فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1403)

Claims that a particular policy has been "successful" are common in the political landscape of governments. However, few such claims are systematically justified with specific evidence. This article seeks to answer the question: "What are the valid reasons for the success or failure of a particular policy?" Based on this, the research and technology section of Iran's sixth development plan has been evaluated with a framework consisting of process, program, and politics (3p) dimensions. Qualitative research methodology based on process tracing and using the case study research strategy has tested the propositions of the analytical framework of triple flows in a specific context. The results indicate that the success rate of this macro-policy in the ten years from 2014 to 2023 is generally controversial-uncertain success (at a lower-than-average level). In conclusion, the challenges of policy success lack or achieved opportunities of policy success have presented.

The policy landscape is changing; Because artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly integrated into policy-making processes. This article first analyzes the modernization of policymaking by artificial intelligence and then examines the challenges and opportunities presented by these changes, with the aim of providing insight on how artificial intelligence can increase the efficiency, accuracy and responsiveness of policy evaluations. The main question of the article is what challenges do policy makers face when integrating artificial intelligence technologies into the public policy cycle. Our hypothesis is that the integration of artificial intelligence in public policymaking will lead to more accurate policymaking and policy evaluation, faster feedback loops, and ultimately more effective policy outcomes compared to traditional evaluation methods. The final conclusion shows that our hypothesis is strengthened and data processing through the proposed algorithm along with artificial intelligence techniques creates valuable information for decision makers in the field of public policy. The current research is of a descriptive-analytical type and the researchers have summarized this article using the library method.

In the last decade, fundamental changes have been made in relation to the place of technology in human life, and new issues have been raised in relation to the digitalization of politics and changes in political and security attitudes. Today, artificial neural networks and algorithmic governance are used to monitor, control and regulate human actions. One of the areas in which artificial intelligence has found an important application is security in its broadest sense, including defense or military security, human security (information, internal security and economic and financial security), occupational security, health security and cyber security (information security). and the Internet of Things). These innumerable application areas and the inability of humans to exercise full control like machines force people in the security community to think about the possible vulnerabilities and security gaps caused by this evolving technology. Hence, technology is always a constant source of uncertainties. There have been risks, changes and in many cases disruptions. The main question of the current article is how artificial intelligence causes the evolution of human abilities in the field of national security policymaking? The central hypothesis is that considering that the use of large-scale analysis supports data analysis and managerial decision-making, the adoption of new technologies plays a vital role in decision-making at organizational levels. And someone plays a security role. In this article, by focusing on this question and hypothesis, the consequences of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of security will be considered.

Artificial intelligence has made significant changes in human life and one of the most important areas affected by this technological progress is the area of war and violent conflicts between states. Hence, understanding of its dimensions and consequences is necessary to manage future conditions. The research question is, from the perspective of the strategic policies of the American, Russian and Chinese states, what effect does artificial intelligence have on the nature of war? In this research, the method of qualitative content analysis was used using MaxQD software. The results of the research show that from the point of view of the three states, all three indicators of the nature of Clausewitz's war undergo positive and negative changes under the influence of artificial intelligence. The changes that cause the transformation of the tools, methods and features of war between the states and this transformation makes it more necessary to redefine the security strategy of the states to face the threats.

The term Digital Economy refers to the development of ICT in Economics. This development has led to a transformation in economic activities related to goods and services. It has also changed the relationships between the government, businesses, and citizens. The ecosystem of this emerging paradigm has confronted the previous assumptions in the process of public policy governing the traditional economy with transformations. As a result, penal policy-making, which serves as a subsequent tool for implementing sectoral policies, is also not exempt from these changes. Hence, the question is how the digital economy impacts the cycle of penal policy-making with its requisites. The research shows that using the traditional economy's penal policy structures in the digital economy, considering recent experiences in digital economy policy-making and the principles of criminal law, may be incompatible with its requirements. This could negatively impact the policy-making cycle, disrupt the digital economy ecosystem, and prevent the government from effectively implementing this new tool of power globally.

The general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran are ambiguous at both theoretical and practical levels. On the one hand, there is no clear definition of these policies, on the other hand, there is no unity of procedure in their formulation, implementation, evaluation and monitoring. This research aims to analysis the existing situation and present a model for formulation the general policies of the system. The data of this research is a combination of documentary data and interviews with the secretaries of the commissions of the Expediency Discernment Council, which are analyzed under the Grounded theory, The results have been presented in the pattern with three-stage: "Compilation, Explanation and supervision" of the general policies. In this model, the role of macro policies as connecting ideals to actions, timely and reality-based policy making, the necessity of effective cooperation with executive organizations, and the importance of monitoring policies as a complement to the policy cycle have been taken into consideration.

The right to health is one of the components of social citizenship, which in itself requires positive government intervention. Because the realization of this type of right is a government commitment and therefore, the economic and social components of society are directly related to the health index. While explaining the economic adjustment policy and examining the health policies in the country, this article has examined the country's health policy-making process with regard to such an approach. The results show that the implementation of the privatization policy and the reduction of costs of public and social services, including health services, compared to other countries, has led to many harms to citizens And the privatization of public goods such as health, in addition to harming citizenship rights and the failure to realize social citizenship, has also had adverse consequences.

The main question of the article is: considering the developments in the South Caucasus, especially after the Second Karabakh War in 2020 and the conflicts between these two actors in 2023, which led to the capture of Nagorno-Karabakh by Baku; What approaches should the Islamic Republic of Iran take towards this Region, especially in relation to Armenia?To answer this question, by using the basics and components of aggressive neoclassical realism theory, policy prescriptions will be discussed. The findings of the research, emphasizing the necessity of adopting comprehensive nationalist approaches, enumerate the importance of changing the way Iran's political elites look at the events of this region and emphasize on things such as: taking seriously the threat of the Baku-Israel alliance and establishing a deep multi-dimensional Relationship with Armenia. The research method is matching the theory with the case and extracting relevant prescriptions and the method of data collection is also in the form of a library.

This study reviews and compares knowledge, innovation, and business ecosystems, highlighting their similarities, differences, and interactions. The knowledge ecosystem emphasizes knowledge production and exchange through collaboration between universities, research institutions, and companies. The innovation ecosystem focuses on creating shared value by developing and commercializing innovations, involving a network of companies and institutions. The business ecosystem centers around creating economic value through dynamic competition, often structured around a central company or platform. A systematic literature review using bibliometric and content analysis was conducted to analyze existing studies. The findings reveal that while these ecosystems have distinct objectives and structures, they share overlaps that facilitate synergy and stronger interconnections. Such interactions enhance productivity and efficiency and contribute to sustainable economic growth and innovation. This study presents a comparative framework that can serve as a guide for researchers and policymakers in shaping inter-ecosystem interactions.

The rapid growth of complex issues in organizations necessitates collaboration and involvement from all stakeholders at various levels to achieve organizational goals. Multilevel governance has emerged as a particularly significant phenomenon. This research aims to identify key references and global trends in multilevel governance as an opportunity in the governance arena. To achieve this, bibliometric analysis was conducted on scientific outputs indexed in the Web of Science from 1996 to 2023. The findings reveal a notable increase in scientific production in this area, indicating its growing importance among researchers. The United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States have produced the most scholarly work in the past decade. Additionally, institutions such as the University of London and Cardiff University are recognized as prominent centers in this field. Research is predominantly focused on environmental studies, political science, and public administration, providing a conducive environment for achieving research objectives. Recommendations are also presented in relation to the subject.