پژوهشنامه بختیاری شناسی و اقوام ایرانی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1403)

From the constitutional period, following the trip of the clan heads to Europe, the establishment of oil and industrial companies, and the coming and going of Europeans to the Bakhtiari homeland, the Bakhtiaris got to know modern life and urbanization, which caused extensive changes and transformations in their lives. became; In such a way that this resulted in different reactions from acceptance to fighting with the new way of life. Among the groups that started to institutionalize their attitude in this field were poets and writers; Poets such as Darab Raisi, whose poems became the songs of Ail and Golbang Bakhtiari. The purpose of this research is to investigate the type of attitude towards urban life and its role in returning to the rituals and customs of nomadic life in Darab Raisi's poetry and the flow of his poetry in this context. The findings and results of the research show that due to reasons such as attention to money, the lack of emotion in the lives of urban dwellers and extreme negative individualism, Darab Raisi is disappointed with urban and modern life and therefore pays attention to nomadic life and its rituals and traditions. has given However, in his opinion, modernity has also entered the nomadic life and now there is nothing left of family and wealth except names and formalities. From the perspective of flow theory, his poetry should be analyzed based on the romantic school.

Old trees (Long-Lived Trees, Old Growth Trees) of any country are among the most important genetic reserves of plants of that country. From the genetic point of view, old trees are considered gene reserves, because they have been strongly affected by competition and natural selection in the long term. There is no specific definition for old trees based on international standards. Experts consider the age, diameter, height, shape and extent of the tree crown as the criteria for measuring old trees. Tree age is the most important factor in identifying and classifying old trees. Old age is a period of a tree's life that begins with limited or extensive decay in its trunk. Reaching this age is different in different species. This era has been very long in some bases and introduces them as valuable bases. The relationship between long-lived trees and people depends on the culture of that region and it is a two-way relationship, in such a way that culture and beliefs have made people pay attention to the maintenance of trees and take action to preserve them without having an economic perspective.

is of special importance in the culture and social customs of all regions, religions and religions. For this reason, you can see different and different rain-seeking rituals all over Iran, which are linked to ancient myths. The ritual of praying for rain is one of the ceremonies that are performed in groups or individually to pray for rain against the anger of nature. The Bakhtiari people, during their ups and downs history, from very ancient times until today, have attached great value and dignity to water, and in line with this past value, they have their own customs, traditions and ancient beliefs. which is a link between Mana and the myths and beliefs of the inhabitants .In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the role of the gods of ancient Iran in the rain rituals of the Bakhtiari people .

Reflecting the elements of nature in the poetry of Dr. Raeisi with a focus on Golbang BakhtiariAbstractPersian poetry has historically been mostly inspired by nature. Born and nurtured in the lap of nature, the hardworking Bakhtiari nomads love their surroundings and aim not only to protect but also to present its beauty. Among the many poets and seniors in the Bakhtiari family is Darab Raeisi. He was born in Bidkan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Having spent more than 50 years actively in the field of native literature, this Bakhtiari poet, researcher, and writer has left many of his works on the topics of Bakhtiari poetry, literature, and culture. This study looked at his collection of poetry, Golbang Bakhtiari, written in Bakhtiari dialect, in order to try to respond to these queries: Is nature and its elements reflected in Darab Raeisi's poetry? In his poetry, how has the poet applied these natural elements? In the poem, which of the elements of nature and their constituents most often recur? The results of this research showed that nature and its components are reflected in Darab Raeisi's poetry. Animals have had the highest frequency in Darab's poetry, followed by the element of water and its components. Raeisi's poetry likewise uses seasons the least. Furthermore, this brilliant Bakhtiari poet has used natural materials and components in a more literal sense.Keywords: Nature, Darab Raeisi, Golbang Bakhtiyari

One of the distinctive features of the collection of Bakhtiari couplet poems by Darab Raisi is ethics. He, like other great poets of Iran, has put the field of poetry at the service of morality and has used moral virtues and vices in his poems, praising moral virtues and criticizing vices. He makes the call to virtues the basis of his work and warns people against vices and impurities. Darab Raisi is trying to take an important step in the direction of promoting moral virtues ethics with the influence of the teachings of Islam and the culture of Iran and the Bakhtiari people. In this article, the information has been collected in a library form and analyzed with a descriptive method. By examining Bakhtiari s couplets by Darab Raisi, virtues such as love, kindness, faithfulness to promises, courage and honesty and vices against of them have been discussed and investigated.

The Bakhtiari tribe is one of the original Iranian tribes with a deep-rooted and ancient culture. The majority of their cultural heritage is oral, reflecting the history, emotions, and feelings of this tribe. Since access to Bakhtiari vernacular literature has been limited in written form, the tribe's connection with urban society and the emergence of modern poetry schools in written form have played a significant role. Therefore, in order to understand the impact of this poetry on the general culture and society's interest in it, first, the lives and times of the poets must be examined. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, explores the life of Darab Reisi and his inclination towards poetry. The findings of this research indicate that the connection with urban society and the establishment of modern schools in the Bakhtiari tribe, as well as connections with other cultures and societies, have been effective in shaping the perspective and written form of poetry.Bakhtiari vernacular literature has been limited in written form, the tribe's connection with urban society and the emergence of modern poetry schools in written form have played a significant role. Therefore, in order to

Despite the very negative attitude of the "Zoroastrian religion" to the "fairy" (Pari in Persian), the subject is different in Persian literature and folklore. In naming, the beliefs of the common people are very important. It has been shown that despite the situation of the “Daeva” in Zoroastrianism, the word “Daeva” is present in the name of many geographical locations of Iran. In the present study, we are going to investigate the geographical distribution of places with the word “Pari”. The information was compiled using the “National Geographic Names Database of Iran” owned by the “Mapping Organization of Iran”. The “Pari” exists independently as well as in prefix or extension in the structure of the name of 111 geographic locations (including the village and the natural attributes such as valley, river, etc.). The frequency of places with the name of the “Pari” is greatly increased from the east to west. Zoroastrian religion was founded in the eastern and then went to the other parts of Iran. Therefore, it can be expected that the positive attitude of the people of this area to the teachings of this religion is more than residents of other regions. Iranians living in the western areas of the country compared to people living in Khorasan showed more resistance to change attitude towards “Pari”. Preserving the names of villages, springs, rivers, dock, valleys and mountains in the western provinces with the word “Pari” represents the cultural resistance of the masses in Iranian cultural history.

Poems and stories are the arena of emergence and reflection of popular culture. Superstitions, examples of magic and magic, myths and legends of every people and every nation, which is a full-view mirror of the culture of that people and nation, are beautifully expressed in the long story "You Are Not a Stranger", by Hooshang Moradi Kermani.The main audience of the story is children and teenagers, and the story conveys a lot of cultural heritage of the past (myths, legends, magic and superstitions) to them and takes a big step in preserving popular culture.Hooshang Moradi Kermani's simple, intimate, smooth and sweet expression presents an incomparable example of local stories to the audience. A very important point is the hidden humor of the author and the sarcasm behind the scenes of the story, which mocks superstitions and magic.This work is an important source for the study of rural public culture, and through the study of myths, legends, magic and superstitions in the society and its reflection in the story You Are Not a Stranger, we can gain a sociological, aesthetic and psychological understanding of the rural society of Iran during the author's lifetime. arrived.

Ali Ashraf Darvishian is one of the prominent writers in the field of regional-rural literature of Kermanshah. He taught as a teacher in the cities of Kermanshah province Following Jalal Al Ahmad, he writes stories in his climatic field And at the same time, these stories reflect the opinions and beliefs of the people of Kermanshah and the customs of that region in their works. In these stories, Dervishes reflect people's superstitions, ignorance and ignorance and their blind following of customs, poverty, oppression and inequality. And it depicts some of the ideas and beliefs left in the daily life of the people of Kermanshah. His works are a suitable source for investigating the culture, customs and beliefs among the people of Kermanshah. In his works, Darvishian has included words, stories, proverbs, lullabies, ideas and beliefs of the Kurdish people in the Kermanshah area in his stories. And he used the folklore of the region to enrich his stories. In this article, which is analytical-descriptive and in a library style, the reflection of these climatic elements in the works of Dervishes has been investigated.

Complaint is one of the literary types of poetry and it tells about the failures, sufferings, hopes, and adversities that the poet has experienced. Complaints are classified into five categories: personal, social, philosophical, political and mystical. This research was done with the aim of analyzing and identifying the types of glory and complaint in the songs and compositions of Bahman Aladdin. The present research was conducted using qualitative method and content analysis method. The unit of analysis of this research is the poetic texts (songs and compositions) of Bahman Aladdin, who composed songs in all his albums. It was paid. The results of the research showed that personal complaints include: complaints about separation and separation from a lover, complaints about inattention and indifference of a lover, complaints about loneliness and lack of companionship, complaints about the heart, complaints about luck and horoscope, and social complaints include: complaints Among the founders of separation from the beloved, complaining about people's words, complaining about the lack of good things, and philosophical complaints include: complaining about the tricks of the times, complaining about creation, complaining about the world and the passage of time. Political and mystical complaints were not observed in the songs and poems, and the most repeated complaint is the poet's personal complaint.

Local entertainment and games are part of the culture and customs of every society, which are designed according to the climatic and cultural conditions of each region. Studying and introducing these games are important because they can give us knowledge about our cultural assets. Since many elements of popular culture such as: customs, beliefs and folk beliefs, games and entertainment, clothing and food, and other things are reflected in Persian literature, in this treatise, an effort has been made to examine the entertainments of the people of Shiraz. Let's talk about Bostan Saadi's book, which has had a great and extensive impact on the Persian language and reflects national attitudes and beliefs. Saadi Shirazi has widely used the elements of folk culture in her poetry, her Bostan book, in addition to its historical and literary value, is a mirror that reflects images of the habits, behaviors and traditions of that time.