نشریه جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری
پیاپی 24 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

The use of ecotourism as an approach in urban tourism for sustainable development with an emphasis on environmental protection, tourist education, assistance to the local economy and citizen participation. Although the use of this approach shows contradictions within itself, the necessity of reducing the negative effects of tourism has caused attention to it in various scientific and practical dimensions.

The research method is qualitative and based on the seven-step metacombination method of Sandelowski, Barroso& Voils, which was carried out using Maxqda software.

The research method is qualitative and based on the seven-step metacombination method of Sandelowski, Barroso & Voils, which was carried out using Maxqda software.

The research results indicate that having an ecotourism approach in urban tourism in physical, managerial, cultural, social, economic and environmental categories helps the sustainability of cities.

The basis of urban branding is to introduce the capacities and attractions of cities by presenting the distinct identity of that city. A destination can become a brand when it has chosen the right tools and identity to make it stand out from its competitors.

The current research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. In this research, in order to collect the information needed for the research from documentary methods (library and document review) and field (interview) and to analyze the data, the qualitative methodology of thematic analysis was used and data analysis through Attride-Stirling theme network analysis has been done. Based on the path taken by this research, first, a semi-structured and in-depth interview was conducted with twenty-two Kerman tourism experts and data analysis was done through MAXQDA software. In the six-step process, in the first step, 314 initial codes were extracted from the interviews. Then these codes were reduced to 70 basic themes, 12 organizing themes and 7 overarching themes (dimensions).

Kerman's tourism brand identity has various dimensions that have been developed in this research. These dimensions include "psychological ", "social-cultural ", "marketing ", "economic ", "urban and physical management ", "governance " and "environmental " which revolve around the structure of "city tourism brand identity" Kerman" are located. Each of these dimensions has components and concepts that explain the details of the brand identity pattern.

Today, the creation of a reliable and credible brand in the eyes of tourists has become one of the most attractive and controversial topics in the field of social geography and tourism marketing.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research is the tourists of Mashhad city. The sample size was determined based on Morgan's table and using a non-random method available to 384 people. The tool of data collection in this research is the standard research questionnaire of Monilino et al. (2022). Cronbach's alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was used for the validity of the questionnaire. and data analysis was done by structural equation method and using smart pls software.

The results indicate that brand attachment mediates the effect of brand identity, brand reputation, and Enduring culture involvement on brand credibility. Also, acculturation, destination brand identity and destination brand reputation have a positive and significant effect on brand credibility and attachment to the tourism destination brand. In addition, attachment to the tourism destination brand has a positive and significant effect on the reputation of the tourism destination brand.

It shows the importance of the location and origin of a tourist destination, that social geography has caused differences and different traditions, which brings a special attraction for tourists and other nations.

Daily walking in the cities, in addition to spending the time of the residents, has an important effect on their physical and mental health. Therefore, choosing and determining the most suitable walking route can greatly help citizens.

This research is of a survey type and with a descriptive-analytical approach with the practical purpose of field regulation and information obtained using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is the citizens of Sirjan city and the sample size is estimated at 510 people. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to propose a method that every citizen living in cities can choose easily for choosing a path for walking, taking into account the desired parameters. In the presented method, multi-criteria decision making and spatial information system are used.

The criteria that can be considered for choosing a walking route in cities are social factors that can be classified into five groups, which are 1- criteria of green space available on the route 2- criteria of traffic volume Crossing the route 3- The criterion of the ratio of non-residential uses to the total uses on the route 4- The criterion of the safety of the route 5- The criterion of density and crowding of the population on the proposed route. Data analysis by multi-criteria decision-making and criteria weighting method by hierarchical analysis and TOPSIS, in the present research, showed that among the considered criteria (density of green space and volume of passing traffic),

The development of second home tourism through the construction of villas in the rural suburbs around Chalos is one of the most important forms of tourism development in the region. Providing security and reducing crime in such tourist accommodations can have a significant impact on the development of second home tourism at the regional level.

This research is descriptive-analytical. A questionnaire has been used to identify the economic and social situation of Chalus city. For data analysis methods, statistical methods and graphic statistics analysis, Geographical Information System T regression tools were used. Geographical weighting (GWR) and SPSS were used to analyze the related data in line with the relationship between theft crimes and other components and to identify crime patterns of theft of second homes in Chalus city. In order to compare each of the indicators in different localities. In Chalus city, one-sample T-test was used.

Based on the indicators of the quality of life at the level of the neighborhoods of Chalus city, the indicators of the quality of life are at a relatively favorable level. In neighborhood 8 (as a prosperous neighborhood) and neighborhood 6 (as the central neighborhood of Chalus city), the indicators of the quality of life are at a very high level.

The geographic weighted regression model showed that there is a weak relationship between quality of life and theft from second homes in Chalus city, and this pattern is scattered and clustered in all parts of the city.

Vandalism as a destructive behavior; It causes destruction, physical damage and material damage to public capital and reduces social order. Based on this, the aim of the research is meta-analysis of studies related to urban vandalism behaviors.

The method is meta-analysis (quantitative), its statistical population is 45 documents and the sample size is equal to 41 research documents in the period of 1401-1372. The sampling method is a deliberate-non-probability type and a reverse questionnaire, and the validity of the research has been examined according to the type of articles (research and journal type), writing quality, level and scientific expertise of the authors, as well as the research review method.

The results show that vandalism in Iranian society is caused by social-cultural heterogeneity, social control, capital level, reference model, social pressure, social disorganization and cultural issues according to the theory of structural pressure. These variables have explained 0.354 of the changes in vandalism behaviors.

Heterogeneous development (cultural backwardness of institutions and groups) has led to institutional dysfunction (social-structural pressure) and ultimately social disorganization (emergence of vandalism). As the conditions of institutional development have deteriorated (unbalanced or unbalanced development), social disorganization (functional disorder of social institutions) has also increased. Failure to solve social disorganization caused by social pressures on the society has led to class divide, social failure, and accumulated conflict, dissatisfaction, feeling of injustice, feeling of discrimination and vengeful thoughts and destructive actions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of socio-economic factors on the health behavior of women in relation to the covid-19 in the 4th and 8th districts of Tehran municipality.

This study was conducted as a case study using a descriptive-analytical method on 120 Tehranian adult women(60 from District 4 and 60 from District 8 of Tehran Municipality). Data on social and economic status as well as information on the attitude and health practices of individuals towards Covid-19 were collected using a standard questionnaire. Correlation coefficients between variables have been reported using Pearson tests.

Women in District 8 had higher incomes, housing size, and academic education than women in District 4. Also, the household dimension in women of District 8 was smaller than District 4. Women in District 8 have better performance than women in District 4 on indicators of health behaviors, including the use of masks, gloves, and disinfectants, the observance of social distance, restrictions in family visiting, traveling restrictions. Also, in District 8, a higher correlation coefficient was observed between income, education, ethnicity(Fars), house size, and employment status with the better performance of above-mentioned health indicators for prevention of COVID-19 compared to women in region 4.

The results of the present study showed that the behaviors, attitude, and health practices of women in districts 4 and 8 are different based on geographical location, the main reasons of which can be the difference in their socio-economic status.

A compact city is a sustainable urban form. The main goal of this idea is to create cities with high density but far from the problems in the modernist city. This research aims to evaluate the physical-functional aspect of city form based on the compact city approach in 22 districts of Tehran.

Eight indicators of mix and variety of uses, density of residential buildings, percentage of rehabilitation and renovation of urban decay, population density, street density, subway coverage, bus coverage, and bicycle paths have been used. The research method is applied research and the findings obtained from the network analysis in ArcGis and Shannon entropy were obtained and then Merec method was used for weighting the parameters and Cocoso method was used for ranking the options which were the same areas of Tehran.

In order to rank the regions of Tehran in terms of a physical-functional aspect of compact urban form, at first, data related to each measure was collected for 22 regions and then the score of each measure was converted into a standard score. Finally, the areas of Tehran city were divided into five groups according to the level of physical-functional aspect of compact urban form parameters.

The results show that each of the regions has different criteria of 8 parameters of the physical-functional aspect of compact urban form, that region 6 with k=2.154 has the highest priority and region 19 with k=1.333 has the lowest priority and potential for compact urban form. In addition, other regions are also ranked according to the final score.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. According to the objectives of the research, library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used in order to develop a theoretical framework and collect the required data. The statistical research population of the citizens of Ahvaz in 2015 is equal to 1,184,788 people. The number of samples was determined using Cochran's sampling, 384 people. To analyze the research data, one-sample statistical tests, step-by-step regression and path analysis were used.

The results of the sample T-Tech test to measure the urban sustainability of Ahvaz with an emphasis on ethnicities show that there is a significant difference between the obtained average (1.81) so that it is below the standard limit (3). be Therefore, the status of this index is not favorable. The results of the step-by-step regression test indicate that the social security index with a beta coefficient of 0.247 has the greatest impact and the economic index with a coefficient of 0.166 has the least impact in stabilizing the city of Ahvaz for different ethnicities. The results of the path analysis show that all the coefficients of these variables are significant at the 95% confidence level, which means that the variables have an effect on the stability of the city of Ahvaz in terms of ethnicity, and the need to pay attention to them will improve this issue..

The Covid-19 epidemic is one of the infectious diseases with a very high prevalence rate, which has led to deep and complex changes in urban spaces. For this purpose, the present article has been carried out with the aim of identifying places with the potential to spread the epidemic of the Covid-19 disease in the city of Mashhad. purpose, the current research is applied research and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and based on spatial analysis. In this study, in order to identify the urban areas that have a high possibility of the spread of the Covid-19 disease, spatial modeling was used based on the location-based model, and spatial data analysis was performed with ArcGIS software. Spatial modeling of the places of outbreak of covid-19 in Mashhad showed that in the central part of Mashhad (areas 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8), especially around the holy shrine of Razavi, the rate of covid-19 is very high. Also, the results of Moran's spatial autocorrelation model showed that at a distance of 1482 meters from the city center, the autocorrelation is positive and strong, and at a distance of 4850 meters, the autocorrelation is positive but weak, which means that the spread of Corona will decrease from this distance. The spread of the corona virus in religious tourism cities, especially Mashhad metropolis (around the Holy Shrine of Razavi) is high due to the arrival of pilgrims and tourists, which can lead to the spread of this epidemic throughout the country.

With the sustainable development of technology and innovation in people's travel styles, smart tourism(ST) technologies are widely used in various fields of tourism. Smart technologies, especially applications related to tourism, have changed the traditional travel experience and increased the competition of destinations. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of tourists' experience of ST in Tabriz city.

In this study, a qualitative approach with a content analysis method was used. for collecting the data, while studying library resources, a field-method with an in-depth-interview technique was used to identify indicators in technological dimensions, services, psychology and new areas. The key beneficiaries of ST experience were selected by the snowball sampling method, and theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 18 of them. Next, MaxQuda software was used for content analysis.

The findings of the research indicate that 32 indicators in the form of 8 subcategories include personalized services (5-indicators), access (3-indicators), awareness (4-indicators), interaction (3-indicators), security and privacy private (4-indicators), technological developments (6-indicators), co-creation (3-indicators) and psychological aspects (4-indicators), form the experience dimentions of ST. This results confirmed that tourists get a richer experience when using smart technologies, which can affect their overall satisfaction with their trip and their behavioral tendencies in the future.

The results have provided valuable information and suggestions for the management of urban tourism destinations that are concerned about the development of ST in their city which can provides a clear view of what they should pay attention to.

Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Undoubtedly, all countries will be affected by this phenomenon. However, due to geographical position, reliance on climate-sensitive natural resources, and development gaps in general, developing countries, and low-income countries in particular.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, qualitative and based on documentary studies, and since it seeks to identify and solve the problem, it is placed in the field of applied research. were made in three areas of resilience, climate change and the relationship between these two issues (climate resilience). Theoretical studies showed that climate change is mainly influenced by human activities. Many thinkers' views indicate that the impact of these changes on different regions, relatively developed and less developed, is diverse and different. Also, the findings of the studies of the functional part of the research regarding the main components of resilience in response to climate changes in the ecological, social, physical and institutional dimensions related to sustainable development showed that the most important influencing factors are institutional and social factors.

In general, the results of the study show that, to be successful, disaster risk reduction and disaster management, social protection and resilience strategies must be part of a broader development framework that gradually paves the way for the empowerment of today's disadvantaged groups by improving their economic status and providing access to More needs.

Providing financial resources is one of the most important duties of municipalities, and sustainable income generation, Therefore, the municipality as a public institution should reduce its reliance on unsustainable revenues according to the experiences of developed countries, what all municipalities are looking for in the field of income is to create a systematic and coherent structure that will lead to sustainable income for the municipality

The main goal of the current research is to identify the financial resources and sustainable income of Zarand municipality, which was conducted based on descriptive-analytical studies during the years 2017 to 2018.

The present research method, is descriptive-analytical, which after examining the methods of earning and financing the municipalities of the world, a standard questionnaire was prepared and compiled to analyze the sustainability of income sources and their effectiveness in the city of Zarand. It was distributed among specialists. Then, the relevant data were analyzed and checked in Excel, SPSS software, and the reliability and inference of the data used by using Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S), single population mean test (t- test), Pearson correlation test was performed. Finally, we ranked the data using the saw model.

In the present research, the result of the research was as follows, in the category of income stability, tax on renovation charges, other charges, participation of the non-governmental sector to provide for-profit projects of the city, and finally the use of grants The government is in the category of sustainability.