Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A
Volume:8 Issue: 7, Jul 2025

This work aincluded the preparation of a new heterogeneous ring compound of azo-chalcone by the ring-closing process using some compounds such as methyl urea, methyl thiaurea, p-amino phenol, 2-dinitrophenyl hydrazine, and naphthalene-2,3-diamine. We prepared penta, hexa, and octa membered ring compounds. Azo dyes have distinctive, attractive colors that vary according to the difference in the groups substituted on the ring. They are prepared by the reaction of nitrosation, presence of contracted hydrochloric acid and 10% NaOH, and finally the formation of diazonium salts and azo dyes. At the end of this investigation, the toxicological activity against two types of cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer were examined. The synthesized compounds are characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR.

The study was aimed at assessing the phytochemical composition and antibacterial efficacy of Parquetina nigrescens leaves against particular pathogenic microorganisms. In this work, N-Hexane, chloroform, and methanol were used to extract the Parquetina nigrescens. The phytochemical components of the extracts were examined and investigations into the extracts' antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. areuginosa, and E. coli were also conducted. The results of the phytochemical examination showed that the extracts included possess various amounts of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids. As a result of the presence of many phytochemicals, the results of the phytochemical screening suggested that P. nigrescens may have various biological applications. Parquetina nigrescens may be a powerful antibacterial agent, according to the findings of the antimicrobial activities. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) revealed that Parquetina nigrescens extracts had high potentials in comparison to the control. Moreover, the results of this study suggested that Parquetina nigrescens may hold promise for the creation of effective pharmaceuticals.

Based on the structural features of vorinostat, a new set of imidazolo-triazole hydroxamic acid derivatives were designed (F1-F4). Then all the designed molecules were molecular docked against HDAC 2 receptor. F4 showed maximum binding energy of -8.7 kcal/mol and standard vornostat showed -7.2 kcal/mol. All the designed molecules were simulated using Gromacs software to calculate RMSD, RMSF, and other MD simulation data. All simulation data showed good interaction between ligand and receptor. Then all the molecules were synthesized by three parts: synthesis of para nitrophenyl linked triazolo hydroxamic acid, and oxazolone derivative. In a separate flask, substituted oxazolone derivatives were synthesized from aromatic aldehyde. In the final step, substituted oxazolone and para nitrophenyl linked triazolo hydroxamic acid were reacted to produce final set of molecules (F1-F4). DFT analyses were also performed to identify the most reactive molecule and F4 emerged as most chemically reactive molecule with good electrophilicity. Furthermore, in vitro antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line showed that F4 was the most effective anticancer molecule among all the synthesized molecules.

Using prickly pear juice and a green chemistry technique, AuNPs were created for this study. The UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used to verify the synthesized AuNPs. whereas peak position was at 548 nm while in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was less than 500 1/cm, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing spherical in structure and X-ray diffraction with a size 19.92-133.97 nm, the optical effect of gold nanoparticles were impact in get rid of eosin remain by increasing the optical analysis of Pollutants. The hemolysis percentage is < 5% which indicates that these nanoparticles are not toxic.

A 100-ns MD simulation of the apo-protein and compound A protein complex was carried out using RMSD and RMSF evaluations to investigate the stability of the tested complex with regards to the HDAC-2 target site. The apoprotein (C𝛼) showed a significant RMSD value of 0.90 Å throughout the simulation period with no major fluctuation, showing the conformational stability of the apo-protein structure. In addition, the compound A/protein complex displayed stability during the simulation period with an RMSD value of 1.6 Å, suggesting a low chance of compound escape from the target pocket with no fluctuation.

This study aimed to create novel azo compounds (Z1-Z4) via amic acid compounds (A1-A4) as intermediate, and then the structures of synthetic compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The synthesized azo compounds may be classified as direct dyes, based on their coloristic and application qualities. In addition, the study aimed to examine the antibacterial effects of these compounds on medically significant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as fungal strains. Novel azo derivatives had good results when tested with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli as well as against Aspergillus Niger, aspergillus fumigatus fungi.

In this work, the Pines plant, a cheap agricultural waste, is used in a batch manner to remediate synthetic wastewater that contains dyes. A cationic and anionic dye that is frequently used in the textile industry, Reactive red120 (RR-120), and disperse blue 79(DB-79) was employed to create the simulated wastewater. Biochar from pine plants treated with HCl (BC-HCl) was utilized. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to investigate and characterize the activated carbon. Morphological investigations revealed multiple layers with extremely porous surfaces, particularly following acid-induced carbon activation. Analysis was done on the equilibrium for the adsorption of Reactive red120 (RR-120), and disperse blue 79(DB-79) onto waste BC-HC. The BC-HC was made by impregnating hydrochloric acid into dried Pines plant biochar, then carbonizing and activating it at 300 °C. The findings demonstrated that when the initial, Reactive red120 (RR-120), and dispersed blue 79(DB-79) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature rose, so did the dyes elimination. The Langmuir, and Freundlich, isotherms were used to examine the equilibrium data. The Freundlich isotherm best-fitted the adsorption, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity of 90.211 mg g-1 , 92.23 mg g-1 at 25 °C for Reactive red120 (RR-120), and dispersed blue 79(DB-79). Based on thermodynamic investigations, the adsorption mechanism was proposed to be the presence of intra-particle diffusion with additional rate-controlling processes, with the process being spontaneous and endothermic.

This study presents the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new amic and imide derivatives incorporating bis (phosphonic acid) moieties. The key starting material, [(4-aminophenyl) (hydroxyl)methylene] bis (phosphonic acid) (1), was reacted with various cyclic anhydrides-succinic, maleic, 1,8-naphthalic, 3-nitrophthalic, glutaric, cis-1,3,4,6-tetrahydrophthalic, and pyromellitic dianhydride (2)-to yield the corresponding amic acids (3a–3f and 5g). These amic acids were subsequently dehydrated using acetic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate under reflux, producing novel imide derivatives (4a–4f and 6g). The synthesized compounds were characterized through various physical and spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 31P NMR).

This study involves preparing some of the azo phenolic chlorinated compounds and studying their properties as a fire retardant with commercial polyurethane according to ASTM (American Society Test of Materials), where the use of ratios is adding different from azo phenolic chlorinated compounds. Azo phenolic chlorinated compounds were developed as a flame retarding material by increasing the chlorine atoms. The azo phenolic chlorinated compounds with different numbers and places of substituted chlorine atoms were prepared. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) predicted the chemical structure of the azo phenolic chlorinated compounds. In addition, the efficiency of the sample increases as an inhibitor of fire, by increasing the number of chlorine atoms and increasing the proportion of azo phenolic chlorinated compounds added.

The synthesis of 2, 2’-[ethane-1,2dylbis (oxy)] dibenzaldehyde (N), thiocarbondisulfate ligands (W) and its metal complexes was studied in the work. Synthetic reaction was accomplished in two stages by reacting salicylaldehyde and sodium carbonate in DMF media, and then 1,2-dibromoethane equivalent was added. By mixing hydrazine and CS2, W was synthesized. Ligand (W) was produced by adding an ethanol metal chloride solution to a collection of metal ions. After that, the ligand N was introduced and dissolved. In DMF at a (0.5 M N: W) molar ratio to create five novel compounds. Using physicochemical techniques (FT-IR, electron spectral analysis, mass, ¹H-NMR, and 13C NMR spectra, analysis of elements, magnetic susceptibility, and molar concentration), the isolated composition entity of the synthesized compounds was verified (conductivity). Based on characterization data, octahedral compounds with the chemical formula [MLCl2] were formed. The antibacterial effect of the title components (ligands and complexes) was evaluated as an antioxidant when M= Co (ll), Ni (ll), Cu (ll), Zn (ll), and Cd (ll). The results showed that the mineral compounds lost their activity relative to L.