نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک
سال سی و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 145، زمستان 1403)

Avian Infectious Coryza (IC) is an acute respiratory disease in chickens caused by Avibacterium Paragallinarum (AP) which, results in a notable reduction in egg production in layers and performance in broiler chickens. IC exacerbates the severity of the condition when it occurs concurrently with other bacterial or  viral pathogens. There is a scarcity of data on the  prevalence of IC in broiler flocks in Karaj district. This study was initiallyconducted to determine the role of IC in broiler chickens through the use of  Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA), and species-specific PCR of HPG-2. A total of 30 thirty broiler flocks were sampled  for  blood and swabbing from choanal cleft (7-5 samples from each herd)  between February  and May 2022, at an avian slaughterhouse. The AGP test yielded  no serological results, whereas the SPA test indicated  a positive reaction in two flocks.  Molecular detection  via by PCR demonstrated the presence ofIC infection in 16 farms, representing a prevalence of 53%. The findings of this indicate that broiler chickens are  significantly exposed to IC,which poses a considerable threat to the viability of nearby commercial layer farms. It is therefore imperative that greater attention be paid to IC infection in epidemiological studies and  that effective solutions be provided  to deal with it in the country.

The White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has emerged as one of the most  prevalent, widespread and  lethal pathogens in shrimp. The  virus gains  entry into the shrimps  trough binding   membrane protein VP28,thereby initiatingan  infection. The present study started with  a re-examination of the antimicrobial properties of each peptides by the Peptide Scanner server. This was followed by  an evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics, solubility, allergenicity, and also the toxicity of the antiviral peptides by the ProtParam, Protein-Sol, AllerTOP,and ToxinPred servers respectively. Subsequently, the third structure of peptides  identified in the preceding steps, comprising Ginkbilobin, Circulin-F, Cycloviolin-A, Cycloviolin-D, Circulin-C, Kalata-B8 and Antiviral protein Y3, was predicted by the I-TASSER server. The results of the molecular docking process of each peptide with VP28 protein showed that the mentioned peptides formed 4, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4 and 10 hydrogen bonds with VP28 protein, respectively. In addition, each of them contains 25.50, 41.38, 38.71, 36.67, 33.33, 16.13 and 36.08 percent hydrophobic amino acids, respectively. Ultimately, the Antiviral protein Y3 peptide is the most promising option, followed by Ginkbilobin and Kalata-B8 peptides, due to its length, the presence of hydrophobic amino acids, and the number of hydrogen bonds formed with the VP28 protein. Consequently, following the completion of the molecular dynamics studies, it is recommended that the aforementioned peptides be employed in in -vitro and in vivo investigations aimed at impeding the invasion of WSSV into the shrimp host and subsequently preventing infection.

Patellar dislocation represents a significant cause of lameness in toy dogs . In this study, the prevalence of patellar luxation and associated factors, including age, gender, breed, direction of dislocation, degree of dislocation, and dislocation type were  investigated.

A total of 133 toy breed dogs were referred to one radiology imaging center evaluated over a two-year period  (November 2018 to September 2020). Firstly, the  dogs subjected to a clinical examination to identify any abnormalities. Subsequently, radiographic imaging was conducted in two different positioning ,that is, craniocaudal and right lateral . Subsequently, the  findings were subjected to  analysis with the objective of determining the prevalence of specific factors and diseases in  toy dogs.

The results of this study indicate that dogs with luxation of the patellar bone (48 dogs)   exhibited notable increases  in the relative frequency of specific variables, including male (54.2%), under three years old (52.0%), unilateral dislocation (54.2%), right posterior limb dislocation (39.6%), breed (Terrier 40%, Pomeranian 36%),and second-degree dislocation (60.4%).

The present  study demonstrates that medial patellar luxation is more prevalent than other  forms of patellar luxation , including  bilateral luxation. Furthermore, the problem mostly was  observed in Terrier and Pomeranian breeds. Furt hermore, the results indicated that male sex and age below  three years are associated with an increased risk.. Ultimately, luxation represents a significant cause of lameness in dogs. However, this can be effectively addressed through a combination of continuous clinical observation and radiological consultation  when  necessary.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a global distribution. A wide range of mammalian species, including camels, are susceptible to this disease. The most important adverse effects of this disease are a marked reduction in production, abortion, and  renal impairment. Given the climatic conditions of Jiroft city, located in the south of Kerman, and the considerable breeding of camels in the region, it is imperative to evaluate the prevalence, of leptospirosis in camels in this region. Accordingly, this study was conducted to diagnose leptospirosis serum in the camel population of South Kerman through the use of a microagglutination test. To this  end, one hundred blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of apparently healthy camels in Jiroft City. Following the isolation of serum, a microagglutination test was conducted using five common serovars of Leptospira interrogans. . The presence of antibodies against at least one serovar of Leptospira interrogans was detected in five serum samples out of one hundred samples (five percent) at a dilution of one to one hundred or more using a microagglutination test.. One sample was positive  for Leptospira grippotyphosa, two samples  for Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, and two samples for Leptospira hardjo. No positive samples were identified against Leptospira canicola or Leptospira Pomona.  The results of this study indicate the presence of the Leptospira bacterium is present in the apparently healthy camel population in South Kerman. In light of the rising consumption of camel meat and dairy products by humans, as well as the resulting economic losses in the country's livestock industry, this issue merits attention from veterinary organizations and the Ministry of Health.

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common intestinal parasites in Iran, which is treated with metronidazole. This drug hasGiardia lamblia is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites in Iran, and its treatment typically involves the use of metronidazole. This drug has been associated with  side effects and there are numerous reports of parasite resistance to this drug. In light of the significance of giardiasis and the necessity for an alternative drug, the present study was undertaken to assess the  impact of the curcumin-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia in vivo. In this experimental study, after preparation of the nanodendrimer-curcumin, size and chemical bonding between nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) technique, respectively, following the preparation of the nanodendrimer-curcumin. The anti-giardial activity of the synthesized nanoparticle was then evaluated in infected mice by microscopic method. The final data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. The synthesized nanoparticles with an average size of 32 nm were found to be suitable for use indrug delivery systems. The results demonstrated that the highest efficacy of synthesized  nanoparticles in this study was observed at a dose of 16 mg/kg, with an efficacy of 79% in infected mice, which was statistically significant in comparison  to the negative control group (P<0.05). Given the superior efficacy of the synthesized nano dendrimer-curcumin against Giardia lamblia in mice compared to metronidazole, it can be proposed as a novel  candidate for the treatment of giardiasis. however ,further research is necessary to substantiate this claim.

The initial step in the prevention and control of any disease is the epidemiological investigation and evaluation of its health and economic importance .This is considered a reliable starting point for combating the disease. In this regard, the present study investigated the prevalence of parasitic and bacterial diseases in nine cities of Tehran province during the years 2019-2023 and the damages caused by them. This study employed a cross-sectional  design ,and the required data were obtained from the Iran’s  Veterinary Organization and the Agricultural Organization of Tehran province. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to ascertain the variance of the data. Subsequent mean comparisons were made using the post hoc Tukey test, while paired percentages were compared using the x2 non-parametric test. The findings revealed that hydatid cyst had  the highest prevalence in Tehran Province in comparison  to other diseases among slaughtered animals. The prevalence  of infection with the majority of  diseases in cattle was significantly higher than that  in sheep (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the trend of disease contamination over the course of the study period  (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was noted between the cities in terms of the prevalence of contamination with bacterial and parasitic pathogens (P<0.05). The assessment of economic losses resulting from diseases also indicated that in 1398-1402, the main cause of damage was brucellosis among cattle and cyst hidatosis among sheep. The findings of this study provide fundamental data regarding economic losses associated with bacterial and parasitic diseases of cattle and sheep slaughtered in Tehran Province, offering a valuable reference  for relevant organizations and officials.

Contagious Ecthyma (Orf), a worldwide distributed zoonotic viral disease of sheep and goat, has significant economic impacts. The disease is frequently referred to  by the term  "proliferative skin lesions outside the buccal cavity of young animals". This report details the occurrence of the severe mucosal form of contagious ecthyma in mature sheep. The disease was observed in a number of mature animals in a sheep flock that exhibited increased heart and respiratory rates, as well as highly disseminated erosive lesions on the tongue, dental pad, gums and interior face of the lips. Given the clinical indications of  contagious ecthyma, sample specimens from the mucosal lesions was collected and subjected to molecular virology test (PCR) that tentatively confirmed diagnosis of contagious ecthyma in the sheep flock. The sick sheep that were treated with supportive therapy and care eventually recovered from the disease. Investigations revealed the affected sheep grazed on poor pasture containing thorny Astragalus and Rosa persica, which may have facilitated the mucosal form of the disease manifested. This was likely exacerbated by the drought. This report underscores the significance of the contagious ecthyma virus in pathogenesis of oral mucosal lesions, which must be distinguished from those of similar mucosal diseases.