نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 105 (آذر 1403)

During many centuries and especially in the last few centuries, the family has accepted various forms and has become different in various cultures, but it is clear that the family in its various forms has always had multiple functions. Family can be considered as one of the most important areas of social life, which has a great impact on the lives of people, especially women. The findings indicate that according to the discourse analysis of the statements and the ideological atmosphere of the leader of the revolution, who has placed following Islamic teachings at the top of his approach and behavior, it is possible to emphasize the greatness of the status of women and glorify their achievements. Also, the leader of the revolution constantly emphasizes with categories such as Islamic values, humanity, equality, motherhood, courage, right and obligation to participate in determining the fate of women, and by promoting the position of women in all aspects of personal, social and Politically, believes that women should be responsible for building and protecting the political order based on Islam and divine values. Therefore, Ayatollah Khamenei, the leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran system, has expressed some issues about the position and social role of women. In the current research, the thoughts of the supreme leader of the revolution on this issue have been investigated.

Sea-oriented development as a national macro strategy plays a pivotal role in Iran's economic, social and political progress. In the maritime domain, activities such as maritime transport, tourism, fisheries, energy, ports and shipbuilding and offshore industries are included. In this regard, international law as a set of rules and norms governing the relations between governments in the seas can be a useful tool to realize this. Due to Iran's strategic role in the region and having a sea border in the north and south of Iran, it is known as a maritime country. In this research, which is analytical-descriptive, we are looking for an answer to this question, how international law strategies can help the sea-oriented development and improvement of maritime and port management in Iran? The hypothesis is that international law strategies create legal frameworks that can play a key role in the maritime development and improvement of Iran's maritime and port management by facilitating international cooperation and attracting foreign investors. These strategies can be maritime conventions and especially the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and membership in international organizations, especially the International Maritime Organization. Obstacles such as sanctions and non-membership in the World Trade Organization are difficult to face in the path of development, and he took steps to solve them by presenting suggestions and solutions. It exists by examining the role of international law strategies in Iran's sea-oriented development with a focus on port and maritime dimensions, and in this research, how these strategies contribute to sea-oriented development and improving Iran's position in the field of international trade is analyzed.

Trade agreements can play a key role in the growth of developing countries and pave the way for economic and social progress. One of the important aspects of these agreements is the commitment to promote gender equality and protect women’s rights in the labor market. Many trade agreements include clauses that improve the situation of women, increase equal employment opportunities, and strengthen their rights in the workplace. In this article, focusing on the free trade agreement between Chile and the European Union and using library and internet resources, and an analytical-descriptive method, the impact of this agreement on improving women’s rights in Chile is examined on a case-by-case basis. The findings of this article show that the free trade agreement between Chile and the European Union has been able to have a positive impact on improving women’s rights in this country by creating more economic opportunities and adopting new protective laws. Among the important results of this agreement are the increase in women's participation in the labor market, improvement of their wages and working conditions, and promotion of access to economic resources. Also, these agreements have played an important role in reducing gender discrimination and promoting social justice in the workplace. Therefore, it can be said that such agreements not only contribute to the economic development of countries, but also play an important role in strengthening women's rights and equality.

The present research compares the benefits of unseen aid in the Quran and the Old Testament, because a major part of God's unseen aid in the Holy Qur'an is about the Children of Israel or the people of Moses. The purpose of writing this research is to express this issue to explain that the unseen aids are the aids that are sent imperceptibly from God to help the believers or the torment and destruction of their enemies in political, social and military conflicts and challenges and from the perspective of the Holy Quran in some cases, it has similarities with the Old Testament in terms of type, conditions and functions. The findings and results of this research indicate that despite the differences in the concept, types, conditions and functions of the tradition of occult help in the Holy Quran and the Old Testament, there are significant commonalities in the aforementioned fields, similar to what the verses of the Holy Quran are used for. , the liberation of the people of Bani Israel from the slavery and captivity of Pharaoh and the inheritance of the earth in the direction of freely worshiping the Almighty God. Some other types of aid are related to the Muslim community at the forefront of Islam. The research method used is a library method with reference to Quranic and commentary documents and it is described in a descriptive and analytical way and it tries to answer the question that what are the differences and similarities in the field of supernatural aid in the Holy Quran and the Old Testament?

The right of pre-emption is provided by the legislator in legal actions such as the sale of immovable property for some persons in the civil law of Iran. The Pre-Emption is a financial right, and in the division of financial rights, it is considered an objective right and, like other contracts, it can be revoked in two ways, explicit and implicit. The main questions that this article seeks to answer are: What are the examples of the right of the pre-emption in Iran's rules and laws? Which persons are deprived of the right of the pre-emption? The topic of this article was to investigate and recognize the right of pre-emption in the subject law of Iran, and we sought to find out what factors cause the right of pre-emption to be created for some people. Pre-emption is a long-standing system in Iranian jurisprudence and civil rights. The right of pre-emption is a right that arises only in relation to immovable property, so it is an immovable right. It is not possible to transfer the right of Pre-emption to another person, even if it is accompanied by a partner's share. In inheritance, it is transferred along with the ownership, and the heirs continue its legal personality. The right of the pre-emption is invalid for some non-eligible persons, such as non-Reshid and discerning minor, and for some persons such as madmen and the indistinguishable Immature. While answering the mentioned questions, finally, in this research, we aimed to investigate the right of pre- emption in a descriptive-analytical way and express its meaning and conditions.

Recognizing and introducing new theories and studies in various branches of science, which according to the field of study, are appropriate and congruent with Iranian culture, language and civilization, is an inevitable necessity. The theory of the history of mentalities, which is a new method in cultural and historical studies, is of great importance in this regard, due to its method and components. Accordingly, in this article, we aim to translate this theory as presented by Patrick Hutton, a professor of history at the University of Vermont, in an article entitled "The history of mentalities is a new method in cultural history" and make it available to researchers of cultural and historical studies. While introducing the history of mentalities and its connection with the French Anal historiography school, Hutton has introduced the approaches of different historians in this historiography about the process of becoming civilized. Considering that the field of mentalities studies in Iran is unprecedented, attention and emphasis on this theory can liberate historical studies from the control of the historiography tradition which is focused on the deeds of nobles and kings and introduce a new method in Iranian historical studies.