نشریه پژوهش و نوآوری در آموزش ابتدایی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، پاییز و زمستان 1403)

The current research was conducted with the aim of educational design based on gamification for emotional scaffolding and determining its effect on the academic performance of fifth grade students in social studies.

To achieve the goal of the research, the study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. First, by searching reliable databases and screening the results according to keywords until 2024, appropriate strategies of emotional scaffolding based on gamification to improve academic performance according to the academic motivation component following the selected model for gamification  were obtained using qualitative method and appropriate activities was designed accordingly. The statistical community in this research was fifth-grade female students from Tehran in 2023-2024, based on the available sampling,  from which 70 were  selected. They were  randlomly divided into two experimental and control groups (36-34 people). The new method was conducted for the experimental group during 9 sessions while the comparison group was  taught with  the same goals using common teaching method. The research tool was the performance test of the lesson of  social studies.

Data analysis using the inferential statistics method  by covariance analysis tests.

. The findings of the research showed that the difference between the post-test scores in the experimental and comparison groups is significant and the educational design based on gamification in order to build emotional scaffolding has a positive effect (41%) on the academic performance  of the students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic motivation in predicting students' academic engagement based on self-efficacy and academic optimism in sixth grade students of elementary school.

The participants included 322 people (164 boys and 158 girls) from the sixth grade students of the four primary districts of Shiraz, who were selected based on the random cluster sampling method and the academic self-efficacy scale of Patrick, Hicks and Ryan, (1997), Schennen-Moran et al.'s academic optimism questionnaire (2013), Rio and Tseng's academic engagement questionnaire (2011) and Harter's academic motivation scale (1981) were completed. Path analysis method was used to test the research hypotheses.

The results of the research showed that the variables of academic self-efficacy and academic optimism have a significant direct effect on academic engagement. In addition, academic motivation plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic optimism with academic engagement.

In general, the results of the present study confirmed the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic optimism concerning academic involvement, and the theoretical and practical implications of thesefindings were discussed. From a theoretical perspective, this research represents a step toward expanding the existing knowledge regarding academic conflict and the factors that influence it. By implementing well-structured and written educational protocols focused on academic optimism and self-efficacy, more help should be given to promote the motivation and academic engagement of students..

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of origami-based learning and functional test on the creativity and self-esteem of elementary school students with learning disabilities in Ardel city.

This research is a semi-experimental study including two stages of pre-test and post-test and in two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes sixth grade male students with learning disabilities in Ardel city, a sample of 30 qualified volunteers was selected by purposive sampling without placement and in two experimental and control groups, taking into account the conditions of homogeneity based on their demographic characteristics. Is. Torrance form B questionnaire and Smith self-esteem questionnaire were used as research tools. The content validity of both questionnaires has been confirmed by 10 psychometric experts and psychology professors. Cronbach's alpha method (using SPSS software) was used to measure the reliability, and the reliability of the Torrance Form B questionnaire was 0.69 and the reliability of the Cooper self-esteem questionnaire was 0.91. The assumption of the covariance analysis model with the maximum significance level of 0.05 was done with SPSS software.

The results of the analysis of covariance show that the effects of learning origami on creativity (P=0.011) and self-esteem (P=0.0001) have increased significantly.

Origami training and its learning among elementary school boys with learning disabilities can affect creativity and self-esteem and increase students' attention and concentration in answering the questions of attention and concentration tests and increase their performance.

 As a newly emerged technology, metaverse is still an unknown research topic. This study thus aims to design the efficiency model of metaverse in researcher students' education. 

 This applied research was conducted using a research synthesis method. The research population consists of documents retrieved by searching authentic Latin and Persian databases (Web of Science، Scopus، ACM، Emerald، Google Scholar، IEEE، ScienceDirect، Springer، Taylor and Francis، Wiley Online Library، ISC، Magiran، Noor Mags، Barakat Knowledge Network،Iranian Scientific Information Database، IranDoc)(all documents in the area of education published until June 13, 2024). Out of 100 resources, 27 were selected using a criterion sampling method.  Theoretical saturation of components was reached in the 21st sample. In order to gather data, the library research method was used. The collected data were then analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Finally, the proposed model validation was done by sending a questionnaire to six experts, who were selected via a purposive sampling method, and the model was approved. 

 To design a model incorporating six principal components, we focused on the following elements: the provision of an advanced learning environment, adaptation to the individual needs of learners, broad access to real, promotion of knowledge and a research oriented minset, optimization and measurement of the educational process and enhancing students motivation and active participation 

 The results indicated that the metaverse can serve as a powerful tool for developing.

Background and goals: 

due to its undeniable role and importance, mathematics course, if it is not paid attention to; many weaknesses will be noticed in the students' learning, and the students who have weaknesses in this field, will have difficulties in their education and related issues. They will have problems in choosing their field as well as their field of work. Based on this, this study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the interactive educational game on communication skills and solving mathematical problems of elementary school students in Kermanshah city.

The method of this study is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its implementation, it is part of semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design. The population of this study included all primary school students of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1402-1403. The sampling method was a random cluster in such a way that 30 people were randomly selected from among the schools of Kermanshah city, elementary schools, one school from among the elementary schools, and one class among the elementary classes. A group of 15 people (test and control) were placed. In order to collect data, the mathematical problem solving test and the children's communication skills questionnaire of Barton G (1990) were used, the validity based on the face validity method and the reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was reported as 87%.

The results showed that the interactive educational game has an effect on communication skills and math problem solving of elementary school students in Kermanshah city.

Based on the findings, interactive educational games can have an effect on communication skills and solving math problems of elementary school students in Kermanshah, and based on this, it is suggested that interactive games be used in the education of students..

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of attachment styles in the relationship between the feeling of psychological cohesion with social adjustment and the level of quality of school life of in the upper grades of elementary school.

This study employs a descriptive – correlational research design using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consists of female elementary school students in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic years. A total of 401 individuals were selected through cluster sampling to complete questionnaires on midlife attachment by Ronagi et al. (1392), Antonovsky's sense of coherence (1987), Matson's social adjustment and skills (1983), and Anderson and Burke's quality of school life (2000). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the research hypotheses were tested.

The findings of this research indicate that an increase in the sense of psychological coherence is associated with a rise in the students' secure attachment styles and a decrease in barriers to social adaptation. Conversely, a lack of psychological coherence along with an increase in anxious and avoidant attachment styles leads to a decline in students' perceptions of the quality of their school life. Furthermore, attachment styles play a significant mediating role in the relationship between the sense of psychological coherence, social adjustment and the overall quality of students' school life.

It can be concluded that paying attention to children's attachment styles enhancing their adaptability and a sense of coherence and ensuring a high quality of school life are of great importance.

Creative education methods strengthens students' deeper understanding of concepts, critical thinking and motivation to learn. Based on this, the current research aimed to design and implement dramatic theater techniques and evaluate their effect on self-control and academic adaptation.

This research was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design and involving experimental and control groups, on 40 male students of the second grade of elementary school in Juibar city in 2023-2024, who were randomly selected and placed in two groups of 20. using Tanji  Self-Control Scale and Baker and Seriak's academic adjustment as measurement tools, mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used, and covariance analysis was performed to generalize the results.

that the use of dramatic theater technique in primary education has a positive effect on students' self-control and academic adjustment. This effect was more evident in the case of academic adjustment (90%) and in the case of self-control (31%)..

Dramatic theater is an effective way to improve self-control skills and academic adaptation of second grade students in science. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers use the dramatic theater technique in science classrooms if possible to make students' learning more sustainable, and more enjoyable.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of motor skills development on self-esteem and physical activity.

This research is a semi-experimental method and has an applied purpose. The statistical population of this research was made up of all male students aged 7 to 10 in the elementary school of Mazandaran province in the academic year of 2021-2022, and a simple random sampling method was used to determine the sample size. In this study, 30 students were selected in two groups of 15 control and  experimental group. Data collection tools included the Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire - Short Form (1967) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (IPAQ). The experimental group was trained for 36 sessions and each session lasted 30-45 minutes with the selected training program. Descriptive statistics and two-way analysis of variance were used to covariance.

The results showed that the development of movement skills had an effect on the self-esteem and the amount of physical activity of the students, but the research groups in the pre-test had lower scores in the variable of self-esteem compared to the post-test, but no significant difference was observed between the groups (05 P < 0.00) and this effect was not significant on the variable of physical activity (P < 0.05).

The authorities in charge of education and school administrators must strive to design guidelines for creating a healthy and suitable environment for education and developing health-oriented programs.

The achievement of educational goals requires specialized and efficient staff and The efficiency of educational systems is affected by the performance of teachers, therefore, the Farhangian University which deals with the teaching of student teachers, should plan on empowering student teachers so that they can play a facilitating role in the development of the educational system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between communication skills, mental health and life expectancy with resilience in female student-teachers of the elementary school of Farhangian University.

The research method was correlational and The study population included all the female undergraduate students-teachers of Tehran's Nasibah Campus in the academic year of 2023 from which 327 people were selected by using Morgan's table and based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of academic resilience (Samuels & Woo, 2002), mental health (Goldberg, 1972), Communication Skills (Jerabek, 2004) and Academic Hope (Khormaei & Kamari, 2017) were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was examined separately using Cronbach's alpha method and the construct validity of the questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 25 and Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression Analyses.

The results showed that the variables of communication skills, mental health and life expectancy can predict the resilience of student teachers (p<0.05).

In general, the results indicated the role of communication skills, mental health and life expectancy in predicting student-teacher resilience, and the results can be part of Farhangian University's empowerment programs for student teachers.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of Mandala coloring on writing and rumination styles of students applying for the sixth grade gifted entrance exams.

The method of semi-experimental research was pre-test, post-test. The statistical population of the research was the students who applied for the sixth grade gifted entrance exams in Bukan City in the academic year of 2022-2023, of whom 30 people were selected as a sample using the random sampling method and randomly selected in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The data were collected with Hoeksma and Maro's Attributional Styles Questionnaire (ASQ) and rumination. To check the form and content validity of the questionnaires, the opinions of seven experts in educational sciences were used and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires. The research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean scores of documentation and rumination styles in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. Mandala coloring has an effect on the writing and rumination styles of students applying for the 6th grade gifted entrance exams.

Therefore, it can be concluded that mandala art therapy can be used as an effective non-drug strategy to reduce rumination and negative attributions.

The teaching styles that teachers choose are influenced by various factors. Therefore, the aim of ‎the present ‎research is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and information-‎seeking ‎behavior with the preferred teaching style of elementary school teachers in the city of Sanandaj, ‎considering ‎the mediating role of teacher creativity‏.‏

The present study employs a descriptive-correlational research design using the structural equation modeling ‎method. ‎Statistical population for this research consists of all elementary school teachers in the city of ‎Sanandaj who ‎were active during the 2023-2024 academic year, totaling 1672 individuals according to ‎available ‎statistics. A sample size of 300 was determined using the convenience sampling method. ‎Participants ‎responded to the Knowledge Management Questionnaire by Probst et al. (2000), the Abedi ‎Creativity ‎Questionnaire (1986), the Information Behavior Questionnaire by Hsu et al. (2009), and the ‎Preferred ‎Teaching Style Questionnaire by Moosapour (1998). For data analysis, correlation coefficients ‎and ‎structural equations were utilized using SPSS and Lisrel software‎.

The research findings indicate that knowledge management and information-seeking behavior have ‎‎a notable  relationships with creativity and preferred teaching styles. Additionally, creativity also has a ‎‎significant relationship with preferred teaching styles. Moreover, creativity plays a mediating role between ‎‎knowledge management and preferred teaching styles, as well as between information-seeking behavior and ‎‎preferred teaching styles. The research also demonstrates a good fit‏ .

Knowledge management and information-seeking behavior, by providing knowledge and ‎informational ‎resources, lead to greater access to new and creative ideas in teaching and enhance teachers' ‎inclination ‎towards using student-centered teaching styles.

the effectiveness of the 5E teaching model on the enthusiasm and academic performance in the experimental science course of Sixth grade students.In the present study, the variable of enthusiasm and academic performance is the dependent variable, and teaching in an achievement way is the independent variable.

The statistical population of the research is all sex grade students in serableh city, whose number is equal to 250 students. The sample size in this research is equal to 40 students (20 students in the control group and 20 students in the experimental group), which were selected by simple random sampling.The data collection tool in this research was 5Et model training sessions, Shafli et al.'s (2002) academic enthusiasm questionnaire, Pham and Taylor's (1999) academic performance questionnaire for statistical analysis of information from inferential statistical methods such as Mankova method and variance analysis and livien were used.

The results showed that the 5E teaching model has increased the enthusiasm and academic performance in the experimental science course of sixth grade students. So that the 5E teaching model caused a 69persent increase in automatic achievement, a 19p increase in planning and a 30p increase in motivation .

Therefore, the 5E teaching model canbe effective in the sustainable learning of elementary students in science lesson and in recommended to teachers as an effective method to increase the power ofunderstanding content at two levels of application and knowledge synthesis in elementary school.Finally,this model has the necessary effectiveness to increase the enthusiasm of students,so it is a suitable model and material for teaching science lessons.