فهرست مطالب

Journal of Radar and Optical Remote Sensing
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2024

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1403/09/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Maliheh Zakeriyan*, Fatima Aminipour Pages 7-21

    Urban population growth and widespread environmental changes and concrete landscapes have driven many elements of the metropolis closer to exhaustion. This changed the appearance and body of the city, causing the erosion of urban space and urban activities. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the improvement and renovation projects in Yazd city with tourism approach. This study uses observations and literature research of Yazd city, collection of information and statistics, review and evaluation of improvement and modernization plans, and interviews and questions from relevant experts and residents living in Yazd. The area investigated in this study is the city of Yazd, where there are over 4,000 hectares of used textiles in Yazd province, of which about 2,600 hectares are located in the historical city of Yazd, and the rest in the historical Neighboring city of Yazd. The main problem of the quality of life in these areas is the lack of social dignity in other urban areas, although the extent of benefiting these areas from urban services is comparable to other city centers. Also, in urban services, the worn-out fabric is the wear and tear of facilities, especially the accesses, because in the network of connecting roads, the worn-out fabric of the roads must communicate with other urban areas and is important for tourism in this city. These axes are well-suited in a dynamic environment, catering to the needs of tourists visiting the city. Yazd city's strong points, such as the abundance of historical and tourism elements, its central and accessible location, the promotion of culture through its historic neighborhoods, and its potential for development, contribute to its appeal for tourists. Consequently, these factors generate a wide range of uses that cater to the preferences and requirements of incoming tourists to the city.

    Keywords: Tourism, Yazd, Improvement, Renovation, Neighborhood Identity
  • Rostam Saberifar * Pages 22-37
    Objective

    Neglecting the selection of suitable land for urban and non-urban development, especially in areas with significant physical and natural challenges, can profoundly impact security, living costs, and ultimately lead to human and environmental disasters.

    Methods

    This research aimed to evaluate urban land suitability for physical development in Bojnord, North Khorasan, based on natural factors using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. Data collection was conducted through library and field research methods, while data analysis and calculations were performed using ArcGIS and Global Mapper 16 software. The study area encompassed the entire city of Bojnord and its surrounding regions. The evaluated indicators included slope, vegetation, faults, geological characteristics, elevation, rivers, groundwater, and soil type and erosion.

    Results

    The findings revealed that, given the geographical and topographic characteristics of the city, only about 9% (8,804 hectares) of the available land (primarily in the northwestern and southern parts of the city) was classified as very suitable or suitable, approximately 9.98% (9,869 hectares) as moderately suitable, and 81% as unsuitable or very unsuitable.

    Conclusion

    Land-use planning for Bojnord requires high sensitivity, and it is crucial to incorporate the results of land suitability studies in future urban development strategies.

    Keywords: Land Suitability, Land Use, Physical Development, Natural Criteria, Bojnord
  • Pouya Maroufi*, Amir Shahrokh Amini Pages 38-48

    Remote sensing due to extensive coverage, high separation capacity and low cost of data acquisition from the ground as an efficient tool , has played an important role in the field of Earth science research and environmental monitoring. One of the most important applications of remote sensing are the ability to detect changes. Today's high-resolution satellite imagery makes it possible for these images to be used to produce urban maps or updating them to identify changes in urban environments. Precise and timely diagnosis changes, both locally and globally, are important for the management of the optimal use of resources. The purpose of this article is introducing all methods for detecting land use change using remote sensing data that has been presented so far. In this regard, these methods are examined and the advantages and disadvantages of each expression are expressed. Also, these methods are compared so that the user can, according to the application, select the appropriate method in this direction.

    Keywords: Remote Sensing, Changes Detection, Land Use
  • Mahdieh Khosravi * Pages 49-59
    Objective

     This study aims to evaluate and identify the most effective speckle noise reduction filter for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, specifically focusing on maintaining image clarity and preserving edge details.

    Methods

      SAR systems, which send microwave pulses to measure reflectors and distances, are prone to speckle noise due to the interference of reflected waves from heterogeneous surfaces. This noise negatively impacts image quality, complicating the extraction of accurate environmental data. The research utilized 1-Sentinel SAR images of the Yazd-Ardakan plain and applied various noise reduction filters to these images.

    Results

     The effectiveness of each filter was assessed based on its ability to reduce speckle noise while preserving critical features, particularly edges. Results indicated that the adaptive filter outperformed the other filters by maintaining sharp edges and reducing noise, making it the most suitable option for this type of image enhancement. The Goldstein filter, while effective in removing noise, compromised phase accuracy, and the Boxcar filter blurred edges.

    Conclusion

    This study concludes that the adaptive filter is the best option for SAR image enhancement in the study area, offering significant potential for more accurate environmental monitoring. Further research is recommended to explore the combination of different filters for improved results in complex environments.

    Keywords: Adaptive, Boxcar, Goldestein, Interferogram, Interferometry, SAR Images
  • Zeynab Hesabi*, Aliakbar Jamali, Vahid Rahimi Zarchi Pages 60-77
    Objective

     This study aims to assess and analyze the distribution and levels of key atmospheric pollutants NO₂, SO₂, CO, HCHO, and Aerosols in Baghdad and Damascus from 2019 to 2022, exploring the impact of urbanization, industrial activities, and climatic conditions on air quality.

    Methods

      Remote sensing data from Sentinel-5P (TROPOMI) and Giovanni NASA through Google Earth Engine (GEE) were utilized to monitor atmospheric pollutants at a regional scale, providing high-resolution data for comprehensive analysis of pollutant concentration trends.

    Results

     The study reveals significantly higher levels of air pollution in Baghdad compared to Damascus, primarily due to its higher population density, intense industrial activities, and limited vegetation cover. Seasonal variations in pollutant levels were observed, with higher concentrations in colder months. Land use maps highlight urban sprawl in both cities, with Baghdad experiencing more extreme temperature variations and poorer air quality due to limited green spaces. Wind dynamics and runoff data further illustrate the role of climatic and geographical conditions in shaping pollutant distribution and water management needs.

    Conclusion

    The findings underscore the complex relationship between urbanization, pollution, and environmental factors in Baghdad and Damascus. While both cities face significant environmental challenges, Baghdad’s rapid urbanization and industrial activities make it more vulnerable to pollution. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable urban planning, effective pollution management strategies, and the integration of green spaces to mitigate environmental degradation and improve air quality. Remote sensing tools are essential for monitoring and managing pollution levels in both cities.

    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Google Earth Engine, Sentinel-5P, Baghdad, Damascus
  • Alireza Karimi * Pages 78-91
    Objective

     Land subsidence is the gradual or sudden downward movement of the earth's surface, often resulting from the extraction of groundwater, minerals, or hydrocarbons. This phenomenon, which can cause significant structural damage and environmental degradation, is increasingly prevalent in regions with excessive groundwater abstraction. The primary objective of this study was to assess subsidence in Shiraz Plain, using radar interferometry to analyze ground deformation due to groundwater depletion and other environmental factors, such as droughts and historical lake bed conditions.

    Methods

      This study employed ENVISAT ASAR C-band radar images from 2007-2009 to investigate subsidence patterns in the Shiraz Plain. The images were processed using ENVI5.3.1 software with the SARscape plugin, including interferometry, ADAPT filters, and Goldstein filtering to mitigate errors and improve image quality. The final phase-to-displacement conversion and geocoding steps resulted in subsidence maps, which were used to analyze displacement across different regions. The data were validated by comparing the generated subsidence maps with field observations.

    Results

     The analysis revealed subsidence rates ranging from -14 cm to +5 cm, with the most significant displacements observed in the southeast of Shiraz and parts of Beiza. Ground displacement in urban and agricultural areas was also notable, with an average subsidence rate of -3.5 cm. The primary causes of subsidence in these regions were identified as excessive groundwater extraction, historical lake bed conditions, and geological factors such as fault zones.

    Conclusion

    The study highlights the importance of sustainable groundwater management to mitigate subsidence risks, and recommends continued monitoring and implementation of water conservation strategies to prevent further ground displacement in the region.

    Keywords: Land Subsidence, Radar Interferometry, Groundwater Abstraction, Shiraz Plain, Drought Impact, ENVISAT ASAR, South Zagros