فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 107، پاییز 1403)

Libraries are information centers that are considered as essential elements of sustainable development and in this direction, they are evolving to respond to information needs and create a dynamic and sustainable society. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the components of the green library in the libraries of Astan Quds Razavi.

The current research is of an applied type using a survey-descriptive method. The statistical population of 201 officials and experts of the Astan Quds Razavi Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center includes the central library and 59 affiliated libraries, and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the findings.

It showed that the condition of the library building and equipment is at an average level with an average of 2.75 and is not in a good condition. The status of green management and planning in Astan Quds library is at a favorable level with an average of 3.48 and the status of education, awareness and culturalization of environmental issues to the community and employees in Astan Quds library is at a favorable level with an average of 3.49 and 3.45 respectively.

The results of the current research make libraries aware of the current situation. Libraries can achieve sustainability by adopting green building designs, green practices, literacy programs, and the use of green technologies. Considering that libraries are an important platform for achieving sustainable development and creating green culture and thinking in the society, they should be the focus of the green movement. Hence, libraries can continuously expand their programs and serve as role models for an environmentally friendly and sustainable environment. Libraries should move towards offering their information resources as green goods; that is, resources that take care of the environment and nature by saving energy, resources, or reducing and eliminating the use of toxic agents, pollution, and waste, or improving its condition, and are green consumers themselves. And, those who support businesses are using environmentally friendly practices. The library should form a green committee and take steps to increase green practices. This committee can also convey green awareness to other library staff and users. To create an environmentally friendly library, staff and users must be aware of the necessity of a balanced environment. In this regard, considering the important role and mission of libraries in educating the society, librarians should participate in preserving the environment with creativity and innovation.

This study seeks to investigate how to establish a tacit knowledge capture system in project-oriented organizations based on TOGAF enterprise architecture.

Due to few research studies on how to implement enterprise architecture in the framework of TOGAF in order to capture tacit knowledge in project-oriented organizations, as well as the lack of a comprehensive picture of these studies and methods used, it was necessary to make an informed decision and summarize in line with the objectives of the study, their results should be comprehensively examined. Therefore, the present study has been carried out using a systematic review method, which is one of the types of qualitative research methods that is used to investigate phenomena and identify categories based on research works, which in this research study is taken from the protocol proposed by Kitchenham and Charters. Systematic review includes three stages: planning stage, implementation stage and reporting stage.

The evidence showed that "TOGAF enterprise architecture" and the related frameworks for capturing tacit knowledge as a tool for organizational knowledge management and considered it as a necessary model for the transfer of explicit and tacit knowledge. They showed that the "ADM" cycle is the most useful method and for knowledge management activities, although the preservation and use of knowledge has not been directly considered. And none of them have actually implemented all the steps of this cycle.

The results showed the limitations related to the management of tacit knowledge in projects and emphasized the use of "TOGAF enterprise architecture" and the importance of knowing its frameworks and techniques in order to capture tacit knowledge and as a tool for managing explicit and tacit types of knowledge in organizations. And it has been introduced as a means of transferring knowledge by analyzing the "Architecture Development Method" (ADM) cycle. However, how to preserve and use knowledge has not been directly considered. The findings have considered a comprehensive system for managing information and tacit knowledge based on the organization's strategic goals and users' needs, which is the preliminary stage of the "Architecture Development Method" (ADM) cycle. They also investigated the knowledge management system of the project in a potential way and focused on the initial stages in the Enterprise architecture, but they did not implement all the steps of this cycle in a practical way. In the end, it can be said that in order to capture and store tacit knowledge of projects, TOGAF enterprise architecture framework should be used due to its global acceptance because it is considered to implement tacit knowledge management. But so far, the integration of tacit and explicit knowledge in organizational processes and how to save in order to retrieve this type of knowledge has not been directly considered. This knowledge gap has been clearly stated in the research studies. On the other hand, in none of the studies, other knowledge beneficiaries have been considered in this process, and thus the tacit knowledge of the projects has had some shortcomings.

Knowledge is an asset that increases when others share it, and its sharing and dissemination leads to synergy and growth of individual and collective knowledge. In fact, the dissemination of knowledge is the process of communication between two or more people, which includes the transfer and acquisition of knowledge. In knowledge dissemination, the focus is on human capital and interpersonal interactions. In recent years, the expansion of social media has had a significant impact on the ease of spreading knowledge among people. Social media are central members of internet communities that have many possibilities to create interpersonal communication and transfer information and dissemination knowledge. Today, social networks have become a valuable platform to facilitate knowledge sharing and communication, not only at a personal or individual level, but also for organizations. However, despite the significant and rapid growth of research in this field, few attempts have been made to systematically review and synthesize the findings of previous reviews and evaluate the current state of research on the use of social networks in knowledge dissemination. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding and review the current state of research on the use of social networks for knowledge dissemination.

In this research, a systematic literature review method has been used to collect and review studies by following a predefined review method, integrating automatic and manual search strategies, in order to cover all related research articles published in this period of time. Systematic search according to keywords reached 253 research outputs, and finally 37 research outputs matching the criteria were determined for in-depth analysis.

After the data analysis process, the results from the selected preliminary studies show a clear and comprehensive overview of current research that focuses on knowledge dissemination through social networks and identify three main activities of social network use, which include the processes of knowledge seeking, knowledge dissemination and social interaction. In addition, factors including accessibility, authenticity, and permanence make social networks a space for knowledge dissemination in all fields. The findings of this study show that organizational conditions, lack of leadership, costs of knowledge compilation, fear of losing the power of knowledge and lack of personal benefit are among the challenges of knowledge dissemination in social networks.

The results of this study show that social networks for implementing knowledge sharing are related to different forms of behavior and have the potential to overcome the challenges associated with its use.

The main objective of the research is to study and analyze the function and role of libraries during the Safavid dinasty.

According to the nature of the research, a library method based on books, manuscripts, and first-hand (primary) documents, has been used.

The present study shows that in general, two distinct periods can be considered in the life and function of Safavid libraries. The first period, which is related to the 16th century and the reign of Shah Ismail and part of the time of Shah Tahmasb, is a continuation of the role and function of the 15th century libraries, especially the Timurid libraries in Khurasan, where the main task of libraries is to produce and create exquisite manuscripts using the highest level of book design arts. The second approach was to pay attention to libraries in the position of preserving and maintaining the written works of Shiite scholars and jurists, which is considered a significant change in the role and function of important libraries of this period. In this regard, a fundamental change took place in Shia jurisprudential-theological texts, most of which were written by scholars who had migrated to Iran from the Jabal Amel region of Lebanon. The transfer of the personal libraries of this group of immigrant scholars caused many Arabic works to be transferred to Iran. In addition to this kind of texts, attention to Persian language as the language of writing jurisprudential-religious works and used by the public is one of the other features of this period. In addition to the necessity of the time and the need of the Safavid government to gain legitimacy and explain the jurisprudence principles of the Shia religion by using the books and treatises that appeared, including authoring, translating, summarizing and rewriting, another factor was also raised, which was: the negative view from some jurisprudential thoughts to the category of painting, which specifically caused Shah Tahmasb to close the art workshop of his royal library in Qazvin. The change of the capital from Qazvin to Isfahan was also formed in a context affected by these developments. In Isfahan, Shah Abbas committed himself to the establishment of the royal library, which was located in the building complex known as Dowlatkhaneh. In addition, he and his great contemporary scholar, Sheikh Bahai, by taking advantage of the tradition of endowment, gave increasing prosperity to the libraries of the holy shrines, which in particular should be the important collections dedicated to the mausoleum of Sheikh Safi in Ardabil and the library of Imam Reza Shrine in Mashhad (Astan-e Quds-e Razavi). Despite the variety of works that later influenced the collection of the Astan-e Quds library, most of the works available in that place and in other libraries of the second Safavid period, were dedicated to religious and jurisprudential texts, which are generally found in the libraries of schools, mosques, and holy shrines or personal collections were kept.

The function and position of libraries during Safavid period can be seen in two different ways. In the first, the continuation of the function of the libraries was like the previous period, in which the main task of the libraries was to create exquisite manuscripts by using the well-known painters, calligraphers, and book designers. In the second stage, more attention was paid to libraries as a place to preserve the written works of Shiite scholars and jurists, which is considered a significant change in the role and performance of important libraries of this period.

The aim of this research is to identify the most important factors creating strategic gaps in public libraries in Iran.

This applied research was conducted using a qualitative-quantitative approach with an exploratory orientation. A researcher-made questionnaire, designed to examine the perspectives of public library managers throughout the country, was used. The research sample consisted of 20 experts in strategic management and information science for the qualitative section, and 31 general managers of public libraries in Iran for the quantitative section. The sample was selected using a purposive method. To validate the extracted factors, confirmatory factor analysis (first-order) and one-sample t-test were used to examine the mean status of factors related to strategic management processes. SPSS 25 and AMOS software were used for data analysis.

The factors creating the largest strategic gaps in public libraries in Iran include lack of attention to factors such as organizational culture growth and excellence, political, legal, and governmental factors and their predicted effects, lack of supervision and control by managers, non-use of specialized software, lack of support from strategies for specific cultural products of society, lack of a unified and cohesive framework for strategies, lack of attention to user segmentation in public libraries based on needs, and neglecting the upgrading of information systems and advanced technology. Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that all these factors require revision as they are not in a desirable state.

The evaluation and analysis of strategic gaps in public libraries can help us become aware of mistakes as well as future issues, and assist us in timely corrections to the library's path. It also provides essential information for effective decision-making and resource allocation, which is one of the key activities in management. Corrective actions should be carried out within a suitable timeframe and on a continuous basis. Continuous and timely evaluation enables library managers to obtain the necessary information for implementing a successful strategic management system in the library. Senior managers need to have different measures in strategic management, especially in the process of formulating and implementing strategies, taking into account the needs of the community. It can be said that strategic planning is the most accepted management method in public libraries, and achieving this requires examining the set of factors related to the planning process, creating a suitable environment within the organization, and making decisions based on proper guidelines. The process of strategic management in the library should be simple and clear. Managers should assign various tasks to employees and organize different gatherings in the library. The strategic management process should encourage and strengthen creativity and innovation in the library. Library managers must understand the strategies and be committed to its implementation and express the desired strategy in one sentence.

This research aims to understand the 'Iconclass' method and highlight how to utilize it for classifying artistic works.

The research method employed in this study is a bibliographic referencing method. After introducing the Iconclass method, the current article elaborates on the efficiency aspects of this method in documenting and classifying artistic works.

The findings of this research indicate that the mentioned method has three main capabilities: firstly, unlike methods focusing on the formal and visual classification of artworks, this method enables understanding the content of artworks beyond their visual form. One of the contents found in the artistic work resulting from this method is symbolic and mythological themes hidden in the images. This provides the audience with the opportunity to go beyond the superficial and obvious aspects and delve into the literary, historical, mythological, and other dimensions related to the artistic work. As mentioned earlier, this is also observed at the second level of Erwin Panofsky's method (iconographic analysis). At this level, the image is linked to other texts using the Iconclass method, enabling a more extensive understanding and analysis of the work. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that with this method, it is possible to somewhat identify the personalities, symbols, allegories, and signs present in the images. Furthermore, it should be noted that the content-based classification (iconographic) has mostly been prepared and made available to date in specific subjects with special needs in limited countries (mostly Western) and centered around Western art. The Iconclass method provides an opportunity to classify artistic works beyond national boundaries and the dual classifications of East and West. Secondly, using this method, documentation and classification of artworks are also based on the content of the works, allowing for the introduction and analysis of complex patterns, themes, and their interrelationships for the documenter. This enables the documentarian to provide a precise and reliable analysis and interpretation of artistic works by selecting vocabulary, symbols, notes, signs, and organizing them in a hierarchical structure. With the hierarchical structure of the mentioned method, the documentarian can easily filter and separate the necessary data, as the subsets of each class are classified as alphanumeric data. Thirdly, the researcher gains access to a set of resources related to the subject, enhancing the research study`s speed and depth. In other words, this method simplifies the search process for young researchers, making it easy and transparent for them to move from the data and initial description of the work to a deeper level and grasp the relationship between text and image. Furthermore, the use of controlled vocabulary provides an opportunity for a consistent and unbiased description of artistic works. In other words, it can be said that this method enables researchers to uncover hidden themes in artistic works.

The method mentioned here eliminates the challenges of accessing resources related to artistic works and assists researchers in retrieving images more easily. By utilizing this approach, museums and art collections can classify items in their collections. It also contributes to producing lists and catalogs for museums. This, in turn, will help advancing art history research.

Digital storytelling is an innovative tool and works as a promising activity to facilitate and develop learning in the postmodern society. Digital storytelling emphasizes the group process and people's experience in sharing stories, visual and verbal functions that are necessary for understanding language and thinking from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. It also provides an interactive approach to create a learning group, engage learners in digital literacy and create educational opportunities for global interaction with audiences and can play an important role in expanding people's digital literacy. Therefore, as a modern tool, it can play an important role in the development of people's information literacy. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the use of digital storytelling in expanding information literacy.

The current research was done with a qualitative approach and through content analysis. In order to obtain comprehensive information, all valid domestic and foreign scientific articles related to the research topic in the period of 2000-2024 were selected as the research community, and 53 articles were selected using targeted sampling. The search was performed in Google Scholar and specialized databases such as Medline, SID, Magiran, Pubmed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Key terms such as digital storytelling, information literacy, storytelling education, impact of digital storytelling, e-learning, new learning alone and combined were used to find articles. The entry criteria included the validity of the sources, their accessibility and the year of their publication in the desired time period. Data collection was done through reading articles until saturation was reached.

First, 53 basic themes were extracted from the texts. Then, the themes were divided into larger groups and identified as constructive themes. In the following, 14 constructive themes (verbal-linguistic skills, social skills, expansion of digital literacy, expansion of traditional literacy, collaborative learning, remembering content, organizing information, psychological capital, excitement, adaptability, intercultural communication, factors affecting the use of storytelling, attractiveness, Expansion of creativity) and finally 7 main themes (learning-remembering, verbal-social, psychological skills, individual-cultural adaptability, creativity, expanding literacy and causal factors) were identified.

From this research, it can be concluded that digital storytelling has different advantages that can affect people's literacy in digital and non-digital fields. Digital storytelling as an educational and communication tool can have a great impact on expanding people's information literacy. Digital stories usually contain various information and knowledge conveyed to people through storytelling. This information can be transferred through stories in an attractive and understandable way for people and increase their knowledge and awareness.

The purpose of the paper is to study the role of social media in journals and the impact of journals on social media in the six subject areas of OECD.

This applied research was conducted in 2023 with scientometric indicators and approaches. The research population includes 380 titles from world journals and 41 Iranian journals, which have quartile (Q) and belong to one of the six subject areas of OECD. The data were collected using Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), InCite, and altmetrics, which were analyzed using Access, Excel, SPSS, and Data wrapper.

The findings showed that medical and natural sciences journals have a higher rank regarding the variety of social media and the frequency of social citations. Twitter, patents, and news agencies are the most important social media. In world journals, there is a strong correlation between the number of received citations and the number of social citations of natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, and humanities journals, and a moderate correlation with social science journals. In Iranian journals, there was a strong correlation between the number of standard and social citations of Iranian journals in engineering and medical sciences. The variety of media used in Iranian journals is lower than that of world journals, and the gap between the social citations of Iranian journals and the world is vast. The United States and Great Britain users are the most social citers on Twitter and Facebook.

The results highlight the necessity of familiarizing the country's researchers and research policymakers with the advantage of social media in promoting and highlighting research outputs and improving the country's scientific status in the long term.