نشریه تحولات سیاسی اجتماعی معاصر ایران
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 6، بهار 1403)

The problem of this writing was to study how to overcome the lack of methodology in the contemporary social political analysis of Iran in order to propose and investigate and solve the problem from the method of observation and analysis The existing experiences were used and finally the result was obtained that by taking advantage of the seven factors of the current perspective, focusing on the top leaders, paying attention to the role of religion and religion on the Iranian society, turning attention to the national identity of Iran, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the geopolitical position of Iran and the governments The competitor can overcome the existing disturbance to a great extent. Key words: unrest, political analysis, contemporary developments, Iranian issues, national identityinally the result was obtained that by taking advantage of the seven factors of the current perspective, focusing on the top leaders, paying attention to the role

Failure to achieve the expected goals and consequences in the social society turns the issue of seeking the law and evasion of the law into a complex social issue influenced by legal and historical. In this article, the tension between religious order and international law with regard to the application of religious sovereignty through the supervisory body of the Guardian Council and by using Weber's theory of religion and rights, it was determined to what extent the political system can resolve this tension with the right of protection. Shariah supervision has been agreed upon. The findings show that there is a serious conflict between the rule of Sharia and modern laws in international law, on the one hand, the issue of the priority of government rulings over Sharia rulings has been a pretext for the expedient application of domestic and international laws, and on the other hand, the number of international treaties that despite There are not a few contradictions of the Shari'ah that have been approved according to the needs of the day; As a result, the function of Sharia supervision of the Guardian Council as an institution that legitimizes laws cannot be seen as effective, because this institution has caused the politicization of social and cultural rights by interfering with religious considerations on laws instead of benefiting from collective wisdom.

Tourism is considered one of the most important economic, social and cultural forces, which is becoming one of the main pillars of the economy of countries around the world. The existence of suitable social, cultural and economic infrastructures in cities improves the satisfaction of tourists and tourism. Therefore, in this article, the main goal is to identify the effective components of social, cultural and economic infrastructure on the satisfaction of tourists in Sabzevar city. According to the nature of the subject, this research is "descriptive-explanatory" that the data analysis was done in the form of qualitative analysis based on content analysis, and also, the research is in terms of developmental-applicative goal. The main tool of the research is the interview, which the statistical population includes experts in the field of tourism, professors, experts, tour organizers of Sabzevar city. It should be mentioned that the sample size is defined based on theoretical saturation and also the people in the sample size were selected systematically and purposefully. It should be mentioned that the content analysis was also done using MAXQDA. The research results indicate that Sabzevar's tourism potential, the existence of a university as a cultural potential, advertising, social capital, smart building, Sabzevar market as an economic potential and proximity to the city of Mashhad, a pilgrimage hub of the country, as factors that influence tourist satisfaction and tourism development. They are the basis of infrastructural dimensions.

Explaining the causes of the spread of populism in the world (case study of Iran) Review : Using the descriptive research method, we analyzed the explanation of the causes of the spread of populism in the world (a case study of Iran). The results show that the hypothesis is confirmed, and based on this, class differences and unequal distribution of wealth are the basis for the formation of populism in countries It is developing, including Iran, with the explanation that populism means populism or populism, it is a way of favoring or pretending to favor the rights and interests of the common people against the elites. Political populism is actually the use of people to achieve political goals. A danger that also threatens Iran due to the current economic and political conditions. Popularism or populism is a political doctrine and method in favoring or favoring the rights and interests of the common people against the elite group. In the 20th century, most "populist" movements were identified with Latin American and Indian movements, but since the 1980s, these movements have also gained some success in Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, and the United States. Class differences and unequal distribution of wealth have been the basis for the formation of governments and even populist social movements in developing countries, including Iran, and the advanced capitalist societies of Europe and the United States have witnessed the emergence of populism and its rapid expansion in recent years.

Cyber terrorism, as one of the challenges of the present era, has been introduced as a serious threat to international peace and security in most of the legal documents related to cyber security, and the need to fight against it has been emphasized. Threats caused by terrorist acts are no longer within the framework of a certain territory and have become a global threat. Terrorism targets values that are the foundation of the United Nations Charter, such as: respect for human rights, the rule of law, laws and regulations regarding the protection of civilians in war, tolerance and tolerance between nations and countries, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. The current research, which was carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library resources, aims to answer the question of what are the international obligations of governments in dealing with cyber terrorism. Based on the findings of the research, it has come to conclusion that the most important commitment reflected in the international anti-terrorism treaties is the criminalization of such acts in the criminal laws and that the member states should include the field of accepting universal jurisdiction in their criminal laws that includes territorial judicial proceedings, proceedings based on the nationality of the criminal and the victim. According to treaties and judgment, it will be based on the defendant's residence and these requirements include the extradition of criminals.

Interrogation as one of the stages of criminal investigation to discover the truth and in order to deal with personal claims or prove criminal offenses has a long history. In fact, interrogation is one of the main methods of judicial investigation in order to prevent the accused from denying or recognizing him, which is used by the judicial or law enforcement authorities to obtain evidence or to discover the truth. Therefore, in today's world, the benefit and use of interrogators based on science and knowledge, in the shadow of attending various special and specialized training courses, can have an influential and major role in the judicial cases of countries. Therefore, due to the significant advances in the field of science and technology, these authorities use new scientific methods to discover the trut can have an influential and major role in the judicial cases of countries. Therefore, due to the

The civil responsibilities of goods producers are considered as one of the main axes of protecting the rights of consumers in different legal systems. In this research, the practical and judicial comparison of the implementation of the civil responsibilities of producers in the laws of Iran and Iraq has been discussed. In both countries, manufacturers are required to adhere to standards of quality, pricing, packaging, and distribution practices for products that directly affect consumer rights. In any society, producers and consumers play different roles, with producers having responsibilities towards consumers. One of these responsibilities is to comply with the standards of production, pricing, packaging and distribution of products, which has a direct impact on the rights of consumers. Due to this need, the legal systems in many countries have supported consumers and investigated the responsibilities of manufacturers in the field of defects in manufactured goods. This research has analyzed the responsibilities of product manufacturers in the field of product defects in the legal systems of Iran and Iraq using a descriptive-analytical method. In Islamic law, there are rules such as the rule of harm, waste and pride, which are used in determining the civil responsibilities of producers. The results of this research show that the legal systems of Iran and Iraq have differences in the field of responsibility of product producers. In Iranian law, strict liability is accepted as a prominent protection tool, while in Iraqi law, the civil law and consumer protection law approved in 2010 directly address

The present article compares the theory and experience of urban politics and diplomacy in modernization in two different periods of Pahlavi II and Islamic Republic. One of the goals of the foreign policy of any country, in general, is the development of the sphere of influence. The sphere of influence also means the formation of spaces for presenceThe meaning of sphere of influence is the formation of spaces for the visible and invisible presence of a country so that it can promote the values it cares about. This article is of a descriptive and analytical type and tries to examine and analyze the policies of the governments in the second Pahlavi period and the Islamic Republic in a documentary way and in the context of the discussion of urban diplomacy.

The present article analyzes the grounds and achievements of teachers' protest rally in Baharestan Square in 1340 AH. The focus of this research is the subject of teachers' activities and their demand at this time. The main issue is why and how teachers union demands were mixed with current political issues? At first, the teachers had union demands, including an increase in their monthly salariesHowever, due to the global conditions and the domestic situation, political goals were added to their movement, and this made the teachers achieve their demands to some extent. This research shows that strikes, union organizations and cooperation with other social groups were among the main strategies of teachers to realize their demands.The research method of this historical article is qualitative, which has led to analysis by matching historical data and information. The method of editing and writing is descriptive-analytical. And it has been tried to use documents, newspaper content, and related books.

The monopoly of governments in the hands of a ruling class has become a political and general tradition throughout history, however, in every society there are many citizens who are eager to play a role in the administration through paying taxes and serving the duty and time system through elections. To have a community. On the other hand, the right to determine the fate of the people, which is one of the natural and innate rights of all nations, gives them the authority and right to demand a government that obeys the law and leads them towards a lawful democracy. In this regard, since centuries ago, the institution of Parliament, Majlis, and Senate; Mehestan and Ghoriltai were formed so that the elected representatives of the nation and the citizens could demand their legal demands on their behalf. The best tool for the realization of these dreams has been the election based on the law, which today has become a completely conventional and usual issue and is the basis for the realization of democracy in all fields. The real concept of democracy in the third millennium is the rule of law and the establishment of human values centered on distributive justice. The research method in this study was descriptive-analytical. The findings of the research prove that the right to self-determination of the people by participating in free and informed elections can be the basis for the gradual establishment of democracy in societies, relying on the law.

This research was conducted with the aim of qualitatively analyzing the experiences and reactions of women who experienced violence in Tehran and identifying effective solutions to improve their situation. The research method used in this study is qualitative and based on the phenomenological strategy, and thematic analysis method was used to examine the experiences and coping strategies of women who experienced violence. The statistical population includes women who experienced violence living in Tehran, who were selected based on specific criteria. Sampling was done purposefully using the snowball method and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis shows that abused women face deep and diverse challenges caused by physical, verbal, and emotional violence. The findings indicate that these women often have no choice but to tolerate and remain silent in the face of violence, and in rare cases, they turn to mutual aggression. This situation is caused by the lack of social and family support, financial problems, and weakness in the country's legal and support system. Abused women attribute their problems to cultural and family factors and believe that changing these behaviors is beyond their control. In the solutions section, the main suggestions include strengthening social and family support, legal reforms, education and culture, examining and filling legal gaps, and developing economic support services. The implementation of these strategies can help improve the situation of women who have experienced violence and provide the basis for reducing violence and increasing social and legal support.

As the discussion of cryptocurrency and electronic money became widespread and became accessible to the general public, the government and parliament sought to adopt a criminal policy due to the potential challenges posed by cryptocurrency and electronic money from a legal, financial, and economic perspective. In this study, which is organized using a descriptive-analytical method, the aim of the study was to examine Iran's criminal policy towards electronic money and cryptocurrencies, and the issues raised revolve around answering the main question of what Iran's criminal policy is in relation to electronic money and cryptocurrencies. The findings and results of the research indicate that the outcome of the government and parliament's stance and reaction to cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, has not been sufficiently clear and transparent, and currently, the transparency that exists in other countries regarding cryptocurrencies cannot be compared to Iranian law, and it cannot be placed, for example, under the criminal policy of absolute prohibition with the criminal policy of observation and evaluation, etc. Iran's criminal policy approach was positive for a period of time, especially until 2018, and even investment in this area was welcomed, but gradually, jurisprudential challenges based on usury and embezzlement were raised, and then two different and different stances were adopted by the parliament, and later the central bank and the government also added to this ambiguity.

The purpose of the current research is the legislative requirements and appropriate punishment of cybercrimes against security in the field of emerging energies with a look at French jurisprudence and law. Cybercrimes have been criminalized in all countries as modern examples of criminal law, but due to the nature of these crimes and their background, the criminal policy related to these crimes has not yet reached sufficient maturityThe upcoming research has investigated the legal requirements and appropriate punishment of cybercrimes against security in the field of emerging energies with a descriptive and analytical method.  Iran's criminal laws in this field from the point of view of the accepted principles and the shortcomings and obstacles present in this field, such as obstacles in the two parts of shortcomings, misunderstandings of the laws, the effectiveness of subverting the laws and the intensification of virtual attacks against new energies can appear. A new source for criminalization and editing of criminal laws in the fieldssecurity and cybercrimes against emerging energy infrastructures and improve the effectiveness and preventive role of these laws. On the other hand, the difference between Iranian and French criminal laws in determining crimes against security is due to the influence of jurisprudence and Shariah teachings in Iran in the criminalization of some crimes against security in Iranian criminal law and the lack of this issue in crimes against security in French criminal law. . The findings of the research indicate that the formulation of the requirements of punishment remains like a

Sociologists consider the most important condition for the development of modern societies to be the maximum presence and broad participation of citizens in various spheres of social life. Political participation is a kind of will of the people to determine their collective destiny. It is obvious that the sign of a healthy and growing society is the maximum participation of the members of the society in the social-political arenas, and such societies can grow and develop in the global arena as well. However, due to the importance of this issue, what we are facing today is the despair of the people of the society about their political and social effectiveness, and as a result, political and social passivity and indifference. Therefore, the main question is: What are the factors and forms of political participation and political passivity and where do they come from? To answer the mentioned question, by using the descriptive-analytical method and data collection by using the available articles, documents and library resources, it has been concluded that the reasons and factors of political passivity in psychological, political, social, economic factors such as; Social mistrust, social dissatisfaction, social effectivenessIndividual motives, ethnicity, feeling of powerlessness, feeling of alienation, empathy, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, feeling of security, feeling of individualism, poverty, etcis

abstractThe purpose of analyzing the critical discourse of music policies in the government was based on justice, and the method of qualitative research and analysis was based on Fairclough method. The field of research of the laws of the Ministry of Guidance includes the laws of licensing in the matter of music approved on 12/12/1365, the duties of this ministry regarding the need for licenses for educational institutions and concerts are stated: 1- Law on the closure of cultural units. 2- Institutions that were established without a legal license approved on 10/7/1372, their supervision regulations approved on 6/27/1375 Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution. 3- The document approved by the Minister of Culture on 7/7/1379, paragraph 22, refers to the establishment or liquidation of cultural institutions in the country and the supervision of activities, and regarding the production of musical works, paragraphs 22 and 23 of Article 2 of the Law on the Duties of the Ministry of Islamic Guidance approved on 12/12/ 1365 refers to the issuance of permission for the establishment or liquidation of audio and visual tape producers. The purposeful sampling method is selected from 87 texts. The measurement tool was qualitative, the analysis method was based on linguistic indicators, the results showed that the policies of musical stage performances in this period have tried to present music as a tool for spreading cultural justice and attracting participation, but on the other hand, with challenges such as ambiguity in Jurisprudential foundations, lack of music policy

Jihadi culture is a set of positive characteristics and values ​​of management and Jihadi managers arising from the behavior and relationships of employees, which has played a role of a model and example for society, administrative behavior, and executive and managerial procedures in other fields and organizations; in such a way that one of the functions and expectations that have been and is considered from the existence of Jihadi in the minds and thoughts of a large part of the officials and policymakers of the administrative system is the use of successful Jihadi methods in realizing administrative changes. It should be said that Jihadi culture is a general concept, examples of which include religion-centeredness, guardianship, sacrifice and self-sacrifice, populism, value-orientedness, flexibility, self-confidence, dynamism, and mission-orientedness. Jihadi culture is an Islamic phenomenon that has found an opportunity to manifest itself again for more than two decades in the history of Islam and Iran, with the two factors of the emergence of the background of poverty and deprivation and the occurrence of the great Islamic revolution led by Imam Khomeini (RA), with the mission of regional development in the rural and nomadic areas, and with the emergence of the soldiers of the late Imam. It has found an opportunity to manifest itself again for more than two decades in the history of Islam and Iran. It has presented a new framework in organizational culture by emphasizing characteristics such as religious orientation, guardianship-centeredness, flexibility, dynamism, self-belief, populism,

In the 19th century, very big events took place in Iran, and the history of Iran underwent very extensive changes from this point on. Perhaps the most important factor in these changes was the Iranians' familiarity with Western ideas in various fields. Iranian intellectuals during that period played a very important role in the introduction of modern ideas into the country. The introduction of new ideas caused changes and influenced various levels and layers of society. One of the most important changes during this period was the secularization of the state in Iran. For this reason, this research aimed to analyze the secularization of the state in modern Iran with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the research showed that the secularization of the state was developed with the authoritarian development of Reza Shah and the government acquired a modern identity. The component of the Reza Shahi identity in Iran was the elimination of many aspects of traditional culture in Iran and radical Westernization. Identity formation during the Reza Shah era placed great emphasis on the antiquity of Iran; Therefore, it can be said that the first Pahlavi dynasty sought to form a national identity based on secularism by replacing ancient Iran with traditional Iranian religious and cultural values. In the identity-building process of the first Pahlavi dynasty, antiquity replaced religion in the government and gave the government a national identity. Therefore, ancient nationalism in Iran became the basis for an independent identity in Iranian politics.

Technology and its latest achievement, information technology, has played a wide and significant role in various fields of human life, including education, and its horizons and bottlenecks can be explored and evaluated from various aspects, including moral education. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to explain the application of moral education based on Allameh Tabatabai's point of view in the virtual space. The research method is an inference of practical analogy type. In this way, the basics of moral education were first analyzed from the point of view of Allameh Tabatabai, then the skills of moral education were deduced in order to enter the virtual space. Based on this, the foundations of moral education are: the sole manager of the universe, education based on knowledge, self-awareness, guardianship and closeness to God, perfection of man in balance. Also, the goals include achieving monotheistic education and training, knowledge, self-knowledge, human perfection and the need for harmony in the development of values. The principles also include: subjugation, neglect, self-knowledge, fighting ego and congruence of values ​​and Beliefs have been explained. From Allameh Tabatabai's point of view, the skills (methods) needed to acquire moral education in virtual space are worship, knowledge, respect and compassion, development of character and character, and methods of warning and preaching.

Pre-emption Right is a fundamental concept in the law of contracts and transactions in English law that allows the holder of this right to purchase the asset before it is sold to a third party. However, the implementation of this right in practice faces several challenges. This article examines the main challenges associated with the right of pre-emption in transactions in English law. The ambiguity in the definition and scope of the right of pre-emption, the problems related to informing the right holder, the timing of exercising this right, and determining the financial terms of the transaction are among the problems analyzed in this article. It also addresses complex issues such as indirect transfers of assets, conflicts with other laws and rights, and enforcement problems in legal proceedings. This article examines possible solutions to overcome these challenges, citing existing laws and relevant judicial procedures. It offers suggestions for more precise regulation of contracts and reform of the laws. The conclusion of the article emphasizes that there is a need for greater clarity in contracts and related laws to prevent disputes.