فصلنامه پژوهش های ادبی - قرآنی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، پاییز 1402)

Van Leeuwen's semantic sociological model is one of the new approaches to and branches of critical discourse analysis, allowing critics to uncover the underlying layers of existing discourse by identifying the text's hidden layers and evaluating its social players.  The most often told story in the Holy Qur'ān is that of the Prophet Musa (AS), which because of its discourse system, the social character analysis, and discourse-oriented elements, one can better understand the text and uncover its hidden ideology. Using Van Leeuwen's model, the authors of this descriptive-analytical article thus attempted to analyze the discourse-oriented elements of the account of Prophet Musa (AS) in Surah Taha in order to determine how its social actors are represented. Thus, the most important question that the present research aims to answer concerns identifying the most frequent discourse elements of the account of Prophet Musa in Surah Taha according to Van Leeuwen's model, and the reason for this. The results show that van Leeuwen's discourse model is useful in evaluating the discourse system of Prophet Musa's (AS) story in this surah. Additionally, the frequency of the inclusion components (637 cases) is higher than those of the exclusion components (137 cases). This is consistent with the story's objective and indicates that the author plans to avoid hiding anything by showcasing proactive social agents so that the audience can easily and clearly learn the lesson.

Linguistic analysis is a new approach to studying religious texts, including the Holy Qur'ān, which by extracting the cultural components of the language, depicts its anthropological aspects and by discovering the interactions of language with social-intellectual structures in the texts, removes many semantic ambiguities. Different and even doubtful interpretations of meaning, such as inducing the concept of suicide about  ayah 15th of Surah Al-Hajj, doubles the necessity of rereading this ayah. Therefore, in the present article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, an attempt was made to provide a purposeful reading of the ayah and to answer the doubts raised through analyzing the discursive system of the text of the ayah. The findings of the research showed that the discursive network that is formed by taking into account the intra-textual context and the extra-linguistic context indicates the stubbornness of the opponents of the monotheistic discourse of the Qur'ān, who argue with the truth. In the opening ayahs of Surah Al-Hajj, we are faced with an intelligent provoking system that tries to influence the ability of the audience. In response to this discourse, the ayah prescribes an undoable action, and in order to stimulate the audience to negate the action, it uses emotional tension to finally prove the discourse of divine providence. This discursive system is subject to changing the situation from primary conditions, i.e. motivational role to secondary conditions or epistemic role. The primary condition is the suspicion of divine help and the secondary condition is belief in the discourse of divine providence. Here, the speaker intends to lead the hearer to negate the action (have no doubt about divine help).

By using the rhetorical technique of evoking characters, it is possible for poets and writers to express their emotions and intellectual concerns and views through establishing a connection between tradition and modernity, and by relying on the legacy of the past and making them compatible with their contemporary currents. The artistic value of evoking depends on the poet's ability to choose and interact with the character. This interaction between the poet and the summoned tradition creates the basis for the presence of social, historical and mythological thoughts in the poem. Omid Sabbagh Nou's ghazals are an exhibition of experiences with poetic imaginations, where the lyrical themes of his poetry are mixed with images and themes taken from invoked traditions. This kind of artistic expression has strengthened the persuasive aspects of his words and increased the inspirtation power of his poetry. The present descriptive-analytical research aims to investigate how the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS) is evoked and shaped in Omid Sabbagh Nou's ghazals. Omid Sabbagh Nou has created new themes and images by seizing on the adventures and main propositions of the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS). In addition, the semantic features and image clusters of his poem centering on the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS) are the result of the interactive relationship of a set of themes and images through which Sabbagh Nou has expressed his personal experiences and perceptions in the form of this story with a literary perspective along with manipulating the behavior and speech of the characters of this story with humor. The manifestations of this story in his poems were examined along four axes of the beuaty of Yusuf (AS), Yusuf's brothers, Yusuf's shirt and Yusuf's dream.

One of the theories in cognitive linguistics research, which was first proposed by Mark Johnson, is image schemas. The main point in this theory is that due to human activity, movement and physical presence in the outside world, we gain experiences through our body and living environment that help us organize our thoughts in abstract fields. The language of the Qur'ān contains valuable themes and messages, some of which are organized by means of image schemas, and the audience can achieve a deeper understanding of abstract and intangible concepts by visualizing the ayahs. Therefore, the present descriptive-analytical research aims to investigate Johnson's image schemas, that is, containment schema, force schema and path schema in Surah An-Nisa and to identify the most frequent schema and their abstract concepts according to the function of each of them in the interpretative study of the Qur'ān. The findings of the research show that containment schemas indicate concepts such as heaven, doubt and suspicion, while force schemas show concepts like disbelief, atheism, and avoiding sins, and path schemas, with the highest frequency, signal concepts such as happiness, dignity and status, respect and descending of revelation and the Qur'ān.

Influencing others and persuasion is an active and obvious element in human conversations. Therefore, reasoning is one of the distinguishing aspects of these conversations. Chaïm Perelman is one of those who, in the 20th century, following Aristotle, discussed oratory, rhetoric and the place of reasoning. We can consider Qur'ānic text as reasoning discourse that seeks to provide answers to discourses centering on beliefs such as death, the hereafter, bodily resurrection, etc. Rhetoric plays a significant role in the structure of discourses because it is linked with the use of language and styles that are related to the situation and conditions of sentence creation. In the argumentative concept, rhetoric is closely related to persuasion, and this is the opinion of many scholars of Arabic rhetoric, who do not consider it confined to the aesthetic and decorative aspects of speech, but consider it a situation-related event, which attempts to make the argumentative aspect of speech as fruitful as possible. Is. The importance of rhetorical devices in argumentative discourse is in the beauty that rhetoric creates for speech, which can stimulate the psyche of the audience. In this descriptive-analytical research, we have analyzed the rhetorical structures in the Madani surahs of the Holy Qur'ān using Chaïm Perelman's reasoning theory. The results of the research show that rhetorical constructs such as simile, metaphor, metonymy, and irony have succeeded in being effective in the minds of the audience and in leading them to the level of persuasion.

Each independent semantic field contains a focal word around which other major words are brought. Collocation is a strategy to study semantic fields, with which one can identify the exact meaning of words. The Qur'ānic word ajr refers to a kind of reward that is the natural result of human deeds but it does not signify its quantity and type. However, its collocation with different modifiers clarifies its quantity and kind. This descriptive-analytical research aims to study the word ajr in order to determine the effect of adjectives as collocates on its meaning. A review of the semantic components of the adjectives collocating ajr showed that different adjectives, although in general, imply large and abundant rewards, they also indicate the difference in the rank of reward relative to the corresponding action and its performer. Among them azim (great) stands at the top because it refers to the propagation of quality and quantity and the increase of the dignity of the person receiving it, and since no one knows its value. Kabir (magnificent) reward is a manifestation of the many blessings that Allah gives to his righteous servants. This description of the reward is appropriate for giving good news, and indicates the inherent self-esteem and respect of the reward's recipient. The adjectives hasan (fine) and ghairu mamnoon (ungrateful) that have been presented in succession imply type, immortality and unrequited reward. On the other hand, the ayahs described using adjectives karim (honorable) and hasan show some similarity with magnificent reward. Description using kabir happens when the amount is very large and description using Hasan reflects looking at the nature of that reward in terms of beauty and man's happiness as a result of it.