نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1403)

The purpose of this article is to extract the components and indicators of Tabriz school of architecture and urban planning with an emphasis on the historical market of Tabriz.

This research was carried out with the research method of text content analysis and field survey and methods of library and documentary search, observation and photography.

The school of Tabriz can be found in the ancient history of Tabriz, various arts, historical buildings and spaces, nature and gardens of Tabriz, authentic neighborhoods and passages, the market and its ancient social and cultural aspects, its authentic goods and foods. did This city, which is the birthplace of artists, merchants, scholars and politicians, and many tangible and intangible events and works, the sum of which can express an original school in architecture, urban planning and painting. Tabriz market is one of the pillars of the identity of this city, which is a collection of rows and timchehs and palaces with valuable urban architecture and design representing the economic, social, and native architecture foundations. This complex has a stable economic life due to being on the international silk trade route, a special social and cultural cohesion that is considered a social capital, and the secrets of urban planning and design that can be relearned for the current state of cities.

Unlike the markets of Tehran, Isfahan, Kashan, which have a linear structure with fewer branches, the market of Tabriz is a network consisting of rows and nodes in the form of teams, timcheh, sera, and mosque and with many branches. It continues to exist as an efficient system in economic, social, climatic dimensions and with a high diversity of activities and economy with a complex order. A deep understanding of the identity-building aspects of Tabriz market in different cultural, economic, social, functional, physical, natural and landscape dimensions can help to protect it in the current and future situation.

The metro not only provides public transportation but also fosters interactions among citizens and contributes to the urban environment. Hence, attention to social interactions and spatial provisions to transform into urban spaces is crucial. The objective of this research is to establish a framework for achieving the quality of life in underground spaces that incorporates a comprehensive expression of placemaking. The research methodology is based on collecting and analyzing textual and documentary data, qualitatively focused on interpretive paradigms. This theoretical article aims to enhance a critical understanding of production and consumption processes within the urban public space. Findings indicate that urban underground spaces, to function as urban areas, need to offer a set of unique qualities aligned with citizens' needs as these spaces extend beyond the defined scope of urban areas. These urban spaces can be examined in the realms of lived space, perceived space, and conceived space by the citizens. In conclusion, in achieving a form of placemaking, the components of daily life, encompassing spatial behaviour, spatial representation, and representational space in alignment with the qualities of underground urban spaces, such as inner space qualities, inter-space qualities and extra-spatial qualities (legibility, inclusiveness, vitality, Accessibility, moderation, providing a variety of services and facilities), significantly shape the landscape of citizens' everyday lives. Identifying these qualities and the interactive dynamics between citizens' daily lives and urban space can lead to the creation of place and the process of placemaking.

 Recent advances in landscape ecology and satellite data have provided an opportunity to change approaches in sustainable urban planning and have created a high potential for enhancing resilience in the interactions of social-ecological systems. In this research, by using the concept of spatial resilience and measuring the critical components and relationships of the socio-ecological landscape over time, the thresholds related to identity were quantitatively extracted to provide a solution for linking concrete management objectives and the theory of resilience.

 By evaluating the ecological landscape of Qom city using PLAND, CA, NP, AREA-MN metrics and satellite data, the changes in landscape resilience of this city during thirty years based on the theory of spatial resilience were analyzed.

 By defining and extracting identity thresholds, identity changes in the city landscape were predicted concerning resilience in the coming years. Then, by identifying the spatial-identity patterns of the city in different periods and measuring them based on resilience dimensions, measurable suggestions were presented to policymakers and planners to place the urban landscape in a new, resilient, and sustainable balance.

 The landscape of the city of Qom in 2009 and 2019 has crossed the first and second thresholds of identity, and with the continuation of the current trend, in the next 20 years, traveling the third threshold (complete transformation of landscape identity) will happen, and if the process of reducing the green area structures continues, the landscape will reach an irreparable stage in terms of resilience.

Problem:

One of the most important elements of urban spaces is urban furniture, which has special importance for citizens.Urban furniture,in addition to providing services to citizens,makes them feel comfortable in urban spaces, and by strengthening the level of satisfaction,it can lead to more interaction with other citizens.

Considering the importance of observing standards in the design of urban furniture and the lack of attention to this issue in Iran, the main goal is to investigate the considerations and criteria for designing urban furniture in urban spaces.

After conducting documentary studies, first,different definitions of urban furniture were examined,then its classification in the world and Iran and its criteria were studied.

The results of this research show that urban furniture design can be examined in three dimensions:1-Grammatical dimensions: this dimension examines the system and structure of signs,2-Functional dimensions:it analyzes the relationship between a sign and its user and 3-Semantic dimensions:it deals with the study of meaning, change of meaning, and principles governing the relationships between sentences and words and their meaning.Also,It can be said that in terms of how to pay attention to design considerations and criteria, there can be two modes;1-Standard-oriented and uniform design, in which all considerations and criteria are taken into account in the design process and 2-The design of a case that is based on special conditions and based on the location and platform of the furniture and by observing the appropriate considerations and criteria,the subject of creativity,styles,and artistic theories can find more expression and strength in this category of furniture.

Problem Statement:

 How does place, beyond being a physical space, influence the formation of human identity, cognition, and experience? This article aims to explore this fundamental question by explaining the complex interaction between humans and the built environment.

To present a comprehensive model of the human sensory-motor experience and the creation of effective non-verbal communication with the environment, in order to facilitate the design of higher-quality and more humane spaces.

Relying on a descriptive-analytical approach and an in-depth review of the literature, this article seeks to explain the hidden patterns between space, experience, and meaning. Qualitative text analysis has been a key tool in achieving this goal.

Place is not merely a physical setting but a meaningful context in which individual and collective identities are formed. Spatial symbols and visual elements, as a common language, enable communication with the environment and the creation of meaning. The human mind is strongly influenced by spatial structures, and spaces can affect perception, emotions, and behaviors.

With a deep understanding of the relationship between humans and place, we can design spaces that not only meet the physical needs of humans but also improve the quality of life, strengthen a sense of belonging, and shape collective identity. Mind, body, and environment are inextricably linked, and understanding this complex relationship is essential for creating sustainable and dynamic human environments. The presented model can be used as a tool for designers and urban planners.

Problem:

Urban public spaces, especially parks, are vital places for families.However, until now,less emphasis has been placed on articulating spatial quality indicators for all ages,and the environmental requirements for different groups of all age are rarely integrated.

This research aims to discover indicators from the perspective of urban space for all ages in parks and provide a tool for advancing towards lifelong communities and at a higher level to improve the quality of public space.

The research method in this study is applied and It employs descriptive-analytical method. In the present study, one dependent variable titled and 12 independent variables have been introduced in Mellat Park in Qazvin as a case study.

we found that "comfort" and "social participation and encouragement of intergenerational relationships" have the greatest impact,while "security" and "sensory richness and creativity in design" have the least impact on explaining the dependent variable.indicators such as "safety" and "sensory richness and creativity in design" are more significant for younger ages, whereas indicators such as "security" and "respect for diversity and differences of all ages with any level of ability" are more significant for older ages, making them some of the most influential factors in determining the quality of Mellat Park in Qazvin.

Based on the research findings,it can be concluded that Mellat Qazvin Park is not yet suitable for all ages.The differing priorities of indicators for various age groups suggest that achieving an average across all indicators could make the park more inclusive for everyone.

Despite the existence of potential human and executive forces in Iran, industrialization and the use of materials in buildings in order to prevent the waste of materials, has gone through a very slow process, and considering the importance of the construction sector in Iran's economic activities, it is necessary to take effective measures to be done in this context. For this purpose, this research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and ranking the effective indicators on the waste of materials according to the existing theoretical foundations.

In terms of the purpose of this research, it is a developmental type of research, and in terms of the method of doing the work, it is descriptive, survey and document type. In order to identify the effective factors, a sample was selected from among the community of experts in this industry with a simple random sampling method, and the desired data was collected by distributing a questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS statistical software.

The research showed that proper design  has the greatest effect on the increase in construction waste. After that, the construction industry  in the second place, education  in the third place, financial resources and economic justification  in the fourth place and finally the reserve and warehouses  have the least impact on the increase of waste.