نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد صنعتی
پیاپی 27 (بهار 1403)

Productivity and competition in manufacturing industries have a vital role in economic growth and development. In each industry, various firms compete with each other and have different productivity level (productivity dispersion). Theoretically, there is a negative relationship between productivity dispersion and competition in an industry. To examine this relationship in the country's manufacturing industries, first, the total factor productivity at the firm level with 4-digit ISIC codes was estimated using the Mollisi and Ravigati method in 2017. Then, productivity dispersion at the industry level with 2-digit ISIC codes was calculated using the Gini inequality index. The competitive behavior of industries at the 2-digit level of the ISIC code was also obtained based on the John Boone index in 2008 as a new method for calculating the size of competition and monopoly for the average period of 2016 to 2020. Then, the relationship between these two variables was analyzed. Finally, the most important findings of the article showed that there is no significant negative relationship between competition and the dispersion of factor productivity in Iran’s manufacturing industries, and they are statistically independent.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the effect of export shocks on innovation decisions and patent inventory in Iranian manufacturing industries. This research consists of two steps: 1) calculating the export shock index through exploratory factor analysis modeling and extracting the time series of the export shock index and 2) examining the effect of export shocks on the stock of patents and innovation decisions in manufacturing industries. Iran, based on ISIC-4, in the classification of Iran's economic activities in 2011 through VAR regression was done for the period from 2008 to 2023. The findings of the research showed that the stock of patents had an effect of 1.39 on export shocks, while export shocks had an effect of 0.20 on the stock of patents. Other findings show that the effect of innovation on export shocks is equal to 0.78, while the effect of export shocks on innovation is equal to 0.14. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between patent stock and export shocks, as well as innovation and export shocks for Iran's manufacturing industries. In addition, the investigation of the interrelationship between innovation and the effect of export shocks on the decision to innovate in Iranian manufacturing industries showed that export shocks and innovation had a mutual relationship; In this way, innovation affected export shocks by 0.292 and export shocks affected innovation by 0.0000492.

The realization of foreign direct investment in the form of joint venture contracts, with many benefits for the host country, requires the necessary alignment between two economies (the country of origin and host) with different characteristics. According to the theoretical literature, it is expected that the sanction of the host country as a factor of increasing risk and uncertainty has a positive effect on attracting foreign investment in the form of joint ventures, but its effect can be decreased by factors such as the weakness of the legal infrastructure and transparent legal procedures of the host country. In the present study, an appropriate framework is investigated for attracting foreign direct investment based on partnership with local investors under the conditions of Iran’s industry sanction. This study was done using the Bayesian vector autoregression  (BVAR) model. Based on the results of this study, a substantial difference in the investment behavior of the developed countries' subsidiary companies and the subsidiaries companies and individuals of the developing countries in the region is evident. According to the results, the sanction of the host country causes a decrease in the desire to enter the industry sector in the form of joint investment, but its effect depends on the effect of other variables such as market size, governance efficiency and commercial openness on the attracting foreign direct investment in the form of Joint venture is less.

One of the most important necessities of every country's economy is to identify the economic sectors with high job creation capacities and at the same time to adopt appropriate policies to create employment and job opportunities. In the meantime, the exhibition industry, as one of the economic activities that plays a significant role in the process of creating and increasing employment, is the focus of this study in order to evaluate the job creation potential of this industry in Iran using the input-output table in 2016. The results of this study showed that the activities: Rental services of machinery and equipment without operator and personal and household goods, other support services, repair and maintenance services of machinery and transport equipment, services related to sewage and waste disposal, environmental health and other services related to environmental protection, police services and fire department, art services, libraries and museums, travel agencies services, residential buildings, other scientific, technical and professional services, government administrative services, and transportation support services have the greatest impact on job creation potential of the exhibition industry.

In this study, the effect of the components of the corporate governance system on the financial soundness of 12 banks in Iran during the period 2006-2023 was investigated using unbalanced panel data and fixed effects. In the present study, the CAMELS composite index has been used as a representative of the banking soundness index. The survey results have shown that among the corporate governance system's components, only the independent directors variable has a positive effect on the financial soundness. In contrast, the size of the board of directors, the number of meetings of the board of directors, the number of meetings of the audit committee, the duality of the CEO, and the number of meetings of the risk monitoring committee have a negative impact on the financial soundness of banks. In general, it can be expressed that the corporate governance system does not have a desirable effect on the financial soundness of the studied banks in Iran, which can be caused by the lack of real establishment of the corporate governance system in the country's banking system, especially in private and privatized banks, the absence of a correct strategy, corporate governance, lack of monitoring mechanisms, lack of proper transparency and effective accountability regarding information disclosure, poor management of assets and liabilities, etc.