نشریه مطالعات تفسیر تطبیقی
پیاپی 17 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

Some exegetes believe that all chapters of the Qur'an have their own specific message, and that each chapter is therefore significantly different from other chapters. Mahmoud Bastani, an Iraqi scholar, is one of the exegetes who has considered the Qur'an from this perspective and examined Surah Yasin in this style. He believes that the central message and axis of Surah Yasin is verse 10: "It is the same for them whether you warn them or do not warn them, they will not believe." Therefore, he has interpreted all the verses of Surah Yasin in this direction. This verse expresses the central message that the disbelievers have reached such a level of incapability that the warning of the Messenger of God has no effect on them. He believes that Surah Yasin is an elaboration of this verse. Bastani has accomplished this task by using literary and rhetorical devices.Tabatabai also presents a general outline of each chapter before interpreting it. Unlike Bastani, he believes that Surah Yasin deals with the fundamentals of faith, and that it sequentially expresses the three principles of prophecy, tawheed, and the afterlife. It is clear that the difference in perspective of these two exegetes in identifying the message and structure of the chapter has led to differences in the interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an. This research is responsible for examining and reviewing the views of Bastani and Tabatabai on the identification of the message and structure of the chapters of the Qur'an, and its impact on the interpretation of the Qur'an. It also seeks to explain the characteristics and merits of each one.

Considering the significant expansion of communication, knowing the religious teachings, beliefs and traditions of the followers of divine religions from each other and understanding the existing relations between them is a necessary and inevitable thing and is considered as one of the prerequisites for the familiarity and rapprochement of religions. One of the common teachings of Abrahamic religions are the divine traditions that govern human societies and the universe as comprehensive and developmental laws. A part of the divine traditions are the traditions that restrict and stop the actions of humans, and their effects appear accordingly. The purpose of this research is to ask what is the relationship (combination and difference) between the divinely bound traditions related to the believers in the Qur'an and the covenants? This research is organized in a library, descriptive, and comparative-analytical way, and so far no similar research has been presented in an independent and detailed manner. The result indicates that the binding traditions specific to the righteous have a clear effect in the three religions, and there is a significant similarity between them in this regard, which is due to the unity of their source of revelation; However, the difference between the Qur'an and the Testaments in the amount of direct and indirect references to the mentioned traditions can be considered to be influenced by the existence of cultural relationships specific to the followers of each of these books; As the Holy Qur'an has a clear and special superiority over the books of the covenants with the titles of "Sunnah" and "Sunan" and numerous and direct references to the discussed traditions. The other result is that the aforementioned traditions can be divided into two general categories: increasing spiritual blessings such and increasing material blessings and He classified worldly things like.

The belief of some of the authors of the works in the field of interpretations schools is that the authors of the narrative commentaries without any ijtihad have simply collected narrations which often directly refer to some of the words and expressions of the verses. Contrary to this belief, the evidence shows that the authors of these interpretations, in order to discover the meaning of the verses, have made ijtihad in at least two categories of selecting sources and narrations. This research tries to explain the examples of Application of opinions of the authors of famous Shiite narrative interpretations in the topic of abrogation of the verses of peace with the verses of fighting and investigating the influencing factors. The method adopted to achieve this goal is to compare these interpretations with each other and pay attention to their differences in this topic. The results of this research indicate that these interpretations in cases such as addressing or not addressing the category of abrogating the verses of peace with the verses of fighting, the extent of addressing this topic, mentioning or not mentioning conflicting narrations and evaluating or not evaluating the narrations by The commentators are different from each other. The difference in the exegete's interpretation method, the selection of the source by the exegete, and attention to the decreasing number of instances of abrogation in Islamic writings over time, are among the most important factors affecting this distinction of performance. Showing the difference between the Shia narrative interpretations in the topic of abrogation of the verses of peace and the verses of fighting, being affected of Shia interpretations from Sunni sources in the mentioned category and weakening the view of Agha Bozurg Tehrani about Determining the author of Qomi's commentary is one of the findings of this research.

The influence of the Quran on contemporary culture has been the focus of some orientalists and Muslim intellectuals after fifteen centuries have passed since its revelation.The revelatory nature of the words of the Holy Quran on the one hand, and the use of some elements of contemporary culture in many verses of the Holy Quran, on the other hand, make it very necessary to explain and analyze the doubt of the influence of the Quran on the culture of the descent era. In addition to the two points of proof and general denial of the influence and lack of influence of the Qur'an on the culture of the Age of Destruction, we can mention a third point of view, which believes that the Qur'an screened the culture of the Age of Destruction and whatever was in accordance with the teachings It was divine, it confirmed and established, and on what was defined outside the scope of religion, it invalidated or gradually corrected.What is certain is that centuries after the revelation of the Qur'an, the belief in the existence of seven heavens was considered in the teachings of the Qur'an in accordance with Arab knowledge and a reflection of the culture of the time. reflection of contemporary culture in these verses. The method of data collection in this research is a library, and the opinions of some commentators of different kinds about the influence of each of the Qur'an and contemporary culture have been examined and analyzed in a descriptive and analytical methodcontemporary culture,doubt,impressionability,Qur'an, seven heavens, foreign commentators

One of the most important topics in anthropology is the topic of personality, which so far few researches have investigated from the perspective of the Holy Quran. In addition, each of the theorists has given a different definition of personality according to their own understanding, and this issue has created many ambiguities in this field. One of the solutions to eliminate ambiguities is to refer to religious texts, because in these texts, one can extract the basics of human personality and address all areas of existence, both material and non-material. In this article, using the descriptive-analytical method, the basics of human personality have been examined from the perspective of the teachings of the Holy Quran with the comparative approach of the thoughts of the Supreme Leader and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. The findings of the research show that human personality means sensual properties and as the infrastructure and the internal cause of human behavior, the grounds of its formation are the internal dimension such as materiality, transcendence, and the uncontrollable environment and dimension. The outside, like the controllable environment, shapes human voluntary behaviors, some of which are acquired and some non-acquired but influential.

One of the most controversial verses of the Holy Qur'an, which has brought gender inequality to mind in the modern era, is Q 2:228. Muslim scholars within early and medieval centuries, affected by statements attributed to companions and their followers, were believing that the Qur'anic verse Q 2:228 means the absolute superiority of men over women in terms of legal aspects. This reading was considerably popular until the beginning of the 14th/20th century. However, the new updated interpretations have been offered in modern era in accordance with socio-cultural developments in order to meet the emerging needs in Muslim countries. Focusing on prominent contemporary interpreters of the Holy Qur'an, the authors aim to conduct a comparative study of all new interpretations that have been provided for the holy verse Q 2:228. In this research, the various theoretical frameworks which prepared the ground for those new updated interpretations have been identified, which are: Highlighting the concept of duty rather than right, highlighting the concept of difference rather than superiority, and replacing the concept of relative superiority with absolute one.

Among the important categories in the field of interpretation of the Qur'an is the study of interpretative opinions and the analysis of the reasons of the commentators in persuasion of the questions raised, around the verses. Verse 16 of Surah An-Nisa is one of the verses that have received various interpretations and many questions about the abrogation or non-abrogation of the verse, the topic of the verse and the subjects of the verse; While there are many criticisms for the reasons and opinions said.Therefore, the present research has tried to explain the new point of view by descriptive analytical method and by lexical examination and paying attention to the context of the verses and the semantic link of the verse with the verses of its sides while explaining the weaknesses and shortcomings of the interpretation. The result is that verse 16, in continuation and connection to the preceding and following verses, is intended to clarify the rulings related to the Islamic family and to purify the life from infidelity, pollution, and intermarriage after the verses of inheritance and other rulings. Therefore, the verse is related to a man and a woman from an Islamic family who commit sexual infidelity to each other; Paying attention to this matter and being careful in the use of words brings a different approach from the opinion of the famous commentators. In this approach, there has been no copying of this verse or the preceding verse.

The structural interpretation of the Qur'an, the method and method of understanding the heavenly text, is one of the new and attractive fields in the field of contemporary academic studies and has had a significant frequency in the last few decades, and many commentators and researchers have stepped into this field. This method seeks to discover the purpose of the divine text and considers it to be dependent on a deep understanding of the purpose and subject of the surah. Part of the scientific investigation of a method is done by comparing and matching it with other scientific methods. In this sense, this research and the innovative research method based on criteria and the question of the new "inferential" institution, with comparison and matching of methods, is a complement to the comparative study of the interpretation method of the commentators, and in the way of doing the work, it is based on the narrowness of opinions, foundations, criteria. , the sources of comprehensive and structural interpretations of the works of two more or less similar and common viewpoints, Al-Mizan Allameh Tabatabaei and Tafsir Al-Bana'i, Dr. Mahmoud Bostani, conducted a comparative examination of their opinions in the field of structural interpretation, and as a result, the necessity of discovering their functional commonalities and differences and their theoretical and practical rules in Relationships, arrangements, purposes of the verses and topics governing the chapters of Surah Ghafar as an example of Surahs Hawamim, the achievements of Mustafa Valgoi in the direction of producing new concepts and leading to the development of correct understanding.

Purposeful interpretation, or interpretation with a purposeful approach, is a new approach in the field of exegetical studies, which, along with the concern to meet the needs of the day, also emphasizes on paying attention to the author's intention as one of the most important elements of understanding the religious text. The need to pay attention to this issue occurs when, despite the age and density of the interpretive tradition based on the intentionality of meaning, many emerging interpretive theories seriously oppose the centrality of the author's intention and insist on the independence of the text and its meaning from the author. In the contemporary era, Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabaei are two commentators and thinkers who have specially and distinctly paid attention to the objective approach in understanding religion and especially the Holy Qur'an and emphasized the need to return to this important principle. The authors of this article aim to analyze and analyze the most important manifestations of the purposeful approach in their interpretive thoughts, while rereading the interpretative opinions of these two contemporary thinkers and studying them with a descriptive-analytical method. Based on the results of this research, the most important reflection of the purposeful approach in interpretation can be seen in the attention of these two commentators to the interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an based on the general purpose of the Holy Qur'an. Based on this approach, paying attention to the general purpose of each chapter of the Holy Qur'an and looking for the purpose in each context, as a method of understanding the verses of the Holy Qur'an, is considered legitimate, in parallel with the independent interpretation of the verses outside the context in the light of the general purpose.

Some of the attributes attributed to God in the Holy Qur'an provide the basis for attributing oppression and violation to the sacred space of the Lord, among which we can mention mockery of God, deceit, deceit, misguidance and help in rebellion. This type of attributes, if carried in its apparent meaning, leads to the existence of defects for God. The present article was written with the aim of clarifying the meaning of those attributes from the point of view of commentators, relying on the views of Tabarsi and Fakhr Razi. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical, and based on the findings of the research, the use of the word mockery for God can be listed as a problem, and its purpose is punishment and punishment of mockers, humiliation of their position and dignity, deprivation of success and divine approval. God's scheming is used for the purpose of matching words, and it is a precise, calculated and fair plan for punishing God's enemies, which those who are deceived are not aware of it. Also, this kind of cunning and kid can be considered as a kind of delay and importation. God does not have primary errors. Therefore, divine error is a kind of punishment that is realized after disbelief and disobedience. When a person wants to go astray and goes in it, God does not abandon him and does not guide him, and not guiding him is a kind of going astray. Relief in floods can also be considered as a form of respite and respite, and this is the worst divine punishment, which has been interpreted as the handing over of man in numerous verses and authentic traditions.