فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 79، پاییز 1403)

The study of theft investigation, which is one of the earliest crimes of humanity, and has existed in various societies for various reasons, is of great importance. Especially over recent decades, due to the complexity of social and economic relations in urban societies, the phenomenon of theft has been associated with many consequences and damages, to the extent that not only the prevalence of theft in society lead to the loss of personal property of victims, but also, more importantly, it targets the social security feeling or reduces the social security feeling in society. The whole things indicate the necessity of severe confrontation with theft and its discovery, especially from the perspective of the theft investigation process. Therefore, the main purpose of conducting the research was to identify the pattern of the theft investigation process in the “Criminal Investigation Police”. Also, the main question of the research was: What is the pattern of the theft investigation process in the “Criminal Investigation Police”?

The research method was of qualitative type, and the phenomenological technique was used to collect interviews.

The findings of the research indicate that in the conducted research, according to the interviews conducted with “Criminal Investigation Police” detectives and experts, the extracted codes indicate that a total of 13 selective codes, including (preliminary investigations, photography-sketching, crime scene examination, note-taking and report writing, search and inspection, tangible and intangible pieces of evidence, obtaining information, follow-up investigations, identifying and detaining suspects, matching pieces of evidence and documents, operational support and guidance, interview and interrogation, preparation and presentation of the judicial file) were interpreted.

By using the theft investigation process model, the rate of theft discovery or identification of criminals and discovery of stolen property may be enhanced; and ultimately, the field can be narrowed for criminals. On the other hand, organizational efficiency in police performance, along with reducing time and manpower costs, can be achieved.

The present article aims to look into the effective components of a model for developing and fostering traffic culture and social security using a media-centered approach in Tehran.

The research employed a mixed-method approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative phase, interview questions were developed to collect data. Subsequently, ISM questionnaires and a researcher-made questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale were utilized. The statistical population in the qualitative and ISM sections consisted of 10 experts, while the statistical population in the quantitative section, for the validation of the final model, included 384 citizens of Tehran.

To assess the model fit, the GOF, RMS, and SRMR indices were used. The GOF index was figured out to be 0.636, which is greater than 0.36. The RMS-theta index was 0.098, which is less than 0.12, and the SRMR index was calculated as 0.049, which is less than 0.08. Therefore, the model fit is considered desirable.

An investigation of the effective components in a model for developing traffic culture and social security with a media-centered approach in Tehran revealed 10 main categories and 55 subcategories. The essential factors, considering some components and using the partial least squares method for validation, and the results indicated that the planning and programming commission, support, research, and development; impact the social commission. It also revealed that the social commission influences the strategic role of the media, and education on traffic culture and social security, leading to the emergence of electronic city and urban advertising management. These factors improve the level of contribution of citizens and ultimately lead to the development of traffic culture and social security, and is expected to utilize the capacity of various media in the field of education; and show that the impressionability of all individuals is effective and desirable.

The primary objective of the present article is to analyze the soft, semi-hard, and hard internal security threats facing the Islamic Republic of Iran. In addition to regional and global threats and challenges, domestic threats have led to the formation of new internal security threats against Iran. It seems that the enemy’s main effort is focused on developing despair, instilling a sense of helplessness and hopelessness among citizens to diminish social cohesion. The main issue of the present article is the typology of the extent, severity, and nature of internal security threats in Iran.

This is an applied research conducted using a descriptive method. The sample size is 99 individuals, and 11 experts active in economic, political, cultural, law enforcement, security, cyber, legal, technological, and environmental fields were purposefully selected for each threat. The data collection method is both field and library-based, and the data collection tools are questionnaires and documents, which were analyzed using SPSS. The reliability and validity of the data are above 0.8, which is acceptable.

Based on the analysis, the trend of protests and unrest in Iran has moved towards becoming more organized and more violent, decentralized and smart. In addition, polarization is taking shape to undermine the political system and government.

A total of 25 internal security threats were identified. The severity of 8 threats is high (equal to 4), the severity of 8 threats is moderate (equal to 3), and the severity of 9 threats is low (equal to 1). In terms of the nature of the threat, there are 13 soft threats, 9 semi-hard threats, and 3 hard threats. The most important threats are respectively: economic, cultural, political, cyber, legal, technological, environmental, and military.

Biophilic urban design, which is based on nature and its expansion in the form and content of urban planning, is among the most important models that can be examined in the field of creating social security in urban spaces. The present research aims to investigate the impact of biophilic urban design elements on achieving social security in urban neighborhoods of Ahvaz metropolis.

First of all, existing theoretical sources were reviewed using a “library research” method. The statistical population of this research consists of citizens of urban areas of Ahvaz metropolis.  Using Cochran’s sampling method and formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed . The collected data was analyzed by SPSS. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through a survey method. Questionnaires were the tool used for data collection. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of elite experts, and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which was above 0.78.

The results showed that biophilic urban design elements in urban planning and management have a significant level of impact at the level of 0.000.

The impact of biophilic urban design indicators, including green spaces and parks, natural lighting, water, and irrigation systems, had the highest impact on social security, while other indicators ranked lower. The level of impact of biophilic urban design indicators, as well as the measurement of social security and its valuation in the studied areas, indicates that regions 1 and 2 have a high level of social security, regions 3 and 8 have a medium value of social security, and regions 5, 6, and 7; are ranked as having unstable social security.

In case social rehabilitation is not provided for those who have quit addiction, most probably, they might resume taking drugs. The present article examines the social rehabilitation of recovered addicts, and the impact of social support on it in Tehran. For this purpose, the social support theory of Emile Durkheim and Sarason was used as the theoretical framework. 

This is a survey study, and the statistical population is all recovered addicts, including women and men aged 14 and over in Tehran, approximately 12,100 people. The sampling method is simple random sampling, selected from among recovered addicts using the services of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the sample size according to the Cochran formula is 384 persons. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The data analysis method is Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS. Face validity was used to assess validity, and the reliability of the social rehabilitation variable was 0.871 and that of social support was 0.812, which is very high, and its items have been able to achieve the required internal consistency.

The results of the test indicate that the mean of social rehabilitation and social support among individuals was moderate, and their mean (Maximum 5) was 3.11 and 3.02, respectively. About 36.6% consider their level of social rehabilitation to be low. About 26.1% consider it to be at a moderate level, and about 37.3% consider their social rehabilitation level high. There is a significant positive and direct relationship between the level of social support and the social rehabilitation of recovered addicts. Instrumental support with a coefficient of 0.532 and informational support with a coefficient of 0.451 had respectively the highest and lowest correlation with the social rehabilitation of recovered addicts. Social support and its dimensions explain and forecast about 33.4% of the variance and changes in the social rehabilitation of recovered addicts.

The conclusion is that to strengthen, promote, and enhance the level of social rehabilitation of recovered addicts, attention should be paid to social support for addicts and the dimensions of social support, especially emotional support.

Utilizing the capacity of public contribution and cooperation in preventing arms trafficking (as social prevention focuses on soft and people-centered actions) is the best type of prevention. In this regard, recognizing the manner and ways to engage public participation is of great importance. The present research aimed to “identify the factors affecting citizens’ participation in preventing arms smuggling in Kermanshah Province”. 

This research is applied in terms of its purpose and is a qualitative study based on thematic analysis. The contributing community consists of police commanders, university professors, Basij, the governor’s office, the governorate, and the Islamic Council of Kermanshah Province. The researcher reached theoretical saturation following conducting the talk with the sixteenth person. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. To calculate the reliability of the coding, the intra-rater agreement method was used. The analysis of the findings is also based on the thematic analysis method (basic, organized, and comprehensive coding). 

Based on the respondents’ opinions, the themes related to this research consist of 67 organizing themes and 5 overarching themes under the titles: “economic factors” with 20 indicators, “socio-cultural factors” with 18 indicators, “institutional factors” with 7 indicators, “legal and judicial factors” with 6 indicators, and “law enforcement factors” with 16 indicators.

Preventing arms trafficking requires the use of various mechanisms, including the capacity of citizens’ contribution. Focusing solely on one factor and ignoring others may render activities fruitless. Therefore, a working group should be formed in Kermanshah Province to socialize the phenomenon of preventing arms trafficking.

Social security feeling in tourist destinations is a basic requirement for tourists to decide to travel and, on the other hand, creates the conditions for the competitiveness of tourist destinations. The present research aims to investigate the impact of tourists’ perception of security on the competitiveness of tourist destinations.

The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. In terms of the type of method, it is in the group of quantitative research. The statistical population of the study was 15+ tourists who traveled to Gorgan County in 2022, which was approximately one million and thirty-five thousand people according to the relevant annual statistical booklet. To determine the sample size, Cochran’s formula was used, and the sample size was estimated at 384 persons. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was examined and confirmed using the combined reliability method and Cronbach’s alpha, and the validity was examined and confirmed using both face validity and divergent validity. The sampling method in the study was simple random sampling, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the research data.

The findings of the research show that the path coefficient obtained for the variable of tourist destination security perception predicts 53% of the variance of the competitiveness of tourist destinations in Gorgan County.

The results of the present research indicate that the competitiveness of tourist destinations is affected by the perception of tourist security, and this impact was evaluated as moderate in Gorgan County.

 One of the policies and governances of the “Anti-Narcotics Police Force” is to enhance the security of citizens in society through preventive-oriented actions. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the impact of the preventive-oriented policies of the “Anti-Narcotics Police Force” on enhancing the public security of citizens in Greater Tehran. 

 The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive in terms of its method. In terms of collecting data, it was conducted through a field survey using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included all citizens aged 16 to 64 in Greater Tehran, totaling 5.2 million people. Using the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected using a two-stage random sampling method. To analyze the data obtained from the 29-item researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, and following the implementation of the research hypotheses, the SPSS statistical analysis and the structural equation modeling in the Smart PLS were used. 

 The findings indicated that the studied policies were based on public education and community participation policies, information dissemination policies, counseling services policies, occasion-based program policies, and policies based on actions through cyberspace. The preventive-oriented policies of the “Anti-Narcotics Police Force” managed to explain more than 55% of the changes in the improvement of public security among citizens.

 The final conclusion indicated that the preventive-oriented policies of the “Anti-Narcotics Police Force” could explain more than 55% of the changes in the improvement of public security among citizens. The continuous implementation of policies given the characteristics of target areas, recruiting and training specialized trainers and assigning them to neighborhoods, producing appropriate preventive content (short, attractive content), engaging other responsible agencies in the field of prevention, a wider and more enthusiastic presence of the police in calendar events, as well as reviving police counseling offices were presented as the most important recommendations.

 The pillars of national security based on Iran’s 20-Year Vision Document may be achieved in the dimensions of social, economic, political, cultural, military, defense, and environmental security. The present article aims to identify and introduce the top research in each area by monitoring the scientific output in this field in the country. 

 The present research is an applied research with a scientometric approach conducted cross-sectionally between 2001 and 2023. A total of 6,554 indexed articles on national security in the ISC database were quantitatively reviewed to identify the top scientific outputs and important research topics in national security in Iran. Scientific maps were drawn using bibliometrics in R and VOSviewer software.    

 The trend of scientific production was upward, and the highest number of publications in all fields was between 2013 and 2018. The analysis of the statistical population showed that most of the research was conducted on social security, accounting for 42.05% of all national security outputs. Economic security with 19.49% and political security with 14.82% respectively ranked second and third. The journal “Studies of Social Security” was recognized as the leading journal with 460 articles in the field of social security and 26 articles in the field of cultural security. The scientific monthly “Economic Security” in the field of economic security; “Strategic Studies” in the fields of military security, political security, and environmental security published the most articles, and the journal “Defense Policy” was recognized as the superior in the field of defense security. The research journal “Law and Order Security” had the highest impact factor (1.96) and the journal “Environmental Science and Technology” had the highest accumulative citation (467).

 Geopolitical issues and the orientation of Iran’s foreign policy in the international system, legitimizing the system, cyber threats, and governance of media and social networks require further research to achieve scientific maturity in the field of national security.