دانش نامه علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 15 (تابستان 1403)

The internal agencies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are among the executive agents of foreign policy at the provincial level. They play a key role in facilitating international interactions and strengthening paradiplomacy. This research is conducted with the aim of investigating the role and importance of these agencies to realize the goals of internal diplomacy and the development of international relations of the provinces. Here focusing on the concept of paradiplomacy, we will ask how these agencies as a bridge between the central government and the provinces, can facilitate the strengthening of the international interactions of the provinces? Based on the findings of this research, these agencies can play a role in attracting foreign investment, developing business relations, promoting Iranian and Islamic culture and civilization, and solving consular and immigration issues by using local capacities and knowing the potentials of each province be effective. Also these agencies actively participate in the explanation and implementation of foreign policies according to the needs of each province through the creation of extensive communication networks with government organizations, the private sector and civil society at the provincial level. Finally in addition to examining the existing challenges, suggestions are provided to strengthen the role of these agencies. In this article, the qualitative research method (descriptive-analytical type) .has been used and the required data has been collected from various sources, including books, scientific and research articles and other related documents.

Political psychology deals with the understanding of politics, politicians and political behavior from a psychological perspective and psychological processes using socio-political perspectives. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of Volodymyr Zelensky's personality and psychological characteristics on the war between Russia and Ukraine. In this article, we are looking for an answer to the question, what effect did Zelensky's personality traits have on the war between Russia and Ukraine? A war that has greatly affected the state of various global markets, including food and energy. From the perspective of political psychology, influential people as important decision makers of human societies, whose output of decisions and actions can determine the fate of individuals and countries, are good cases for examining personality traits. In this article, we have tried to use the theories of political psychology that overlap with the analysis of political roles. In this regard, using the descriptive-analytical method, we came to the conclusion that the war between Russia and Ukraine is undeniably linked to the personality and psychological characteristics of Volodymyr Zelensky. Personality and psychological characteristics that have a direct role in his leadership style and can be examined from the perspective of political psychology paradigms.

China and the United States, the two economic superpowers accounting for nearly 43% of the global economy, are engaged in a mutually interdependent economic relationship, despite their distinct levels of development and positions within the global supply chain. This interconnectedness has fostered numerous opportunities for the international economy and contributed to the dynamism of the global market. Employing the theory of comparative advantage, this paper examines the nature of this relationship and the positioning of each country within the supply chain. Findings indicate that the mutual economic dependence between these two nations has been shaped by their comparative advantages and has intensified over the past two decades, driven by China's rapid economic growth and increased joint ventures. China is primarily positioned at the beginning of the supply chain, focusing on the production of consumer goods and industrial products, while the United States has solidified its place at the end of the chain, emphasizing design, research and development, and advanced technologies.

This article examines the impacts of identity and energy on Turkey's accession process to the European Union. Given the increasing importance of energy resources and Turkey's geographical position as an energy bridge, as well as the role of cultural and political identity in EU policymaking, this paper aims to explore how these two factors influence the decision-making of European countries regarding Turkey's membership. The main focus of this article is on the varying attitudes of EU member states and how these attitudes affect Turkey-EU relations. By concentrating on identity and energy, this study seeks to enhance understanding of the challenges and opportunities in these relationships and analyzes the various dimensions of these impacts. The central question is: how do the two paradigms of energy and identity affect Turkey's accession to the European Union? Analyses indicate that cultural and social identity has played a more significant role in European decision-making. The findings suggest that while Europe has pursued various policies to secure energy resources, the cultural and identity-related concerns regarding Turkey significantly complicate its collective identity.

The new foreign policy doctrine of Russia in 2023 reflects fundamental changes in the international environment and the geopolitical goals of the country. This article, utilizing John Mearsheimer's framework of offensive realism, analyzes the foundations and implications of this doctrine. Offensive realism emphasizes the ongoing efforts of great powers to achieve regional hegemony and balance against international rivals. The main research question is: what principles and components does Putin's new foreign policy doctrine emphasize? It is assumed that the new foreign policy doctrine of Russia reflects the country's desire to redefine the international order and confront Western influence, particularly from the United States and NATO. This doctrine is formulated with the aim of achieving objectives such as expanding regional influence, establishing strategic alliances with non-Western powers, and reducing dependence on Western-led structures. The research findings indicate that Russia, through adopting aggressive policies in military, economic, and diplomatic fields, seeks to impose heavy costs on its rivals and increase strategic deterrence.