فصلنامه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 58، زمستان 1402)

classification shifting of items in the income statement is one of the management strategies for earnings manipulation and management. The presence of regulatory factors to control financial reporting and ensure its health is necessary. The current research has investigated the effect of audit committee characteristics (size and financial expertise of members) and audit fees on the classification shifting of items in the income statement. To achieve this goal, 1052 company-year observations (208 companies) collected from the audited financial reports of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2022 have been examined. The results of the research, in addition to confirming the use of stock exchange companies of classification shifting for earnings management, show that there is a negative and significant relationship between audit fees and the increase in the financial and accounting expertise of the members of the audit committee with the classification shifting of items in the income statement; But there is no significant relationship between the size of the audit committee and this strategy.

Complex disclosure limits the ability of users to extract useful information from the financial reports disclosed by firms and affects the decisions and perceptions of the stockholders of the information and adjusts their expectations of returns and consequently will affect the financing costs of the company. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the readability of financial reporting and financing costs, as well as to investigate the moderating effect of profit quality and audit quality on this relationship in Iran's capital market. For this purpose, the data of 138 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were collected for ten years from 1391 to 1400, and the hypotheses of the research were investigated using the statistical method of multivariable linear regression. The results of the research hypotheses test show a significant and negative relationship between the readability of financial reporting and the cost of capital of companies. Also, the results show that profit management as an index of profit quality measurement intensifies the negative relationship between readability and financing costs. In other words, the increase in earnings management in companies with lower readability has led to an increase in financing costs. Also, the audit quality in companies that have lower readability has adjusted the cost of capital in a positive direction.

The present study is assessed the shareholders’ reaction to information content disclosure of the integrated reporting framework under the interest conflicts through the channel of expected return adjustment. The shareholders’ expected return is derived from the capital assets pricing model. The interest conflict caused by agency problems has been measured using the operating expenses to operating revenues ratio as a proxy of agency cost. In addition, the information disclosure index corresponding to the content elements under integrated reporting framework has been measured based on a relevant dimensions checklist. The research population includes 144 firms listed in the Tehran Securities & Exchange during March 2016 till March 2023. The multivariable panel regression models based on firm-year observations focusing on post-event data were used to test research hypotheses. The evidences showed that the agency cost arising from interest conflict between managers and owners causes shareholders to demand higher expected returns. However, firms' effort to disclose information related to content elements of the integrated reporting framework will moderate the shareholders’ expected returns when agency conflicts occur; Hence, the shareholders’ expected return decreases. These findings are consistent with the signaling theory, according to which, although the increase in agency conflicts is a warning sign for firms to demand higher returns from shareholders, but firms' efforts to improve information disclosure aspects based on content elements in the integrated reporting framework is a positive sign, meaning that shareholders can adjust their return expectations.

With the increase of companies and the conflict over the use of natural resources and the resulting pollution, the environment has become very vulnerable. Currently, this issue has become a global and challenging issue. With the support of the shareholders and their concern about the impact of the companies' activities on the environment, the performance of the companies has undergone changes. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the quality of environmental dimensions on the performance of business units with regard to the mediating role of corporate governance. The statistical population of the current research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample includes 202 listed companies (2020 companies) in a 10-year period. In order to inferential analysis of the findings, structural equations modeling (SEM) of partial least squares (PLS) method version 3 were used. The findings showed that environmental dimensions have a positive and significant effect on the performance of business units and corporate governance. In addition, corporate governance has a significant effect on the performance of business units. Finally, corporate governance as a mediating variable has an effect on the relationship between environmental dimensions and the performance of business units, and its (partial) mediating role is confirmed. The results show that with the increasing attention of companies to environmental issues and preservation and non-damage to the environment, shareholders and investors react positively to these companies. This positive view can greatly improve the performance of companies.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Earnings persistence, institutional investors monitoring, and types of political connections in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of this study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2021 and the number of samples is 105 companies. The regression analysis method and Ivory statistical software were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that institutional oversight in companies with political connections has an effective role in increasing profit stability. The selection of large auditors by companies with political connections has no significant relationship with profit stability. However, the longer the term of the CEO of companies with political connections increases, the more stable the profit. The results generally indicate a significant relationship between profit stability, institutional oversight, and various types of political communication.

This research develops and tests a mediation model regarding the effectiveness of internal control on hospitals` performance via the mediating role of intra-organizational information quality and organizational ethical behaviors. The proposed model and its hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS-3 with survey data from 384 public hospital managers in Iran. This study found that internal control effectiveness positively affects hospitals` performance. Also, the effect of internal control effectiveness on intra-organizational information quality and organizational ethical behaviors is positive and these, in turn, improve the hospitals` performance (mediating role). In general, these findings suggest that public hospitals seeking to improve their performance need to improve internal control systems.