فهرست مطالب

Veterinary Science and Technology - Volume:16 Issue: 4, Autumn 2024

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology
Volume:16 Issue: 4, Autumn 2024

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1403/09/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Kuskur Sannappa Naik Kamalesh Kumar *, George Chandy, Serendran Sooryadas, Dinesh Parathazathayi Pages 1-13
    Minimizing stress during the capture of wild animals is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Oral premedicants have the potential to reduce stress during handling and ease the subsequent administration of anaesthetic drugs. The efficacy of premedication with chlordiazepoxide or haloperidol independently prior to midazolam-ketamine anaesthesia was evaluated in 12 male Bonnet Macaques. Animals were randomly divided into two groups of six animals each (n=6). Animals in Group I were administered chlordiazepoxide (10mg/kg) and animals in Group II were administered haloperidol (1mg/kg) orally, respectively. Temperament of each animal was recorded prior to premedication. Behavioural responses after pre-medication were assessed for 4 hours. Glucose and cortisol levels were assessed in venous blood samples collected after the induction of anaesthesia. Sedation was achieved in both groups of animals whereas the quality of sedation was comparatively better in Group II. Haloperidol-premedicated animals were easy to handle, but increased cortisol and glucose levels were recorded. Pre-medication with chlordiazepoxide and haloperidol produced optimum sedation to handle the Bonnet Macaques for inducing anaesthesia.
    Keywords: Oral Premedication, Chlordiazepoxide, Haloperidol, Non-Human Primates, Bonnet Macaque, Reduced Stress
  • Alireza Kaveh Aski, Mohammadmahdi Molaei *, Omid Azari, Reza Kheirandish, Dariush Vosough Pages 14-22

    Avian orthopedic issues, particularly fractures, pose significant challenges due to birds' unique skeletal anatomy. Their bones, including the humerus (upper wing bone), are often pneumatic (air-filled) and fragile, making fracture management complex. Traditional methods, such as intermedullary pins and plates offer some solutions but have limitations. This study investigated the efficacy of two pin materials for stabilizing humerus fractures in pigeons: Steinman pins (commonly used in veterinary orthopedics) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pins. We created controlled fractures in the humerus of thirty young adult pigeons. These fractures were then stabilized with either Steinman pins or PMMA pins. Radiographic examinations and histological analysis were performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-surgery to assess bone healing progress in both groups. The findings revealed comparable healing outcomes between the two pin types, suggesting that PMMA pins could be a viable alternative for stabilizing fractures in birds, offering the additional benefit of sparing them a second surgery for pin removal.

    Keywords: Orthopedic, Bone Cement, Bird, Wing
  • Masoumeh Akhgar Maryan, Ahmadreza Raji *, Mohsenn Maleki, Morteza Kafaee Razavi Pages 23-28

    The relationship between exposures to Electromagnetic field (EMF) and human health is more in focus. Some studies showed the possible relation between exposure to EMF and cancer. The thyroid gland is one of the most exposed and vital organ and may be a target for any type of electromagnetic radiation; therefore, we studied histopathological effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) on the thyroid gland of rat. In this research, 35 healthy rats were used. The animals were divided to five groups, and then all animals were exposed to 2100MHz (4G) frequency for 0, 15, 60, 120, 180 min every day for a period of 70 days. The animals were euthanized by removing of blood from the heart then tissue samples were prepared from thyroid gland and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Mason trichrome (MT). Stereological studies were done by the Cavalier’s principle. Following the EMF exposure, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the diameter of the thyroid follicles, heights of epithelial follicles and thyroid follicles volume were recorded in 180 min exposure groups.In the EMF exposure groups (120 and 180 min) histopathological effect observed include follicles with decreased colloid, congestion and increase of connective tissue. We also observed formation of apoptotic body that infiltrated inside of follicle and follicular cells with condensed nuclei under the exposure of EMF for120 and 180 min.We concluded that exposure of EMF (4G) for over 120 min for 70 consecutive days has histopathological and stereological effects in thyroid gland in rats.

    Keywords: Histopathology, Electromagnetic Field, Thyroid Gland, Rat
  • Mohammadsadegh Edalatian Dovvom, Abolfazl Ghaniei *, Majid Jamshidian Mojaver, Emadodin Tohidi Pages 29-37

    Increased antibiotic use in the ostrich industry could lead to the emergence of virulent antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains transmissible to human. This study investigated the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from ostrich and reveal their health risk potential. One hundred twenty-nine confirmed presumptive commensal (44) and suspected pathogenic (85) E. coli isolates from ostrich flocks in Mashhad, Northeast Iran, were phylo-typed by the Clermont quadruplex polymerase chain reaction. The phylogenetic profile of the isolates was comparatively investigated based on antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance, and virulence gene profiles. Results indicated that both groups of presumptive commensal and pathogenic isolates were mostly distributed within phylogroups A (with proportions 31.81% and 32.94%, respectively) and B1 (with proportions 36.36% and 31.76%, respectively). Multi-drug resistance was highest within the phylogroup B2 (p ≥ 0.05). The phylogroup B1, typically known for commensal strains, unlike B2, showed the most negligible proportions of isolates which were devoid of resistance genes (p ≥ 0.05) and virulence genes (p ≥ 0.05). The findings of this study expanded the horizon of the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates from ostrich. Moreover, we indicated a complicated inconsistency between both characteristics. Therefore, more comprehensive and comparative studies on E. coli isolates from ostrich and human are favoured in future research.

    Keywords: Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Clermont Quadruplex PCR, MDR, Resistance Genes, Virulence Genes
  • Emeka Ugwuanyi *, Obinna Onyejekwe, Moniloye Akanfe Pages 38-48
    Purpose of the study: This investigation aimed to assess the impact of trona on the cardiovascular risk markers and physio-biochemical profiles of rats administered graded dosages over 28 days. Five groups (n = 5) of rats—A, B, C, D, and E—were randomly assigned, with E acting as the control. For 28 days, rats in groups A, B, C, and D were administered trona at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, correspondingly. All over the investigation, distilled water was provided to the animals in the control group. We measured body weights, oxidative stress, hematology, hepatorenal profiles, somatic organs, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and cardiovascular risk indices (CVRI).
    Findings
    Rats administered 400 mg/kg had higher FBG levels (p < 0.05) than the control group. Group D showed decreases (p < 0.05) in erythrocytic indices, total protein level, and heart-body index with concurrent increases (p < 0.05) in total leucocyte counts (TLC) and creatinine levels in comparison to the control group. Rats in groups B, C, and D showed higher levels of catalase activity (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Rats given 100 mg/kg or above of trona showed increases (p < 0.05) in CVRI compared to controls.
    Conclusions
    There were dose-dependent harmful effects on the erythrocytic indices, high exposure to T2DM (type-2 diabetes mellitus), and increased CVRI levels in rats dosed orally with ≥100 mg/kg trona for 28 days.
    Keywords: Cardiovascular Indices, Hepatorenal Profiles, Oxidative Stress, Rats, Trona
  • Ali Nikpay *, Mahmoud Kiani, Mojtaba Ranjbar Pages 49-58
    This study assessed the scolicidal activity of Lythrum salicaria and Lycopus europaeus methanolic extracts on the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Protoscoleces were obtained from sheep livers and lungs and were exposed to extracts at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/mL for 1, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Over the exposure period, both plant extracts demonstrated progressively stronger scolicidal activity at all tested doses. At the lower concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/mL, L. salicaria generally exhibited a higher protoscolicidal effect compared to L. europaeus. However, the difference in efficacy was more pronounced at 125 mg/mL. On the other hand, at the 500 mg/mL concentration, the L. europaeus extract showed considerably greater scolicidal activity than the L. salicaria extract. Statistical analysis revealed that concentration had the biggest impact on mortality, followed by plant species and exposure time. The interaction between concentration and plant type impacted mortality the most, indicating that both factors influenced the overall effectiveness. In conclusion, both L. salicaria and L. europaeus methanolic extracts showed promise as potential candidates for future studies aimed at developing natural agents to control E. granulosus.
    Keywords: Echinococcus Granulosus, Hydatidosis, Methanolic Extract, Medicinal Plants, Protoscolex
  • Jassim Khalaf Albozachri *, Hameed AL-Timmemi Pages 59-64

    The powder derived from human placenta (HP) was successfully used in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to fabricate powder from the human placenta and evaluate it by histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The placenta was decellularized chemically and then lyophilized by a lyophilizer (FTS Systems Bulk Freeze Dryer Model 8–54) for 24 hours at -56 °C and 5 mm Hg until they were totally dried. The assessment used histological analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The hematoxylin and eosin stain demonstrated that cellular populations and nuclear residues were totally absent from HP tissue. The freeze-drying process of preparing acellular human placenta powder resulted in structures that are made up of highly interconnected, open networks of pores. The particle size mean diameter was approximately ranging from a minimum of 89.44 µm to a maximum of 172.82 µm, and the pore sizes ranged between 44.28 µm and 81.40 µm. Using conventional diffraction database cards, the X-ray diffraction analysis of acellular human placenta powder demonstrated the existence of the constituent organic and inorganic components. It was discovered that the presence of semi-crystalline or amorphous organic components, such as chondroitin sulfate, collagen, and hyaluronic acid. The study concluded from the structural powder that it can be used in regeneration treatments such as treating the spinal cord in animals.

    Keywords: Powder, X-Ray Diffraction, Extracellular Matrix, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Histological Analysis
  • Mahdi Khoshsima Shahraki, Elahe Ebrahimzadeh- Abkoh *, Moein Abolhasani Darounkola, Javad Khedri, Saeid Reza Nourollahifard Pages 65-69

    The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that human taeniasis is a neglected tropical disease. It has a worldwide distribution, even in developed countries. Three species of Taenia (Tania saginata, Taenia solium, and Taenia asiatica) can infect humans. The definitive hosts are humans, while intermediate hosts are cattle or pigs. Consuming raw or undercooked beef can lead to Taenia saginata taeniasis, while the primary source of infection for T. asiatica and T. solium is raw or undercooked pork. Taenia saginata taeniasis is the most prevalent in Islamic countries such as Iran, in which pork consumption is very low. It has been reported that human taeniasis has a prevalence between 0.0028% to 3% in Iran. Little is known about the molecular characterization of T. saginata in Iran. In this study, T. saginata was diagnosed based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. This is the first report on the molecular definition of Taenia saginata from Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.

    Keywords: Taenia, Taenia Saginata, Taeniasis, Neglected Tropical Diasease