نشریه تحقیقات اسنادی انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

Shapour Bakhtiar was one of the figures who, despite having privileged positions during the ups and downs of his life, some aspects of his private life and performance are still unsaid and placed in an aura of ambiguity. An example of this can be found in his activities and actions after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain his actions to destroy the Islamic Republic. The main question of the article is what actions did Shapour Bakhtiar take after leaving Iran in the face of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It is a descriptive-analytical research method and a method of collecting library information. The findings of the research show that Bakhtiar's actions took place in several stages. Laying the groundwork for chaos and anarchy in Iran, especially the border areas, destroying the Khuzestan oil pipelines, creating terror in Tehran through multiple explosions, launching publications, magazines and radio stations, broadcasting leaflets against the Islamic Republic, cooperating with the opponents of the republic. Islamic like the Baath regime of Iraq and the opposition Kurds are among the results of this research.

During the period of Reza Shah government, in order to earn more income, a number of crops such as; He monopolized tobacco, and without considering the interests of the people, he gave it to foreign governments under the pretext of financing economic projects in order to achieve huge profits. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to answer the question, what was the reaction of the businessmen and people towards granting tobacco concessions to American companies? The resulting hypothesis is that, with the granting of tobacco concessions to American companies and capitalists, the income of Iranian merchants and farmers who produced and traded this important commodity was greatly reduced, and their freedom of trade was also limited, and thus In order to assert their rights, the majority of them protested against the government's performance and demanded the cancellation of such privileges. This research examines the different dimensions of the subject by relying on reliable historical documents and sources. The findings show that the Pahlavi government made false promises to the people despite being aware of the poor living conditions and widespread protests and believed that granting this privilege to the Americans would be a problem for The economy of the country will not follow, but according to the content of the documents, it can be correctly understood that they only considered the interests of the government.

Understanding the composition and weight of social forces is one of the important fields for understanding political and social developments. The class base of actors in contemporary history, especially during the years of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's rule and the Islamic Revolution, underwent changes such as the expansion of their circle and field of influence. Among them, students have become highly important as part of the middle elite and have become notable activists. Political groups and parties, including the MKO, made great efforts to attract them. This research seeks to answer the question of why students have been given special attention by the MKO, including the Mashhad branch, and what are the consequences of this group's presence in the MKO. The research findings show that student capabilities such as not having to worry about livelihood and being relatively free from livelihood responsibilities, desire for political participation, student base and the MKO belonging to the student environment and the continuity of this presence, as well as the vitality and dynamism of this group were the main reasons that caused the MKO to place a significant part of its organizational and performance burden on them. This was visible in all the city branches of the MKO, including Mashhad. For some reasons, the Mashhad branch of MKO had an existence that was very dependent on its student members from Bahman 1978 and even a little before that, until the end of its movements in the military phase. The research method in this article is a descriptive-analytical research method, based on documents, press, and books.

One of the consequences of the occupation of Iran in September 1941/1320 AD is the spread of leftist ideas in the country. This issue was directly related to the Soviet strategy towards Iran and the chaotic conditions of the country during the occupation period. Although the domination of the Red Army over the northern regions of Iran had provided the necessary conditions for the growth of leftist ideas in these regions, the negative reactions of the Iranian society in the mentioned regions were considered to be one of the effective obstacles in preventing the spread of these ideas in the north of Iran. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors and reasons influencing the formation of negative reactions of the Iranian society against the behavior and political performance of the pro-Soviet left movements in the northern regions of the country. The findings of the research show that factors and reasons such as the occupation of Iran by foreigners and the concern of jeopardizing the political independence and territorial integrity of Iran, as well as the efforts to prevent the division of the northern regions of the country by the left forces, along with the support of the centers of power to these currents to strengthen the nationalism caused in the Iranian society and gradually, as one of the effective factors, provided the grounds for the failure of the pro-Soviet left movements in Iran.

The axis of American foreign policy in the 1940s and 1950s was based on economic, military and technical assistance to the nations of the third world. Countries that had a more sensitive position in terms of geopolitics and geostrategy in the equations of the present and the future; In addition to increasing the influence of America, to prevent the danger of these countries falling into the abyss of communism. The idea of ​​"threat of communism" gave coherence, direction and strategic importance to the foreign aid program of the American government and foundations in advancing the American foreign policy. The educational efforts, cultural and development aid of American foundations in third world countries were complementary to the foreign and financial aid of the American government. The conditions of the Near East Foundation's entry into Iran, the effects of its development activities on the rural development of Iran, and the examination of whether the policies and activities of this foundation are regulated by the foreign policy of the American government in Iran, is the issue of this study. which has been done with the method of historical research analysis and based on documentary sources. The findings of this research show that while the Near East Foundation introduced its principle as "cultivation of good will and self-help of villagers", American President Truman identified the Near East Foundation as "potential for strengthening the broad strategy of containment" (Soviet Communism) and created a reciprocal relationship with it by providing financial support. The foundation faced the pressure of the American government to accelerate special development programs approved by the US Department of State, which led to a deviation in the primary goals of the foundation.

The First World War and the occupation of Iran by foreigners, especially Britain in the south, is an important field in the issue of resistance against foreigners. The people of Bushehr, Tangestan, Dashti and Dashtestan regions were the main focus of these stability. Despite the all-out defense of the people of these areas against the British and their mercenaries, this persistence failed in the end. One of the important issues in this context is the dispersion of local forces and their lack of unity, especially local chiefs against foreigners. The basic question of this research is that what was the nature and positions of the local forces of the above-mentioned regions at this historical point and what effect did it have on their stability against the British? It seems that the different political and economic tendencies and interests of the local chiefs in these areas, the weakness of the central government and the British conspiracies caused the complete and proper exploitation of the potential forces and facilities against the foreigners. This article is done with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and especially documents. The findings of this research indicate that the conflict of political and economic interests of the local leaders in the south and the fundamental differences between the northern and southern areas of Bushehr along with the British conspiracies became the main factors of the failure of these stability and heterogeneous arrangement against the British.

The era of imposed war and sacred defense is considered one of the most important events in the contemporary history of Iran, and its various dimensions have been analyzed by researchers. With the beginning of the Baathist enemy's attacks, during this period, women also voluntarily started their various activities in front and war support headquarters. The aim of the current research is to examine the components of women's sacrifice in the field of supporting and protecting the warriors during the Iran-Iraq imposed war based on archival documents and oral history interviews that have been published in a book. This research, with descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer the question that the manifestations of women's self-sacrifice in the activities of the war support headquarters during the imposed war included what components? The results of the research show that women in the war preparation and support department took selfless actions in meeting the needs of the warriors, such as providing food, attracting cash donations, helping the wounded warriors, laundry and sewing, which were effective in their own way. By playing their role and as an active element in the society, selfless Iranian women compensated for their lack of presence in the front with these activities and fulfilled their religion, which of course were role players in their own way.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran led by Imam Khomeini (RA) is considered one of the most important historical events of the second half of the 20th century. This event was not limited to a specific region, city or part, and the members of the Iranian nation played a significant role in its victory. The people of Ilam province rose up against the tyranny of the Pahlavi regime in 1357 AH, in sync with other regions of Iran. Since the leader of the Islamic revolution was a cleric, therefore following Imam Khomeini (RA), the clerics of Ilam province were among the pioneers and fighters of the Imam movement, and at their suggestion, the people started demonstrations against the Pahlavi regime. For this purpose, this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question, what role did the clerics of Ilam province play in the victory of the Islamic revolution in this province? In response, it should be said that the indigenous militant clerics were responsible for leading and guiding the people against the Pahlavi regime in this movement, and they showed their opposition to the Pahlavi regime by giving speeches, enlightening, issuing declarations, organizing marches, demonstrations and strikes, and in this way, they contributed confirmed and performed in the victory of the Islamic Revolution.

The National Resistance Movement was established by forces that remained loyal to the originality of the anti-colonial movement of the Iranian people and was influenced by the August 19, 1953 coup. Without a doubt, the establishment of the National Resistance Movement was a new chapter in the history of the struggles of the Iranian people and had an important contribution to the political developments of Iran, especially in the years 1963-1960. Without considering the role and function of the resistance movement, it is not possible to know the events of that time period. Therefore, this article wants to examine the importance of the organization of the National Resistance Movement at that time using the descriptive method and reliable library and document sources and with the main question: What was the purpose of establishing the National Resistance Movement and what were the effects of this organization since the coup of August 19, it has affected Iran's political and social atmosphere? The research findings show; the resistance movement was formed with the aim of defending the achievements of the national movement and keeping the national thought alive against the coup government. But with all the weaknesses and problems within the organization, he informed the people and revealed the lack of freedom and the illegitimacy of the Pahlavi II government, and had an impact on the social-political developments of Iran at that time.

With the formation of the Confederation of Iranian Students in western European countries and American in the late 1950s, the protest to the government entered a new phase. The assassination of Mohammad Reza Shah in 1965 was also attributed to the members of the confederacy by the Pahlavi government and according to existing documents. The group accused of assassination were all former members of the British Student Confederation. Parviz Nikkhah was the leader of the group. He was among the Iranian communist students in the confederation supported by the socialists, and when he returned to Iran in 1963, he continued his struggle against the regime by forming a group of his friends. One of the members of Nikkhah group contacted Reza Shamsabadi, a soldier of the Imperial Guard who had a history of political activity and struggle, and encouraged him to assassinate the Shah. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method describes the formation of student confederations, how branching the Nikkhah group and their assassination attempt against Shah is explained. Under the leadership of Nikkhah fascinated by the communist party of China and by creating a "revolutionary organization of the Iranian Tudeh party" China's supporters, separated themselves from the Tudeh Party in the Confederacy. The group in Iran knew the armed struggle and the assassination of the opposition as a major means to advance their goals and plans. So, in order to expedite the leftist struggles, they planned the failure assassination of the Shah, which led to the dissolution of the group.

To Reza Shah's rise to power, the government's attention to the country's military forces increased and the military structure of the Iranian army was established. The formation of the air force during the period of Reza Shah and its comprehensive strengthening during the period of Mohammad Reza Shah was one of the most important military developments in the structure of the Iranian army during the Pahlavi period. But, in spite of all the attention paid to the air force and the high budget and facilities available to this military force, due to various reasons, the internal split and division in this organization expanded day by day and reached its peak on the eve of the Islamic Revolution. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the situation of the Iranian Air Force in the Pahlavi era and its role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution by using descriptive-analytical methods and relying on newspapers, documents and available sources. The findings of the present research show that the different ranks of the Air Force, especially the Homafars, being aware of the internal discrimination and the defective structure of the Iranian army, gradually distanced themselves from the main body of the army and during the victory of the Islamic Revolution, they fought against the imperial system alongside the people, which Accompaniment was one of the reasons for accelerating the victory process of the revolution.

The present study tries to analyze the speech acts in the Qur'anic citations of the representatives of the first parliament of the Islamic Council with a descriptive-analytical approach and by using quantitative and qualitative methods, emphasizing the verses of war and jihad. And answer these questions based on John Searle's speech act model, what types of speech acts did the first representatives of the Islamic Council use? And what results are obtained from the analysis of the frequency of these actions? The findings of the research show that the most speech acts of representatives referring to the verses of the Holy Quran with the number of 40 cases out of 112 cases with 35.71% are related to declarative acts. 26.78 percent of the 30 cases include the obligation. The act of persuasion in the citations of parliamentarians has 25 cases, that is, 22.32% of the speeches. 17 declarative actions, that is, 15.17% of the actions, were dedicated to declarative actions, and finally, no case of emotional speech was seen in these citations. The result of the research indicates that according to the frequency of declarative actions in the representatives' statements, it shows that they were trying to explain the situation to the people.

This research was investigated and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach and using quantitative and qualitative methods.

The most speech act of the representatives' citations to the verses of the Holy Quran with the number of 40 cases out of 112 cases with 35.71% is related to declarative actions. 26.78 percent of the 30 cases include the obligation. The act of persuasion in the citations of parliamentarians has occupied 25 cases, that is, 22.32% of the speeches. 17 cases of declarative action, that is, 15.17% of the actions were dedicated to declarative actions, and finally no case of emotional speech was seen in these citations.

The results of the research indicate that according to the frequency of declarative actions in the representatives' words, it shows that they were trying to explain the situation to the people.