فصلنامه مدیریت پرستاری
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 47، بهار 1403)

Nursing staff play a crucial role in healthcare systems. With the ongoing challenges of nursing shortages and unequal distribution across various geographic regions, it becomes essential to identify the factors that influence the nursing workforce supply. Understanding these factors can provide insight into both financial and non-financial elements that impact nurses' working hours.

The objective of this study is to identify factors and variables affecting labor supply and nurses' career decisions.

This study employed a conceptual review approach to investigate the supply of the nursing workforce. A comprehensive search for relevant keywords, both in Persian and English, was conducted across several databases, including SID, MAGIRAN, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, without imposing any time restrictions. From an initial screening of 36  studies, 9 were ultimately selected for detailed analysis.

The research identified several key factors that influence the supply of the nursing workforce. These factors include wages, marital status, household income, the presence of children, age, work experience, and education level. Furthermore, additional variables were recognized as significant contributors to workforce supply, including workplace location, department type, the nature of the services provided by nurses (whether specialized or general), development index, race and ethnicity, the age of children, job rank and grade, job security, work history, and the type of shifts worked (such as night shifts). 

This study presents a list of variables affecting the supply of nursing workforce. By facilitating the selection of variables for researchers, this list provides a background for future studies of researchers regarding the supply of the nursing workforce. Additionally, this list can be used to select the attributes and levels for discrete choice experiments regarding the job preferences of nurses.

The nursing profession seeks to provide evidence-based and competent care, especially based on humane and ethical principles. Providing ethical care requires an appropriate level of ethical reasoning.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive fatigue based on ego depletion on the moral judgment of nursing students.

The study design was semi-experimental with two intervention and control groups before and after the test. The statistical population of this research included all female nursing students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2019. 44 female nurses were selected as a sample and divided into two control groups (22 people) and intervention group (22 people). The measuring instrument was Viarah's moral judgment questionnaire (2014). Sedak and Kafta (1990) were presented with solvable (easy/controllable) diagnostic cognitive problems to the control group and unsolvable problems (hard/uncontrollable) to the experimental group. After answering the homework and math problems, the moral judgment post-test was performed on two groups. SPSS 23 software and covariance analysis test were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the treatment of cognitive fatigue based on the ego depletion approach had an effect on the moral judgment of nursing students. The mean (standard deviation) of the experimental group changed from 125.82 (9.019) in the pre-test phase to 152.05 (12.44) (P<0.001). The value of this effect was 0.42 based on eta square.

The results indicated that the treatment of cognitive fatigue based on the ego depletion approach increased the moral judgment of nurses. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use the cognitive fatigue treatment based on the ego depletion approach to reduce the psychological problems of nurses.

Adolescence is a period of physical, cognitive, social- emotional changes for individuals and is associated with an increase in the ability to think, the onset of puberty, and changes in relationships with family, friends, expectations, family roles, responsibilities, managing life tasks without being overly dependent on other people, and creating a new direction for the future as independent and productive adults, and mental health-related issues (including social competence and emotional flexibility) in these The period becomes important.

The present study aimed to develop an emotion regulation training package based on microlearning strategies and to investigate its effectiveness on social competence and emotional flexibility in adolescents. 

In the qualitative phase, a documentary method was used, while in the quantitative phase, a pretest- posttest-follow-up design was implemented. The electronic content was developed in six stages based on Kemp's model, and the training package was designed in eight sessions. It was validated by 10 experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI) method by Waltz and Bausell. The results showed that the CVI for the developed package was above 0.79. The statistical population for the quantitative section included female middle school students in Karaj, Iran, in the academic year. From this population, 50 students were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental groups (25 students in each group). The experimental group received the emotion regulation training in eight sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Social Competence Questionnaire by Smart and Sanson (2003) and the Emotional Flexibility Questionnaire by Rashid and Bayat (2019). Data analysis was performed using  covariance analysis in SPSS software version 25.

The average grade point average of the experimental group was 17.04 and the control group was 16.91. The validity index result showed that the emotion regulation training package for micro strategies can be used with good validity (CVT<0.79). Other results show that emotion regulation training on micro strategies was significantly effective in improving social competence and emotional positivity of junior high school students (P<0.05) and its effect was durable (P<0.05).

Educational counselors and organizational psychologists can utilize the validated training model developed in this study to enhance social competence and emotional flexibility among learners, including students and employees such as nurses.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as a chronic illness, leads to psychological issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems due to its sudden onset and poor prognosis. 

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on anxiety sensitivity and metacognition in women with Multiple Sclerosis.

The research utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population included all women with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan during the first half of 2020. A sample size of 30 women with MS were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Data were collected using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) by Floyd (2005) and the Metacognition Questionnaire by Mitmansgruber (2009). The experimental group received Emotion-Focused Therapy based on the protocol by Greenberg and Goldman (2019) in 12 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

The mean and standard deviation of age in the experimental group was 42.68 ± 3.65 years and in the control group was 44.54 ± 2.89 years. The results of Fisher's exact test showed that there was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of age (P=0.427), marital status (P=0.233), education level (P=0.458), and  duration of disease (P=0.374). The results of analysis of covariance indicated that Emotion-Focused Therapy significantly reduced anxiety sensitivity (P< 0.001). Additionally, it was found to significantly decrease negative metacognition (P < 0.001).

Based on the findings, specialists, researchers, and therapists in this field can utilize Emotion-Focused Therapy as an effective treatment option to improve anxiety sensitivity and metacognition in patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Rumination and cognitive impairment in patients with major depression is one of the cognitive risk factors for mood disorders. 

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of repetitive transcortical magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination, cognitive impairment in people with depression.

The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test with a control group with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study consisted of men and women with major depression hospitalized in Delaram Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran in 2022. A statistical sample of 39 men and women suffering from major injuries, the study sample was selected by a purposeful method and by a random method (lottery) in three groups: repetitive transcortical magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (13 people), cognitive behavioral therapy (13 people) and the control group. (13 people) was replaced. Repetitive transcortical magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was performed in 12 sessions and cognitive-behavioral therapy was also performed in 12 sessions for the experimental groups and the control group did not receive any training. Beck's economics research tool - second edition (1996), rumination questionnaire of Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991), cognitive impairment questionnaire of Broadbent et al. (1982). The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 26.

The results showed that repeated extracortical magnetic stimulation and cognitive behavioral therapy were effective on rumination and cognitive impairment in people suffering from depression, and there was no significant difference between the effect of these two interventions on rumination and cognitive impairment.

Based on the results, it is possible to use the protocols of repetitive extracortical magnetic stimulation and cognitive behavioral therapy to intervene in rumination and cognitive impairment in people with depression in mental health centers and psychiatric hospitals.

Total Quality Management in healthcare is a comprehensive approach to provide superior patient care, operational efficiency and continuous improvement. The Quality of hospital services includes various dimensions, including clinical effectiveness, safety, patient-centeredness, and efficiency, and nurses are the largest group of service providers in the health system that can influence the quality of services.  

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between TQM and the HSQ as perceived by nurses in selected hospitals of Khuzestan province.

The current research is a correlational survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population is the nurses working in the regional educational and therapeutic hospitals of Khuzestan province (Abuzar Ahvaz and Ganjavian Dezful). The research sample was 269 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire whose validity is confirmed and its reliability is higher than 0/7 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics analysis was done by SPSS 22 software and structural equation model was used by Smart PLS3 software to test research hypotheses.

The findings showed that 27% of the samples were men and 73% were women, 57.6% of the samples were between 20 and 30 years of age, and 86.6% of the samples had a bachelor's  degree. The dimensions of the HSQ variable are more strongly present in society than the dimensions of the TQM variable. Among the TQM dimensions, the dimensions of process management and customer orientation have the highest and lowest averages, respectively, and among the five dimensions of the HSQ variable, the dimensions of trust and empathy are the strongest and weakest, respectively. TQM has a positive and significant relationship with the HSQ, and applying the principles of TQM leads to an increase in the HSQ.

According to the findings of the research, the implementation of Total Quality Management practices in a hospital environment can lead to a comprehensive approach to quality improvement, which ultimately leads to higher levels of service quality for patients and other stakeholders.

Nursing jobs have a stressful and turbulent nature, so that nurses have to provide medical and care services in environments with very high patient density and limited facilities. These difficult conditions lead to high levels of stress and anxiety among this hardworking class. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of self-compassion training on psychological capital, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion in nurses.

This research was experimental and semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population of the research included the nurses of Razi Qaimshahr Hospital in 1403. 30 of these people were selected using a targeted method and then were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007) (PCQ), Minnesota Job Satisfaction (1977) (MSQ) and emotional exhaustion by Chen et al. (2019). Then, the data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate covariance methods in SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that all dependent variables include psychological capital (P < 0.05, F (25, 1) 105.17), job satisfaction (P < 0.05, F = 64.38 (25, 1)  and emotional fatigue (P < 0.05, F = 427.56) (25, 1) have become significant in the post-test stage. Therefore, teaching self-compassion was effective on psychological capital, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion in nurses.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that nurses can take a step towards taking care of moral and human values ​​and principles by cultivating the spirit of self-compassion within them. This helps them to understand and accept their problems and failures, look at them from a kind and empathetic point of view and try to improve and grow. Also, teaching self-compassion not only has a positive effect on the psychological capital of nurses, but can also lead to an increase in job satisfaction and a decrease in their emotional exhaustion.

Breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. For patients with breast cancer, pain is a common and debilitating symptom that can negatively impact physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. In this randomized controlled trial, we aim to determine the effect of meaning-centered pain coping skills training (MCPC), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), on pain self-efficacy and life expectancy in women with breast cancer.

We enrolled 45 adults females with stage III breast cancer referred to the Bazarganan Hospital and Roshana Oncology clinic in Tehran, were randomly assigned to one of the three MCPC (n = 15), MBSR (n = 15) or control (n = 15) groups. MCPC is a 6-session and MBSR is a systematic educational program during an 8-week period. The control group had no additional contact. Measures assessing the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Snyder Adult Hope Scale were administered at baseline, post-intervention, and 2-month follow-up.

Both the MCPC and MBSR groups achieved significant improvement in pain self-efficacy  and life expectancy with statistically significant differences between groups. However, no significant difference was reported between the effectiveness of the interventions used in the present study on self-efficacy in breast cancer patients. Thus, the intervention of MCPC showed a greater effect on increasing life expectancy in breast cancer patients (P<0.001).

Our findings, which found that the MCPC and MBSR group had improved in at both post-intervention and follow-up compared to the control group. These interventions may provide an important avenue for alleviating suffering in patients facing pain from breast cancer.