نشریه تحقیقات بذر
پیاپی 48 (پاییز 1402)

Planting halophyte plants such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is one of the best ways to increase the productivity of salty water. In this regard, in order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on different lines of quinoa, a factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design in four replications in 2018.Experimental treatments include salt stress at five levels (control, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 dS/m) and four lines (NSRCQC, NSRCQE, NSRCQB, NSRCQG) and three cultivars (Titicaca , Sadogh, Rahmat) of quinoa. Germination components including final germination percentage, speed, time and uniformity of germination and seedling growth components including seedling length, seedling vigor length index and seedling vigor wieght index were investigated.The results showed that the increase in salinity level had a significant decrease in germination traits, germination speed and seedling length. in addition, the increase salt caused an increase in germination time and an increase in seedlinvigor length index.In general, the lines had good tolerance up to the level of 30 dS/m. But with the increase of salinity level of 40 and 50 decisiemens their tolerance decreased. Among the lines, the NSRCQD line had good tolerance and stability. So that up to the level of 40 and 50 dS/m, it had the highest amount in some traits.

In order to investigate the compounds and anti-injury properties of the medicinal plant Anghuzeh on the germination of the seeds of two weeds, red root crown and wild oat, a research was carried out in the form of 4 separate experiments in 2022 in the seed technology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University in a factorial form in a completely randomized design in three replications. were implemented The factors of the experiments included two types of angouzeh juice (bitter and sweet) with concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 micrograms/liter. Also, a control (zero concentration of the stimulus) was considered next to the main experiments. In the first two experiments, the ethanolic extract was used and in the next two experiments, the aqueous extract of angouzeh powder was used separately on two weeds. The results showed that the use of aqueous extracts of both types of bitter and sweet angoose more than the ethanolic extract decreased the germination characteristics of the seeds of both weeds, and the concentration of 1000 µg/liter of both types of angoose juice in both extract. In all the experiments, the germination speed of the seeds of both redroot pigweed and oat plants was less strongly affected by the concentrations of angouzeh juice compared to other traits. In general, the results showed that the aqueous extract of both types of bitter and sweet angoose had a greater effect on the germination characteristics of the seeds of two types of weed.

In modern agriculture, identifying salt-tolerant plants is crucial for efficient utilization of saline water and enhancing productivity. However, plant salt tolerance can vary across different growth stages. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), an annual herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, not only imparts an exquisite flavor to our meals but also possesses remarkable medicinal properties and diverse applications. Given the significance of basil and the widespread challenge of soil salinity, a research study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling characteristics of basil. This experiment was designed as a completely randomized block design with 4 replications in the Agronomy Laboratory. 4 salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) were imposed using sodium chloride salt. All data were analyzed using the SAS software. Mean comparisons were performed using Duncan's test at a 5% probability level. The results demonstrated that soil salinity significantly impacted basil germination and seedling growth. The highest percentage and rate of germination, stem and root length, and fresh and dry weight of seedlings were observed in the control treatment (without salinity). Conversely, the lowest values of these parameters were recorded in the 150 mM salinity treatment. These findings indicate that basil is sensitive to salinity stress, and increasing soil salinity substantially impairs its germination and growth.

Seed priming with electromagnetic waves is a biotechnological tool and a simple, practical, effective, environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to improve germination and plant growth characteristics. In order to investigate the germination behavior of sesame plants under electromagnetic fields at different times, an experiment in 2024 as a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design with the electromagnetic field factor at 7 levels and time at 5 levels and in three replications was conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Astara branch. Sesame seeds were treated in a plastic bag under magnetic fields with intensity (control, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mT) and times (10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). The results of the analysis of variance table showed that the effect of magnetic field and time and their interaction were significant for most traits. The electromagnetic field with the intensity of 50 mT for 60 minutes led to an increase in the germination rate compared to the control. The lowest germination percentage and rate was obtained at 150 mT. The maximum radicle length, seedling length and seedling length vigor index were in the treatment of 75 mT for 90 minutes and the highest root dry weight, seedling dry weight and seedling weight vigor index were in the control treatment.

Seed germination is a critical stage in the life cycle of plants and can be influenced by various environmental stresses. Salinity stress is known as one of the most important challenges of agricultural systems, which as a result of human activities and climate changes continuously affects agricultural production. In 2023, a research study was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, to investigate the impact of salinity stress on the germination and growth parameters of sunn hemp seeds (Crotalaria juncea). The study employed a randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Salinity stress was induced using sodium chloride (NaCl) to prepare six osmotic potentials, zero, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -2 MPa, as determined by the Van't Hoff equation. The findings revealed significant reductions in germination percentage, germination rate, mean time of germination, mean rate of germination, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination index, radicle length, plumule length, and seedling fresh weight as the salinity osmotic potentials became more negative. Notably, at osmotic potentials of -2 and -1.2 MPa, seed germination percentages dropped to 100% and 43% respectively. These results demonstrate that sunn hemp seeds can tolerate salinity stress up to an osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa. However, as the salinity osmotic potential increases beyond this threshold (-0.4 MPa), their ability to germinate and survive diminishes.

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon of synthesis and excretion of compounds that can affect the growth of different organisms, plant species. In this study, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the germination and seedling growth of two weed species (Plantago major) and (Sisymbrium officinale) was carried out. The experimental treatments included different organs (leaf, whole shoot and root) with different concentrations (0 (control), 25 and 50%). A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely random basic design with three replications in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Islamic Azad University, Mahabad branch in 2014. The results obtained from the laboratory showed that the concentrations of aqueous extracts of different alfalfa organs had a significant effect on the germination characteristics such as percentage, speed and average germination of the two weed species under study. Also, the growth characteristics of dry weight and length of root and shoot were affected by different concentrations of aqueous extracts of alfalfa plant organs. Increasing the concentration of aqueous extract of alfalfa decreased the germination characteristics of weed seeds of barhang and gadomeh. The characteristics of dry weight of root and stem, length of root and stem showed a sharp decrease in 25%, and this decrease was more in aqueous extract prepared from alfalfa root. In general, it was observed that the aqueous extract of alfalfa root had a negative effect on the germination of the seeds of two weeds,