مجله تعالی بالینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، پاییز 1403)

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women, and human papillomavirus infection is the cause of more than 90% of cervical cancers. Since the spread of this virus is increasing and currently, the program of vaccination and prevention of this virus is not included in the plans of the Ministry of Health of Iran, presenting policy challenges and solutions can be an effective step in formulating a policy brief and implementing the vaccination program. This study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, a survey was conducted to assess women's awareness and attitude toward the human papillomavirus in Zahedan. In the next step, a literature review was carried out on the challenges of vaccination cost, number of vaccine doses, and vaccination coverage. Finally, previous studies were used to examine the social and cultural situation of Sistan Baluchistan province. The results demonstrated that half of the participants had moderate to weak knowledge and attitude about this virus, and participants' level of education had a statistically significant relationship with their awareness and attitudes. In addition, due to the low age of marriage, high prevalence of polygamy, and the presence of the youngest population in this province, policy solutions are presented. Educational interventions based on new methods for the target population to prevent and raise awareness and attitude (clips, teasers, animations, and multimedia content) were designed and provided to comprehensive health, broadcasting, and education centers. Vaccination should be given priority in this province. In order to implement the vaccination program, we also need the support of international health organizations.

Social anxiety disorder is a highly complex, chronic, disabling, and costly anxiety disorder that requires effective treatment with empirical support. Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) shows great promise in effective treatment of social anxiety disorder. It is particularly suitable for the treatment of social anxiety disorder since pervasive emotional avoidance, difficulties with emotional differentiation, and high levels of self-criticism, which are central psychopathological processes in social anxiety disorder, are also primary therapeutic targets in EFT. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the new developments of emotion-oriented treatment for social anxiety disorder. In this systematic review study, a query was conducted on international and domestic databases from 2010 to 2024. To search, a combination of "emotion-oriented therapy and social anxiety disorder," "emotion management and social anxiety disorder," "emotion regulation and social anxiety disorder," and "excitement and social anxiety" in both Farsi and English languages in Magiran, SID, IranDoc, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, and PubMed databases were used. The search yielded 131 articles, of which 23 papers were included in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings were analyzed in three areas: " emotion-focused therapy perspective on the etiology of social anxiety disorder," "change process in emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety and its relationship," and "effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety." As evidenced by the obtained results, EFT leads to corrective emotional experiences in social situations so that when people face social situations in which there is a possibility of being judged, they will not have unpleasant emotional experiences as before. Accordingly, they will have less negative thoughts and obtain more positive results from that event after facing a particular event.

Listeria monocytogenes has been the subject of numerous studies due to its tolerance in cold temperatures, microaerophilic and mobile nature, high salt tolerance, and causing abortion in pregnant women. Due to the presence of the virulence gene in the heat-dependent chromosome, it becomes more severe when growing in the refrigerator. It has received assiduous attention and research due to its resistance to the low limit of pasteurization temperature (7200C), listeriolysin O production, intracellular invasion power and resistance in phagocytosis, the ability to carry out hemolysin β, and wide distribution in food. The prevalence of monocytogenes contamination in raw milk in Amol is 35%, and in local butter, it is 10%. In Isfahan, the prevalence rates of monocytogenes contamination are 19.7% in raw milk and traditional products, 19.4% in ice cream, 11.0% in cream, and 4% in porridge. In Marvdasht, it is 13.8% in cheese. In Qazvin, the prevalence rates are 10.9% and 7% in traditional and white cheeses, respectively. In Marvdasht, the highest antibiotic resistance of raw milk was against tetracycline and ceftriaxone. In Amol, the highest antibiotic resistance of raw milk was against ampicillin (87.7%) and tetracycline (71.4%), and the highest antibiotic resistance of local butter was to erythromycin (100% resistant) and ampicillin (100% semi-resistant). The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Tehran, Isfahan, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, and Fars (Shiraz) provinces has been reported between 1.1 and 40% in different years. Therefore, this study was conducted taking into account the increasing prevalence of monocytogenes in foods of animal origin and the substantial risk of an epidemic disease.

Physical, chemical, and biological hazards are among the factors that commonly threaten food safety. In this regard, biological hazards are significant. In the meantime, bacteria play a substantial role in causing food spoilage and foodborne illness. In addition, a new approach has been adopted in recent years based on probiotics and postbiotics. In this approach, the growth and proliferation of pathogens causing infection and spoilage are controlled using these compounds, which have a safe origin and significant antimicrobial effect. Recent studies have indicated that postbiotics could be an appropriate alternative to living probiotic cells and be used as new antimicrobial agents. The main antimicrobial mechanisms of postbiotics include acidification of cellular cytoplasm, inhibition of energy regulation and production, suppression of growth of pathogenic microorganisms by pore formation in cell membranes, morphological and functional changes of sensitive components (e.g., proteins and peptides) by acidification of cytoplasm, and stimulation of oxidation pathways in bacterial cells. Consequently, current scientific literature confirms that postbiotics, due to their unique properties, can be used as a new and promising approach for the growth and proliferation control of pathogenic and spoilage agents in food matrices and the production of functional foods.

Seizure is one of the most common neurological disorders, and its correct diagnosis and differentiation from other similar disorders is crucial for the proper management of patients. Given the high prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy and the current possibility of epileptogenic focus surgery, paraclinical methods, such as video-electroencephalography monitoring, are now available to accurately localize the epileptogenic zone. One of the most important components influencing preoperative decision-making in these patients is the knowledge related to seizure semiology, which is necessary for the localization and lateralization of the seizure-onset zone. Therefore, adequate knowledge of the ictal signs and symptoms is considered a fundamental necessity in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. This review article was conducted through searches in the PubMed and Scopus databases within the timeframe of 2004 to 2024. After reviewing the abstracts and full texts of the articles, 68 publications were selected. The results showed that the characteristics of seizure, including precipitating factors, initial symptoms, ictal semiology, and postictal findings, were helpful in distinguishing it from imitators, such as syncope and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. The details of the seizure semiology and their usefulness in localizing the seizure-onset zone were discussed, and relevant signs and their interpretation were summarized. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that an accurate knowledge of the clinical manifestations and signs of seizures is beneficial for both the correct diagnosis and localization. Thus, a thorough history and, if necessary, the observation of seizures by video-electroencephalography monitoring may be helpful in the diagnosis of patients.

The important role of the health system in improving and increasing an important factor called life expectancy is not hidden from anyone. However, there is a gap between the potential capabilities of this organization and what is happening, perhaps this deficiency is related to factors such as the organization's strategy, productivity, intellectual capital, etc., and these factors will be investigated in this research.

This research was carried out with the field review method. All studies and articles related to the improvement of the health system on the intellectual capital and organizational performance of the university in the databases "Scopus", "Science Direct", "Embase", "ProQuest", "SID" and databases and two search engines. Google" and "Google scholar" were searched with related keywords. Finally, 14 studies were selected. The study was conducted during three stages of screening. In this stage, the theoretical foundations and studies and background related to the subject were examined, analyzed and compiled with a systematic approach.

Based on the findings of the research, in order to adopt a suitable strategy with the health system productivity approach, things such as: productivity of human resources, use of the scientific capacity of graduates from various fields under the health system in a position appropriate to the field of study should be considered. It should be considered to promote the technical and specialized knowledge of managers of different levels, replace the elite forces on the verge of retirement, create motivation for all employees to use the maximum scientific ability and especially creative actions.Therefore, improving the health system by using effective management strategies on the intellectual capital and organizational performance of the university is an essential need of organizational management.

The growth and development of children on the path of health and natural path has always been one of the concerns of human societies. In order to achieve empowerment and self-efficacy, children need to have characteristics, one of the important characteristics of childhood is emotion management. This type of management plays a very important role for disorders, especially separation anxiety disorder, because childhood is a teachable approach, and this type of management can affect the ability of the parent-child relationship and other people involved in the child's growth and development process. The study method in this article is a simple narrative review, which is due to the changes in concepts and developments in the field of emotional management, emotions, children's self-efficacy and various disorders during the last ten years, parallel to the passage of time, the search is based on the last 10 years and in both Persian and English languages. and with keywords; Emotional management, emotion, self-efficacy, children, separation anxiety disorder, children's self-efficacy were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Science Direct databases. 163 articles were found, and after 4-stage screening, 21 articles were included in the study. The results showed that emotion management in children with separation anxiety disorder requires providing a platform for the child to enjoy self-efficacy according to his age, sometimes with the help and sometimes without the help of parents and other officials in the field of child health and education. Therefore, paying attention to the mental and emotional health of the child, along with his physical health, is an important responsibility of the family and the society. The separation of the child from the family and the child's reintegration into the society require arrangements that both the family and the society must provide because mental disorders in adulthood. It is usually rooted in childhood, and fixing it at a young age and creating a platform for self-efficacy will greatly help the child, other family members, child health care providers, teachers, and others involved in child care.

When studying the history of technology, the internet has shown the fastest growth rate, deeply impacting individuals' lives. Internet addiction is one of the fundamental issues that requires further investigation and research. The aim of the present study was to design and test a model of Internet addiction among adolescent students (middle school and junior high school) in Tehran. In the proposed model, NEO personality traits and parent-child relationships were considered exogenous variables, emotional intelligence as a mediating variable, and Internet addiction as the endogenous variable.

The present descriptive research was conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. To test the proposed research model, 360 students (151 boys, 209 girls) were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling from all middle school students in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year. The participants responded to the NEO Personality Inventory-Short Form, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale by Fine et al., the Emotional Intelligence Scale by Schutte et al., and Young’s Internet Addiction Test. Structural equation modeling, using Anderson and Gerbing's two-step approach, was employed to test the research model. Additionally, the Bootstrap method in the Amos software was used to examine the significance of the indirect effects in the research model.

The results of the model test indicated that the fit indices for the research model were within an acceptable range. Furthermore, personality traits (neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and parent-child relationships were found to have both direct and indirect relationships with internet addiction in adolescents (students).

In terms of internet addiction among students, it is necessary to consider personality traits, parent-child relationships, and emotional intelligence.