generation), puts more emphasis on social concerns that seem to have similarities with the way of life in informal settlements. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to consider the opportunity to conceptualize smartness by referring to public spaces in informal settlements based on an interpretive approach and using the qualitative content analysis method, in which data collection is also based on the library method and document study. The results indicate that the concept of smartness in the public spaces of informal settlements with the components of flexibility, social and ethnic pluralism, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, mobility and dynamism (slow progress), transparency, participation, social capital, social cohesion and unity, local communities Active, bottom-up performance, collective awareness, social trust, supportive systems and networks, social power and sense of belonging are recognized.

The spatial structure of urban regions has mainly been shaped by the progress in transportation and communication, and structural and transportation policies have been exerted in the development of metropolitan areas. The expansion of the suburban rail network impacts suburban urbanization and the change of residential locations. It changes the density and social and economic characteristics in the peripheral cities. The present research is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is practical. The information collection was a library, and with a morphological approach, it investigated the effects of the intercity rail network on the characteristics of the spatial organization of the population living around Karaj stations. This research analyzed 6190 census blocks (1996 and 2016) through Pearson correlation and kernel density in ArcMap software. The research results show that various demographic, social, and economic indicators strongly correlate with the distance from the railway network stations, and the kernel density of the above indicators also emphasizes the spatial proximity of the densities to the railway stations. By using the results of the research, it is possible to control the spatial organization of the population at the level of the metropolitan regions of Tehran and its post-suburban development, and by linking the cities and even the peripheral metropolises to Tehran, the pattern of migration and urbanization can be guided.

In the research, the carbon storage capacity of Urmia's urban and suburb green infrastructures were analyzed. Urmia is characterized by a cold climate with a dense building structure with scattered green spaces, especially in the surrounding areas and neighborhoods of the city. The research was carried out using the carbon storage model available in the InVest software package. The results revealed that more than 57% of the study area has a carbon storage capacity of less than 2 tons, and less than 6 percent of the area has more than 30 tons per hectare, which is limited to the gardens and groves along the Shahrchai River. Soil carbon storage has the highest share with 2344.41 tons, and above biomass carbon storage followed closely with 1403.47 tons. The total amount of carbon storage in the studied area is 3900.9 tons per year. The carbon storage was highest in gardens and groves, followed by barren lands with sparse vegetation and rocky outcrops mountain’s without vegetation and soil cover had no carbon storage. Dense plants and trees have the highest storage capacity per unit area, However, the amount of storage depends on the season, so it is necessary to consider the selection and expanding the urban green spaces according to the types of plants and their compatibility with the climatic conditions and urban spaces of Urmia. As a result, it is necessary to create and develop urban green spaces at the same time as physical development, it should be the priority of Urmia's urban development plans.

The purpose of writing this research is to evaluate the effects of the development of large-scale commercial centers with the approach of smart urban growth in Tabriz. To support this goal, by using the library-survey method and the questionnaire tool, the researcher made; 65 people are experts, specialists and experts. The sampling method in this research was purposeful (using the snowball method) and the collected data were statistically analyzed using factor analysis, regression and path analysis in the smart pls software environment. To measure the variable "impacts of urban megaprojects", a researcher-made questionnaire with five dimensions with 14 components and 47 items was used, and also, to measure the "smart urban growth" variable, a researcher-made questionnaire with five main criteria and 15 items was used. The results showed that all the factor loadings related to the relationship between the dimensions and components of the two research variables were greater than 0.3, and the model of the relationship between the two variables of the development of large-scale commercial centers and smart urban growth in Tabriz metropolis was significant and had good goodness of fit.. Also, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between the five main components of the research with the smart urban growth variable in Tabriz. The component of change of use related to the physical dimension with a coefficient of 0.887, as well as the component of pollution and pollutants have the most impact on the smart urban growth of Tabriz.

Lar city witnessed a 6.1 Richter earthquake in 1960, which destroyed the city. Today, this city is the largest residential center of Larestan, with two dynamic parts of the old city in the northwest of the Lar plain and the new city after the destruction caused by the earthquake, located on the Tangeh Asad alluvial cone in the south of the plain. The research aims to investigate the physical vulnerability of old and new cities against earthquakes with macro and micro indicators and an analytical comparison of these two parts of the city. The statistical population of the research is the entire area, including all the neighborhoods of the old and new city of Lar. Data collection was done in the form of a field library, and the main data was collected from the Statistics Center and Lar Municipality census data. The analysis of the data was also carried out by weighting the indicators with the help of the Delphi technique and measuring importance with the opinion of experts, then weighting was done with the help of hierarchical models, and finally, with the data in the GIS software, maps of the vulnerability of the indicators and the final map of vulnerability were obtained. The results show that the level of vulnerability is very different among the localities, and the factors involved in these localities and the entire city are not equally effective, various reasons played a role in them, including the physical factors of the building and environmental physical factors, including services. The basic infrastructure of the city, including medical and health spaces. Examining the vulnerability indicators indicates that we need a strong and efficient management and organizational solution, as well as physical and environmental solutions, to reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience of the city.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the neighborhood of Khajehnezamolmolk in Tehran in terms of the indicators of a child-friendly neighborhood viewed from a right-to-the-city approach. The objective data of the 22 studied indicators are provided from documentary sources. Also, the data of the 31 subjective indicators was obtained from sample people of 373 parents of children living in the studied neighborhood. They are selected randomly from the households who reside here. The questionnaire contains 31 items to evaluate the 31 indicators. After comparing the subject data with the standard criteria, the data were graded in the range of 1-5 so that all the indicators were on a single scale. A one-sample t-test model is implemented in SPSS software to analyze the data. Findings showed that the overall condition of the studied neighborhood is lower than the average level (score 3). The score of 2.17 indicates the weakest situation for the indicators of the institutional-legal dimension. The scores of physical-environmental and social-cultural aspects are 2.28 and 2.8, respectively. The weakest indicators are per capita of green spaces, cultural, and sports land use, and the indicators of parents' education level, encouragement to observe cultural events, the possibility of providing children needs for goods and services in the neighborhood, and accessibility and quality of kindergartens and elementary schools. Enhancing the neighborhood to approach the standards of a child-friendly neighborhood requires a strategic program in the direction of sustainable cultural regeneration.

The housing crisis in Iran has many hidden and unexplored social aspects. Due to political discontinuity, the measures and measures of the governments have systematically increased social inequalities and multi-dimensional urban poverty rather than being aimed at providing comprehensive and inclusive and justice-oriented housing and reducing social inequalities. Is. In this regard, this research aims to model the barriers of housing social policy in Iran with emphasis on the tenants' strata and designing the relationships of these factors. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method. In order to identify factors, content analysis method was used. In the interpretative structural modeling section, the opinions of academic experts in the field of housing have been used through the Delphi method. The data collection tool is a double-ended questionnaire, and face validity was used to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. The relationships between the factors have been determined and analyzed in an integrated manner using a new analytical methodology called Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and finally by using the MICMAC analysis of the type of variables with regard to their impact on other factors. The variables were identified and clustered. The findings of the research showed that the challenge of weakness in the implementation of the rent control law with the influence of 10 is the greatest impact and the lack of definition and explanation of the examples of harassment of tenants by landlords in the field of residential disturbances and the lack of criminalization of harassment of tenants by landlords in the field of The compulsion to move with the level of penetration power of 2 has the least impact among the barriers of housing social policies in Iran for low-income groups.