فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 109 (زمستان 1402)

In advanced judicial systems, stakeholder involvement serves as a critical component of operational efficiency, facilitating the resolution of conflicts within judicial institutions. Participation is widely recognized as a fundamental indicator of political and social development, playing an essential role in the advancement of society. Accordingly, the objective of the present research is to identify and categorize strategies aimed at encouraging the participation of both the general public and elites in the judicial system, employing a content analysis methodology. The data collection process was conducted on a cross-sectional basis. Fifteen university professors, researchers, and judiciary staff from various departments were selected through purposive sampling, utilizing the maximum diversity technique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather insights. The resulting data were subjected to thematic analysis, with the process of participant selection, interviewing, and data analysis continuing until theoretical saturation was reached. In the initial phase of analysis, 97 primary codes were identified, which were subsequently condensed into 49 basic themes. These basic themes then gave rise to six organizing themes, which were ultimately grouped into two overarching themes. The findings of the research suggest that strategies for enhancing the participation of both the public and elites within the judicial system can be systematically categorized into six thematic domains: structural, contextual, managerial, individual, cultural-interpersonal, and legal.

As the Internet has expanded and public interest in virtual spaces has grown, countries around the globe have implemented various policies in this area. Acknowledging the importance of this issue, the Islamic Republic of Iran has also developed policies pertaining to cyberspace, as evidenced by the "Strategic Document of the Islamic Republic of Cyberspace," which serves as a foundational guideline. Despite the emergence of numerous analyses on this topic, many of these works reveal significant shortcomings. This research seeks to identify the missing components within Iran's virtual space policy framework to cultivate a perspective that effectively aligns with these policies and achieves the intended objectives. The methodology adopted in this study is descriptive-analytical, relying on documentary and bibliographic resources. This article draws upon the theoretical framework articulated by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, who has consistently underscored the importance of public participation in national affairs. It critiques the directive nature of current policies and the dominant top-down approach. The findings suggest that policymakers' disregard for crucial elements such as "persuasion," "legitimization," and "feedback" within the policy cycle—factors that the Supreme Leader has consistently emphasized—has hindered the ability to cultivate public satisfaction and has contributed to limited success in this domain.

This study investigates the influence of two cognitive biases—the Halo Effect and Anchoring Cognitive Error—on the performance of urban leaders, with a specific focus on their implications for urban governance. Utilizing a mixed-methods qualitative approach, the research centers on a case study involving district mayors in the Tehran Municipality, employing purposive sampling techniques. Data collection for the qualitative component involved a thorough examination of pertinent texts, along with 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with urban leaders. The interviews were concluded upon reaching theoretical saturation. The findings indicate that the Halo Effect may lead urban leaders to overlook significant issues and potential criticisms, including instances of employee corruption and legal infractions. Similarly, the Anchoring Cognitive Error adversely affects decision-making by fostering intuitive judgments, limiting comprehensive understanding of issues, hindering stakeholder engagement, and resulting in erroneous prioritization. Such intuitive decision-making can stem from excessive self-confidence and reliance on personal judgment, while cognitive errors manifest as improper prioritization and inadequate resource management. This research highlights the necessity for urban leaders to address these cognitive biases to improve their decision-making processes and actions. The findings suggest that the Halo Effect may arise from structural challenges and managerial inadequacies, potentially linked to insufficient support from higher authorities or biased thinking that overlooks the principles of justice and dynamism within the governance framework. Furthermore, the study identifies five key factors contributing to Anchoring Cognitive Error: reliance on intuitive decision-making, a lack of a comprehensive understanding of issues, deficiencies in stakeholder interaction, neglect of intelligent management in response to rapid environmental changes, and incorrect prioritization coupled with resource management deficiencies. In conclusion, enhancing the performance of urban leaders necessitates structural reforms, increased awareness of the factors influencing decision-making and actions, and adaptability within the governance system. Urban leaders should proactively address cognitive errors, particularly the Halo Effect and Anchoring, by integrating awareness of these biases into their decision-making processes, ultimately aiming to improve policy implementation.

The desirable electoral system of the Islamic Council is one of the most important issues that has always been the concern of policy makers, legislators and the legal community. This importance caused the notification of the general election policies in 2015 to specify the necessary criteria for amending the law of the parliament elections. Examining the background of this issue shows that in the context of the parliamentary electoral system, the identification of the ideal model based on general election policies has not been investigated so far, and for this reason, this work qualifies as innovative. Also, considering the position of the general policies of the system in the normative hierarchy of the country, which according to Article 110, Clause 2 of the Constitution, is under the authority of that authority to supervise their proper implementation, and that based on Clause 15 of the General Legislation-Information Policies of 2018- Obviously, one of the priorities of legislation by the Islamic Council should be the implementation of general policies, the subject of this article is considered a necessity. In this article, descriptive-analytical method is used. The results of this research show that the single-seat majority electoral system has been introduced as a desirable model and is more compatible with the electoral criteria mentioned in general election policies, whose legislative preparations have also been proposed in the government and parliament.

The pursuit of establishing a new Islamic civilization and countering prevailing deviant discourses requires a nuanced understanding of power, firmly rooted in religious principles and aligned with authentic human experiences. This necessitates the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework. This research leverages the jurisprudential teachings of Imam Khomeini (may his soul be sanctified) and his interpretation of the hadith "The Three Knowledges" to explore the meaningful relationships among the three levels of humanity, the three domains of jurisprudence, and the three principal areas of vital sciences. The interconnections among these elements and their multifaceted impacts form the foundation of this study and contribute to the construction of a "jurisprudential theoretical framework." By integrating power within this framework, the concept of "jurisprudential power" is introduced, providing the basis for the "formulation of jurisprudential power." This article elaborates on the definitions of the various fields of jurisprudence, examines their thematic elements, and delineates their respective missions and functions in both individual and societal contexts. Additionally, it analyzes the six-dimensional effects of these fields of jurisprudence, addressing both their reinforcing and diminishing influences. The findings yield a novel conceptualization of the semantic system, hierarchies, missions, objectives, examples, and effects of power, collectively referred to as the "theoretical framework of jurisprudence," with the aim of promoting humanization and civilization. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by comprehensive library research.

The war in Ukraine has had significant results and consequences on the international system. The highly economic nature of the contemporary world has increased the focus of these consequences on the economic field. However, in the analytical studies, generally the peripheral regions of Russia and especially Europe have been the basis of the analysis of these outputs. The effect of this war on other areas has been less noticed. From this point of view and considering the unique geo-economic position of the Islamic Republic of Iran among several important regions including Central Asia, Russia, South Asia, South Caucasus, Iraq and Shamat, and the Persian Gulf, this article tries to find out how, level, direction And the depth of this influence should be investigated. In this framework, the question of the present article is based on the fact that in the field of energy and transit, what effect will the war in Ukraine have on the geo-economic position of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In response to the findings of this article, it shows that in the field of Iran's role in transit corridors, alternative capabilities for oil export, as well as potential capacities in energy transfer and gas export, the war in Ukraine has led to the strengthening of the geo-economic position of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research was conducted using a qualitative method based on content analysis and theoretical conceptualization of geo-economy and inter-regional networks and a descriptive-analytical approach.