Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health
Volume:26 Issue: 5, Oct-Nov 2024

Adequate sleep is important to children's overall health, as sleep disturbances can result in both cognitive and mental challenges. The global COVID-19 pandemic, with its significant lifestyle disruptions, potentially altered children's sleep patterns. This study investigates the prevalence of sleep problems in children and the factors associated with these issues during the pandemic.

This cross-sectional analysis was conducted between March and April 2020 on 270 children aged 6-11 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep behaviors were assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), which was distributed online to the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16, Chi-square test, and independent t-test.

Finally 262 were studied (131 boys and 131 girls). The mean age of participants was 8.56±1.97 years. The mean score of CSHQ was 51.99±7.85, with 95.8% (251 children) demonstrating sleep-related issues. Notably, children with highly educated parents exhibited significantly fewer sleep problems.

The study reveals a high prevalence of sleep disturbances among children aged 6-11, particularly during the COVID-19 lockdown. The findings highlight the significant role of parental education in mitigating these sleep issues, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the effects of familial environments on children's sleep patterns during periods of stress and confinement.

Regarding the probable effectiveness of adding fluoxetine to a medical regimen of opioid treatment, the present study aimed to compare the effect of naltrexone with or without fluoxetine to prevent relapse to opioid addiction.

In this cross-sectional study in 2016, 93 people with an opium addiction who were detoxified in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, were selected using a purposeful sampling method. They were randomly divided into two groups (naltrexone and naltrexone + fluoxetine). The morphine urine test was performed at the end of the 1st month, 2nd month, 3rd month, 4th month, and more than 4 months after detoxification. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, Pearson chi-square, Independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and SPSS software.

Finally, 73 patients (39 patients in the naltrexone group and 34 patients in the naltrexone + fluoxetine group) were evaluated. The two groups had no significant demographic variable differences except marital status. The findings showed no significant difference in the relapse rate between the two groups, although a lower rate of relapse was seen in the naltrexone + fluoxetine group than in the naltrexone group (P= 0.563). At the same time, the naltrexone + fluoxetine group had more positive morphine urine tests in the early months than the naltrexone group significantly (P= 0.040).

The present study showed that adding fluoxetine to naltrexone reduces the relapse rate, while it is associated with a shorter duration of retention than the naltrexone group.

Considering the destructive consequences of aggression for the individual and society and the importance of identifying influencing factors, the present study investigated the mediating role of affect integration in the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and aggression. 

In an analytical cross-sectional study, 288 adults were selected from the general population of Iran in 2022. They responded to the short form of the childhood trauma questionnaire, risky, impulsive, and self-destructive behavior questionnaire, and the short form of the affect integration inventory. We analyzed the data using the Pearson correlation test, Fisher's z test, and structural equation modeling using SPSS version 26 and Mplus-8 software. 

There were negative correlations between aggression and affect integration components (from r= -0.36 to r= -0.42, P< 0.01) and positive correlations between aggression and ACEs (from r= 0.29 to r= 0.48, P< 0.01). The proposed model fit well with the data (RMSEA= 0.07, SRMR= 0.04, CFI= 0.95, TLI= 0.93). ACEs affected aggression both directly (β= 0.42, P< 0.01) and indirectly through the reduction of affect integration (β= 0.12, P< 0.01). Also, 34% of the total variance of affect integration and 32% of the total variance of aggression were explained by the model. 

Based on the findings, adverse childhood experiences increase aggression both directly and indirectly by reducing affect integration.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of personality and early maladaptive schemas in predicting marital forgiveness with the mediation role of resilience in betrayed women suffering depression. 

The research method used descriptive correlation with structural equations. The statistical population of this research included all married women who experienced marital infidelity and were depressed and referred to the counseling centers of Dehdasht City, Iran, in 2023. The sample consisted of 162 people out of all 280 women who were selected through the purposeful sampling method. Research tools included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Family Forgiveness Scale, the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised, the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS). Pearson's correlation test and structural equations were utilized to analyze data. 

The structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data (x2/df= 2.62, CFI= 0.937, GFI= 0.919, AGFI= 0.876, RMSEA= 0.078, and P= 0.055). 

The results showed that personality and early maladaptive schemas play a role in predicting marital forgiveness both directly and through the mediation of resilience in betrayed women with depression.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a virtual intervention in a parent-child play therapy program on children's behavioral problems in COVID-19 quarantine.

In the present study conducted in Shahrood City, Iran, in 2020, twenty-six mothers with 3-9 year-old children suffering from behavioral problems volunteered to enter the study through a call on social networks. They were randomly divided into intervention and waiting groups. The intervention program included a training package of play therapy based on the parent-child relationship adapted from the Landreth's model, which was administered in ten weekly virtual 90-minute group sessions. The research instruments included Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) and House-Tree-Person Test (HTP). Data were analyzed via the MANCOVA model.

Finally, 18 mothers completed the research process. Comparing two groups, the scores of problem intensity (F (1,16) = 45.17, P= 0.001, ηp2= 0.94) and behavioral problem (F (1,16) = 34.02, P= 0.001, ηp2= 0.97) were significantly different. The results showed that child-parent relationship therapy significantly reduced the children's behavioral problems.

It seems that child-parent relationship therapy can effectively improve children's behavioral problems in quarantine conditions similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Functional GastroIntestinal Disorders (FGIDs) represent the most prevalent condition in patients who come to medical clinics with abdominal symptoms. Several studies have shown that psychiatric comorbidity, including mood and anxiety disorders, is highly prevalent in patients with FGIDs. Personality traits can cause functional symptoms in a variety of diseases. However, limited studies have assessed personality characteristics in FGIDs patients. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to compare personality traits between patients with FGIDs and healthy people based on the five-factor personality model.

In this case-control study, 40 patients referred to the psychosomatic clinic of Booali Sina Hospital, Qazvin, Iran, from September 2019 to March 2020 and diagnosed as FGIDs and 40 healthy individuals were participated. After a clinical interview with a psychiatrist, all participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The data was analyzed using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and the Pearson correlation test.

The results showed that the mean neuroticism score in patients with FGIDs was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (P= 0.000). Also, FGID cases had significantly lower extraversion (P= 0.000), conscientiousness (P= 0.005), openness to experiences (P= 0.023), and agreeableness (P= 0.000) scores compared to healthy subjects.

The results of this research indicated personality differences between patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and healthy individuals. If further studies confirm this finding, new psychological interventions focused on personality characteristics may be introduced to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders.

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and body image concern and the mediating role of self-compassion and emotion regulation in women.

The statistical population of this descriptive and correlational study included all women aged 18 to 45 in Mashhad, Iran, who completed the questionnaires from 2022 to 2023. The convenient sampling method was used to select 400 people completed the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). We analyzed the data through Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis.

The findings revealed a significant and negative correlation between the total score of body image concern and reappraisal, alongside a significant and positive correlation between the total score of body image concern and emotional suppression. Additionally, a significant and negative relationship was observed between the total scores of self-compassion and body image concern (P< 0.05).

We revealed that self-compassion and emotion regulation variables can serve as crucial mediators in the impact of early maladaptive schemas on body image concern, leading to a reduction in the effect of early maladaptive schemas on body image with increased self-compassion and enhanced emotion regulation.

This study aims to predict Social Networking Sites (SNS) addiction based on self-regulation, examining the mediating roles of academic resilience and psychological well-being.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with male high school students in Torbat-e Heydariyeh City, Iran, during the 2022-2023 academic year. A sample of 399 students was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Social Networking Addiction (SNA) Scale‎‏, the Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire, the Academic Resilience Questionnaire, and the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including correlation and structural equation modeling.

The results indicated that self-regulation (β= -0.23, P< 0.01) and psychological well-being (β= -0.19, P= 0.03) significantly and negatively predict SNS addiction. However, academic resilience (β= -0.04, P= 0.60) does not significantly predict SNS addiction and, therefore, does not mediate the relationship between self-regulation and SNS addiction. Academic resilience can indirectly predict SNS addiction by influencing psychological well-being (β= -0.09, P= 0.09).

The findings reveal a complex relationship between self-regulation, academic resilience, psychological well-being, and social networking sites addiction. These variables should be considered in the development of practical and preventive programs aimed at addressing social networking sites addiction.