نشریه روان پرستاری
سال دوازدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 65، آذر و دی 1403)

The four dark personality traits are a relatively new and integrated model formed by the combination of different personality theories. The present study was conducted to investigate the structural fit of dark personality traits based on the pathological dimensions of personality with the mediation of psychological flexibility in college students.

Methods :

This research is of the structural equations type and its statistical population was all students of the Islamic Azad University of Borujard branch in the academic year 2023-2024, 230 people were selected by the available sampling method. The data were used from the Personality Pathological Dimensions Questionnaire (PID-5-BF) by Kruger et al. (2012), and Acceptance and Action (AAQ-II) by Bond et al. Pearson correlation test and SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software were used to analyze the data.

The model had a good fit. The results confirmed the direct effect of the pathological dimensions of personality on the three dark traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism, and the intensity of the indirect effect of the pathological dimensions of personality on psychological flexibility was strong (β=0.76). The mediating role of psychological flexibility was confirmed in the relationship between the pathological dimensions of personality and the dark trait of psychopathy (P<0.05).

The pathological dimensions of personality were directly effective on narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism and indirectly on psychopathy, and psychological flexibility played an important role between dark personality traits and pathological dimensions.

non-suicidal self-injury is one of the problems of today's world and in addition to physical injuries, it is also related to mental disorders and suicide. In this regard, the present study was also conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between impulsivity and dissociative experiences with non-suicidal self- injury with the mediation of mentalization in adults.

The descriptive-correlation research method was based on structural equations. The statistical population of the study was made up of all the adults of Tehran in 2023. Among the statistical population, 350 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The research tools were: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Reflective Functioning Questionnaire and Self-Harm Inventory. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 24 software were used.

The results showed that the research model has a good fit. Coefficients of direct paths of impulsivity (T = 2.74, β = 0.34), analytical experiences (T = 3.78, β = 0.35), certainty (T = -0.38, 5.42 = β) and uncertainty (β= 0.53, 2=2.96) on non-suicidal self-injury were significant. Also, the indirect coefficients of impulsivity variables and dissociative experiences on non-suicidal self-injury were significant through the mediating role of mentalization. In general, impulsivity and dissociative experiences with the mediation of certainty and uncertainty explained a total of 62% of the variance of non-suicidal self-injury.

The results of this study show the importance of the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between dissociative experiences and impulsivity with non-suicidal self- injury. Therefore, interventions that target on non-suicidal self-injury intent may need to increase mentalizing capacity with the aim of reducing dissociation, impulsivity and consequently preventing self- injury.

People with depressive symptoms are one of the groups at risk of suicide, and suicidal thoughts are an important predictive factor for committing suicide and completing it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural relationships of insecure attachment and feeling of shame with suicidal thoughts of people with depressive symptoms, considering the mediating role of emotional dysregulation.

The present research was correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all the people with depression symptoms who referred to the clinics in Tehran city in 2023, of which 180 people were selected as available. And they responded to the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, adult attachment inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Shame Questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software were used.

The results showed that the direct impact of emotional dysregulation (T=14.30, β=0.74) was significant on suicidal thoughts. The direct impact of insecure attachment (T=3.88, β=0.49) and shame (T=10.48, β=0.33) on emotional dysregulation was significant. Also, the indirect effect of insecure attachment on suicidal thoughts through the mediating role of emotional dysregulation is significant (P < 0.05, β = 0.43) and the indirect effect of shame on suicidal thoughts through the mediating role of emotional dysregulation is significant (P <0.05, β=0.57). The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 55% of the variance of suicidal thoughts.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that a better clinical understanding of emotion regulation in the pathology of suicidal thoughts is a key element in the evaluation and clinical work with people with depressive symptoms. Therefore, based on a coherent understanding of the emotional characteristics of depressed people, emotion regulation models can provide a promising potential for the accuracy of psychological diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic effectiveness in this field.

 cancer; endangers various aspects of mental health and due to the disturbance in the mental image of the person of his own body, it increases the mental tension and challenges the mental health of the affected person. The present study was conducted to predict the quality of life based on personality type D and cancer stigma in patients with chronic cancer.

The statistical population of the research included men and women with chronic cancer living in Tehran in 1401. Using the available sampling method, 251 people (115 women and 136 men) were selected as samples. To collect data, the D personality scale, Denault (2005), Aranson Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (1993), and Marlow and Wardell's Cancer Stigma Scale (2014) were used. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression and SPSS25 software were used for data analysis.

 The results showed that stigma (β=-0.44, t=-7.78) and personality type D (β=-0.16, t=-2.65) can be the variance of changes related to people's quality of life. Predict cancer patients. Avoidance (β = 0.53, t = 10.05), opposition (β = 0.24, t = 3.90), intensity (β = 0.18, t = 3.10 ), and abnormality (β=-0.18, t=-2.65), which are the dimensions of cancer stigma, can predict the variance of changes related to the quality of life of people with cancer with a confidence of 0.99.

Clinical psychologists and psychiatric nurses can increase the quality of life of cancer patients by performing psycho-educational interventions by reducing D personality type and cancer stigma.

Considering the increasing number of people suffering from obesity all over the world, it seems necessary to change the way of treating people suffering from obesity and their thinking patterns. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation on attention bias and behavioral inhibition in obese women.                                                                                                   

This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The sample group was 30 obese women who referred to the nutrition clinic of Ardabil city in 1402. The experimental group received transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment individually for 10 sessions daily, and the control group did not receive treatment. The members of each group were evaluated using dot-probe and go/no-go computer software in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 22.                                                                                                                                          

The results showed that by controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the post-test of attention bias variables (P < 0.01 and F = 23189.223), behavioral inhibition (P < 0.01 and 41.262) F = 1.25) and weight (P < 0.01 and F = 148.621) were significant. The results indicate the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention on attention bias, behavioral inhibition and weight loss in the post-test phase (P<0.05).                                                                                                                                                                     

Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to use transcranial magnetic stimulation in weight loss programs, correction of attention bias and increase of behavioral inhibition in overweight and obese people.

Drug addiction manifests as a reversible condition characterized by harmful repetitive behaviors that persist despite adverse consequences. Despite considerable scientific research, significant gaps remain, necessitating targeted investigation to address this crucial aspect of mental health impact mitigation. This study aimed to examine the tendency for substance use relapse based on intolerance of uncertainty and negative repetitive thoughts in recovering people with an addiction.

This applied research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population comprised 204 male substance abusers attending the Tarannom Baran Residential Addiction Treatment and Recovery Center in Zanjan, Iran, from 2022-2023. Utilizing convenience sampling, data were collected through the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, and Substance Use Relapse Tendency Scale. Analysis was conducted using SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 software.

The study's findings indicated that psychological variables of intolerance of uncertainty and negative repetitive thoughts were prevalent among individuals with substance use disorders and served as fundamental predictors of relapse tendency, exerting a direct effect. By generating multiple problems across various domains and repeating unpleasant thoughts, these two variables explained over 66% of factors influencing relapse tendency. Intolerance of uncertainty and negative repetitive thoughts accounted for 66.5% and 94.7% of the variance in relapse risk, respectively, with confirmed statistical significance (P<0.05).

The results suggest that intolerance of uncertainty and negative repetitive thoughts significantly influence the tendency for relapse or return to substance use among recovering people with an addiction. To reduce substance use relapse rates, cognitive-behavioral therapy focusing on intolerance of uncertainty and negative repetitive thoughts may be effective in controlling and managing relapse.

 It seems that the symptoms of scary dreams followed by rumination are experienced more among female heads of households than other women due to high psychological pressure. Based on this, the research was carried out with the aim of determining the effectiveness of light inactivation therapy on reflective performance and mindfulness of female heads of households.

 The research method was a two-group semi-experimental design with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population of female heads of the household was a member of the welfare department of Isfahan province in the spring and summer of 1402. From the aforementioned statistical population, 40 people were selected voluntarily through the available method and then randomly assigned to 2 experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The tools of this research included Yousefi's Scary Dreams Questionnaire (1394) and Yousefi's Rumination Questionnaire (1387). Light inactivation training was carried out in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The collected data were analyzed at two levels, descriptive and inferential, with social science statistical software version 26.

 The mean and deviation of the symptoms of fearful dreams and rumination in the experimental group separately in the pre-test equal to (46.95 ± 11.27), (53.90 ± 25.56) and in the post-test equal to (31.65 ± 9.36), was (23.80 ± 18.11). Also, in the control group, in the pre-test it was equal to (44.15 ± 13.41), (54.30 ± 20.93) and in the post-test, it was equal to (44.85 ± 12.93), (56.45 ± 20.87) ) was The results indicate that the light inactivation training on the symptoms of fearful dreams and rumination of female heads of the household in the post-test phase (p<0.05) and the effects of the training in the follow-up phase (p<0.05) also remained.

 Based on the findings obtained from the present study, it can be concluded that the training of light deactivation therapy as a psychological intervention can be used to reduce the symptoms of fearful dreams and rumination among female heads of the household.

Marital instability is one of the challenges of marital relationships that can be affected by various factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and marital instability with the mediating role of dark and borderline personality traits in married women.

The descriptive-correlation research method was the structural equation model type. The statistical population of the research included married women in Rasht city in 2024. The statistical sample of this research was considered to be 200 people and the people were selected as convince sampling. In this research, the Measuring Marital Instability (MMI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), borderline personality Inventory (BPI), and Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD). The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software version 24 and the structural equation modeling method.

The results showed that traumatic childhood experiences (β=0.528) predict marital instability. Borderline personality traits (β=0.351) predict marital instability. Narcissism (β=-0.124), Machiavellianism (β=-0.089), and antisociality (β=0.134) do not predict marital instability (P>0.05). Traumatic childhood experiences predict narcissism (β=0.543), Machiavellianism (β=0.630), and antisocial behavior (β=0.610). Traumatic childhood experiences predict borderline personality traits (β=0.833). Traumatic childhood experiences with the mediating role of borderline personality traits (β=0.29) predict marital instability. Traumatic childhood experiences with the mediating role of dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) do not predict marital instability (P>0.05). The results also showed that the research variables explained 67% of the variance of marital instability of married women.

As a result, borderline personality traits can play a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and marital instability, and dark personality traits cannot play a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and marital instability.

 Adolescents with body dissatisfaction require serious attention from therapeutic and educational communities. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Healthy Body Image Package (HBIP) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on beliefs about appearance in 12 to 15-year-old adolescents with body dissatisfaction.

 The research employed a quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases, including an intervention group and a control group. Sixty adolescents from Isfahan High School were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Body dissatisfaction was assessed using a 9-item scale from the 68-item Attitudes Towards Physical Appearance Questionnaire (Cash & Pruzinsky, 1990). The dependent variable, beliefs about appearance, was measured using a 20-item Appearance Beliefs Scale (Spangler, 1999). The intervention groups received either the HBIP or CBT in eight sessions (90 to 120 minutes each), while the control group received no intervention. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-26.

 The results showed a significant difference in beliefs about appearance between the HBIP and CBT groups and the control group (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was found between the HBIP and CBT  groups.

 Therefore, considering the impact of both interventions on improving beliefs about appearance in adolescents with body dissatisfaction, the use of these treatments in adolescent psychology centers is recommended.

 A successful marriage is a dynamic growing relationship in which both partners
Continue to grow to achieve personal satisfaction. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reality-based premarital education on the marriage tendency, mind image of the ideal spouse, and pre-marriage worries among single boys in Bushehr.

 The present study's design was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included male students of Bushehr city in 2019. The research sample consisted of 30 people selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Participants answered the questionnaires of Yousefi and Alijani’s Marriage Motivation Scale (2019), Yousefi’s Dream Spouse Scale (2012), and Premarital Fears questionnaires of Samiei, Yousefi and Neshatdoost (2013). Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis with SPSS-22 software.

 The results showed that reality-based premarital education on increasing the marriage tendency (p=0.001 and F=17.98), reduced the mind image of the ideal spouse (p=0.006 and F=9.28), and reduced the dimensions of premarital fears (fear of spouse (p=0.001 and F=43.52), fear of financial management inability (p=0.001 and F=13.51), fear of spouse’s imposed limitations (p=0.002 and F=12.07), fear of self (p=0.006 and F=3.99), fear of infidelity (p=0.005 and F=6.53), other than financial fear (p=0.15 and F=2.19)) single boys had a significant effect (p <0.05).

The research results suggest that reality-based premarital education can be an important and key intervention in premarital counseling. The results can also be used by specialists and family and marriage counselors.