فهرست مطالب

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:27 Issue: 1, Jan 2025

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1403/10/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Mohammad Kordkatouli, Mehr Ali Mahmood Janlou, Aryan Sateei, Mirmohammadhossein Mousavi, Audrius Dulskas Page 1

    Context: 

    Nanotechnology, specifically nanoparticles, has revolutionized cancer therapy through enhanced drug delivery, precise imaging, and accurate diagnosis. Their ability to target cancer cells directly with minimal side effects makes them especially promising for treating colorectal cancer (CRC), allowing for more effective treatments.

    Methods

    A systematic literature review was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar) using MeSH terms such as nanoparticles, cancer, drug delivery, and target cells. The objectives of this review were to examine the effectiveness of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, evaluate their targeting mechanisms, and assess their impact on treatment outcomes for CRC. Study eligibility, participant inclusion criteria, and specific intervention types were critically analyzed to ensure a comprehensive understanding.

    Results

    Nanoparticle-based systems have demonstrated significant promise in shrinking tumors, improving drug accumulation at the tumor site, and facilitating easier surgical removal. These systems enhance drug efficacy, reduce toxicity, and overcome biological barriers in CRC, particularly through the use of pH-responsive and thermoresponsive nanoparticles.

    Conclusions

    The application of nanoparticles for drug delivery represents a safe and effective treatment option, demonstrating improved targeting, reduced side effects, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, and scalability of these systems, alongside their optimization for clinical use in personalized treatments.

    Keywords: Nanoparticle, Cancer, Oncogene, Target Cell
  • Seyed Mostafa Ghasemi Najarkolaee, Mohammad Kordkatouli, Zahra Salari, Reza Yusofvand, Pooya Samian Page 2

    Context: 

    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, particularly in developed countries. Despite advances in detection and treatment, CRC remains difficult to diagnose in its early stages, complicating patient outcomes. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators in cancer biology, offering new opportunities for cancer diagnostics.

    Evidence Acquisition: 

    This review highlights the molecular mechanisms through which LncRNA ROR influences CRC development, its diagnostic potential as a biomarker, and the future challenges of integrating LncRNA ROR into clinical practice.

    Results

    Future research must focus on large-scale validation studies and explore the therapeutic implications of targeting LncRNA ROR.

    Conclusions

    Overall, this review positions LncRNA ROR as a promising biomarker with potential applications in both CRC diagnosis and treatment.

    Keywords: Colorectal Cancer (CRC), Long Non-Coding Rnas (Lncrnas), Lncrna ROR, Biomarkers
  • Ghasem Miri-Aliabad, Zahra Shahraki Ghadimi, Behnam Soltani, Zeynab Nasri Nasrabadi Page 3
    Background

    Oral mucositis is a significant side effect in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, particularly in pediatric oncology.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and its associated factors in children with malignancies.

    Methods

    This descriptive, prospective study included 100 children under 16 years of age with lymphohematopoietic malignancies, solid tumors, or central nervous system tumors admitted to the pediatric oncology department due to mucositis. Patients were categorized into three age groups: Zero - 5 years, 6 - 10 years, and 11 - 16 years. Data collected included demographic details such as age, sex, type of malignancy, and mucositis severity. The chi-square statistical test was used for data analysis.

    Results

    The average age of participants was 7.84 ± 3.93 years. Sixty-one percent of the patients were boys, and 39% were girls. The age group 0 - 5 years had the highest prevalence of mucositis, while the 11 - 16 years age group had the lowest.The majority of mucositis cases (64%) were observed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients (12%), and other malignancies (24%).Grade II mucositis was the most common, affecting 34% of patients, while grade IV mucositis was the least common, affecting 13% of patients.

    Conclusions

    Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis was most prevalent among children with acute leukemia, constituting three-quarters of the cases. Grade II mucositis was the most frequently observed severity level, while grade IV mucositis was the least frequent. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to manage and prevent mucositis, particularly in high-risk groups like pediatric leukemia patients.

    Keywords: Oral Mucositis, Chemotherapy, Children
  • Mohammad Rezaei, Solmaz Mehrfar, Farzad Weisi Page 4
    Background

    Most people with profound hearing loss have problems in speech intelligibility that related to their phonological ability and linguistic skill. The objectives of this research are to assess the clarity of speech and the complexity of words in children with hearing impairments who use cochlear implants (CI) and those who use hearing aids (HA).

    Objectives

    Additionally, it aims to explore the connection between speech clarity and word complexity in these children.

    Methods

    A total of fifty children with hearing loss (average age = 4.5 ± 0.8 years) were divided into two equal groups: One group consisting of 25 children with CI and another group with 25 children using hearing aids. Speech intelligibility of participants was evaluated by the repetitive word list. The criterion for examining the word complexity was the syllable number of each word.

    Results

    The results showed that the CI group had better speech intelligibility than the HA group. There is a significant positive correlation between word complexity and speech intelligibility in hearing impaired children (P < 0.001).

    Conclusions

    According to the results of this study, the CI children showed better speech intelligibility than HA because of the effectiveness of implantation on auditory input. On the other hand, the word complexity also contributes to the level of speech intelligibility. Therefore, experts working in the field of management and clinical education of these children need to consider the word complexity and other factors affecting the speech intelligibility.

    Keywords: Deaf, Hearing Aid, Cochlear Implant, Speech Intelligibility, Complexity
  • Nader Hamedchaman, Amir Maleki, Zahra Kahe, Masoumeh Hosseini, Ali Delpisheh Page 5
    Background

    Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is widely used in clinical practice for various ailments. However, its use is associated with detrimental effects on the liver, including inflammation and oxidative stress. Selenium, an essential trace element, may serve as an effective ergogenic aid by enhancing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve liver health.

    Objectives

    The current study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of selenium supplementation and HIIT on dexamethasone-induced liver inflammation in rats.

    Methods

    Forty male Wistar rats (aged 6 - 8 weeks, 150 - 190 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8 per group): (1) Normal control (NC), (2) dexamethasone control (DC), (3) dexamethasone + high-intensity interval training + saline (DT), (4) dexamethasone + selenium supplement (DS), and (5) dexamethasone + selenium supplement + high-intensity interval training (DST). The training groups performed HIIT at a velocity of 24 - 34 m/min (~85% - 100% VO 2max ) for four weeks (5 days/week). Supplement groups received 100 mg of selenium (on odd days) via oral gavage. Inflammatory induction was achieved through subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg for 3 days). Gene expression levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-1β) in liver tissue were determined using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests (P < 0.05).

    Results

    Four weeks of dexamethasone supplementation significantly downregulated the inflammatory markers IL-4 (P = 0.077) and IL-1β (P = 0.029). Subsequently, HIIT and selenium supplementation were associated with significant modulation of IL-4 and IL-1β (P < 0.05). According to the Bonferroni results, HIIT combined with selenium supplementation had the greatest impact on the modulation of inflammatory markers in liver tissue.

    Conclusions

    These findings suggest that selenium supplementation combined with HIIT can effectively improve inflammatory conditions in individuals suffering from liver metaflammation.

    Keywords: High Intensity Interval Training, Selenium, NAFLD
  • Mohammad Seyedahmadi, Karim Khalaghi, Amirhesam Saffar Page 6
    Background

    Genu varum, a common knee alignment issue, may negatively affect physical performance in athletes, particularly in sports requiring balance, agility, and strength, such as football.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to examine the impact of genu varum on dynamic balance, core muscle endurance, and various athletic performance metrics in male football players.

    Methods

    This descriptive and correlational study included 42 young football players, 21 with genu varum and 21 without. All participants trained at least three times per week and were screened for genu varum using a caliper. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants completed tests to assess dynamic balance, core muscle endurance, lower body strength, agility, and speed. Key performance evaluations included the Sargent Jump test, a 9x4 meter agility test, and a 36-meter sprint. Independent t -tests were conducted to compare the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22, with a significance level set at 0.05.

    Results

    Significant differences were found between the two groups. Players with genu varum showed reduced dynamic balance in all directions (anterior: P = 0.001, posterior-medial: P = 0.002, posterior-lateral: P = 0.004), lower body strength (P = 0.001), agility (P = 0.02), abdominal muscle endurance (P = 0.004), and sprint speed (P = 0.003) compared to players without genu varum.

    Conclusions

    The findings indicate that genu varum adversely affects essential athletic performance components, including balance, strength, agility, and speed, in young football players. These deficits may increase the risk of injury and impede long-term athletic development.

    Keywords: Genu Varum, Young Athletes, Dynamic Balance, Agility, Lower Body Strength, Football, Performance
  • Samaneh Tahmasebi Ghorabi, Arian Karimi Rouzbahani, Masoumeh Ghafarzadeh, Mojgan Kaviani, Banafsheh Derikvand, Azin Niazi, Fatemeh Yari Page 7
    Background

    The current and alarming situation of the COVID-19 pandemic may cause anxiety in pregnant women.

    Objectives

    Given the importance of both physical and mental health for expectant women, this study investigated COVID-19 anxiety among pregnant women referred to Asalian Hospital in Khorramabad during 2021 - 2022.

    Methods

    This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women referred to Asalian Hospital in Khorramabad. A total of 253 pregnant women were included in the study based on the study criteria and the available sampling method. The Corona Virus Anxiety Scale was used to collect data through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t -tests were employed to examine the data, with the significance level set at 0.05.

    Results

    The mean age of expectant women was 27.7 ± 3.56 years. The average anxiety score among the pregnant women was 4.39 ± 3.99, with physical and mental dimension scores of 1.67 ± 1.89 and 2.71 ± 2.15, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the average anxiety scores related to COVID-19 based on education, place of residence, and the number of pregnancies (P < 0.05).

    Conclusions

    The present study found that pregnant women experienced a low level of anxiety in response to COVID-19. The average score for the psychological aspect of COVID-19-related anxiety among these women was greater than that for the physical aspect. Therefore, by increasing public awareness about COVID-19 and providing positive psychological programs in the media aimed at managing stress, anxiety in pregnant women can be effectively reduced.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Pregnant Women, Pregnancy, Corona
  • Somaye Ansari Moghadam, Saeid Hoseinbor, Masoud Bamedi, Alireza Ranjbaran Page 8
    Background

    Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are prevalent inflammatory conditions that can result in tooth loss and systemic health complications. Genetic factors, such as blood group antigens and Rh factor, may influence susceptibility to these conditions.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to examine the association between ABO blood groups, Rh factor, and the prevalence of periodontal diseases in individuals visiting the Blood Transfusion Organization in Saravan, Iran.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional study included 368 participants (200 men and 168 women), aged 19 - 57 years, with equal representation across the ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, and O). Clinical assessments were performed to evaluate periodontal status, and blood samples were collected for ABO and Rh factor typing. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-squared tests and logistic regression to assess the relationship between blood group, Rh status, and periodontal disease prevalence. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Results

    Among the participants, 54.3% (n = 200) had periodontal diseases. Individuals with blood group B showed the highest prevalence of periodontal diseases (18.75%), followed by group O (14.68%), group A (12.5%), and group AB (8.43%). Rh-positive individuals had a significantly higher prevalence (51.1%) compared to Rh-negative individuals (3.26%). Logistic regression analysis indicated significantly increased odds of periodontal diseases in individuals with blood group B (OR = 2.111, 95% CI: 1.126–3.958, P = 0.020) and Rh-positive status (OR = 5.559, 95% CI: 2.824 - 10.944, P < 0.001).

    Conclusions

    Blood group B and Rh-positive status are significantly associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases, highlighting the role of genetic factors in disease susceptibility. These findings underscore the importance of personalized preventive and therapeutic approaches in dental care, particularly for individuals at greater genetic risk. Further research is necessary to confirm these associations and explore the underlying mechanisms.

    Keywords: Periodontal Disease, ABO Blood Group System, Rh Blood Group System, Genetic Predisposition
  • Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei Hanzaei, Mohamad Khajeh Mehrizi, Marziye Rezaei * Page 9
    Background

    In recent years, the use of chemical dyes in the textile industry has caused numerous environmental problems.Consequently, there has been growing interest in natural dyes, particularly those derived from plants, as alternatives. The searchfor new dye sources, including plant-based options, has become a focal point.

    Objectives

    This study investigated the potential use of the sour tea plant ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) as a dye for silk products.

    Methods

    To dye silk goods, it is necessary to clean the silk yarn to remove waste materials such as grease, wax, thorns,shavings, and dirt before the dyeing process. For this purpose, 2 g/L of non-ionic textile soap was used for washing. The silk yarnwas soaked and washed in a bath containing 2 g/L of detergent at a liquor ratio (L:R) of 1:50 for 30 minutes at 60°C. Initially, theyarns were introduced into the bath at 30°C, and the temperature was gradually increased to 60°C, where they were washed for30 minutes. The antimicrobial properties were assessed using the disk diffusion method, measuring the diameter of theinhibition zones against bacteria.

    Results

    The results of the color difference analysis of the samples revealed that the greatest color difference was associatedwith the dry dye. In this type of dyeing, both in the metachrome and prechrome methods, the oxalic acid variable produced agreater color difference compared to acetic acid. Conversely, in dyeing using the dye extract method, acetic acid resulted in agreater color difference. In the method using the extract of dandelion root, the largest color difference was observed in both theprechrome and metachrome methods. The findings also indicated that the diameter of the inhibition zone for the sour teaextract at a concentration of 50 mg/mL was largest against Staphylococcus aureus (6 mm), while the smallest inhibition zonediameter at the same concentration was observed against Enterococcus faecalis (4 mm).

    Conclusions

    The results of this study demonstrated that the sour tea plant possesses effective color-generating andantimicrobial properties.

    Keywords: Sour Tea, Dyeing, Silk, Antimicrobial Properties
  • Mohammad Kalateh Agha Mohammadi, Haniyeh Ghaffari Nazari, _ Sheida Yazdani, Sharmin Fatehbabamiri, Abbas Hajifathali, Mahshid Mehdizadeh, Katayoun Najafizadeh * Page 10
    Background

    The primary cause of mortality in pulmonary embolism (PE) is believed to be the lack of emergency treatment.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to assess the outcomes of primary treatment and evaluate complications based on the type ofmedication used in Iranian PE patients after hospital discharge.

    Methods

    This retrospective study was conducted on 108 PE patients admitted to Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran,during 2018 - 2019. Clinical manifestations, treatment methods, drug-related complications, and prognosis were analyzedwithin six months post-discharge.

    Results

    A significant association was observed between underlying diseases and the mortality rate (P < 0.05). The frequencyof prescribed medications in PE patients was as follows: 60% for rivaroxaban, 9% for apixaban, 14% for warfarin, and 17.5% forenoxaparin. No significant correlation was found between death, bleeding, and the type of drug used.

    Conclusions

    The increased mortality rate in PE patients is strongly associated with underlying conditions, such as cancer. Theuse of anticoagulants significantly reduces mortality rates in PE patients.

    Keywords: Pulmonary Embolism, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Warfarin, Enoxaparin