فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی
پیاپی 95 (زمستان 1403)

Previous studies have developed the concept of social hope; this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the state of social hope among adults in Tehran and the socio-economic factors related to it.

This cross-sectional research was conducted with a sample size of 522 people from the statistical population of adults (over 18 years old) living in Tehran, in 2022. To collect data, a researcher-made social hope questionnaire with three components of hope for the future of society, hope for the social future, and a sense of belonging to society was used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests such as independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation, and multivariate linear regression, with the aim of investigating the status of social hope in adults in Tehran.

The mean of social hope among adults in Tehran is at an average to low level. The lowest average of social hope dimensions was obtained in the hope for the future of society. Also, the results of multivariate linear regression of the relationship between social hope and its related factors showed that participants who had more family members, volunteered, and were more satisfied with life also had a higher level of social hope. In total, the regression model has explained 20% of the changes in the variance of social hope.

Given that participation in social activities plays an important role in increasing social hope, it is suggested that policymakers increase the level of social hope of citizens by providing opportunities for cohesion and participation in diverse and voluntary activities.

One of the main motivations for women to enter temporary marriage is to satiate their sexual needs, which can have a variety of effects on the physical and mental health of this group of women for a variety of reasons, including low sexual assertiveness, gender stereotypes, and women’s silence about issues arising from temporary marriage. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the sexual lives of women in Isfahan city who have experienced temporary marriages.

This research is a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study. Twelve women who had experienced temporary marriage in Isfahan were chosen for the study using a snowball sampling technique until data saturation was reached. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and the Claysey analysis method was used for data analysis

In the process of analyzing and extracting the concepts from the interviews, a comprehensive list of open codes focused on the research topic was generated. From the resulting open codes, 23 categories and three primary themes emerged, which included: women’s emotional harm with six categories, women’s sexual objectification with eight categories, and women’s psychological sexual satisfaction with nine categories.

The sexual experiences of women in temporary marriages differ in that some are involved in hurt feelings and sexual objectification, in contrast others have experienced psychological sexual satisfaction. These differences can be attributed to women’s sexual assertiveness, mutual sexual responsibility, mutual interest, gender stereotypes, and schemas, skill in managing sexual relations, and ability to have an honest conversation regarding sexual desires. It is vital to consider actions in the context of education and counseling in order to increase women’s abilities in managing sexual relationships, eradicate gender stereotypes from cultural elements of society, and modify gender schemas in both men and women.

Considering the increasing risk of suicide with age, follow-up, prevention, and treatment of suicide in childhood and adolescence are crucial. This review aims to investigate the risk and protective factors of suicide, as well as psychological interventions for suicide prevention among Iranian adolescents.

The findings of the current study were obtained by reviewing and comparing peer-reviewed domestic and international articles. Keywords such as “suicide”, “adolescent”, “student”, and “Iran” in both Persian and English, were used to search databases like Ensani, SID, Magiran, Noormags, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. After removing duplicated and irrelevant studies, 48 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed.

The studies were categorized into two main areas: (1) protective and risk factors related to suicide, and (2) psychological interventions for suicide prevention. The underlying factors of suicide were categorized into individual and background factors. A model was developed to illustrate how developmental, psychological, environmental, family and socio-cultural factors interact to influence suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents.

The findings highlight the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing suicide rates. Developing and implementing educational programs to decrease the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors can promote public health, especially among children and adolescents, particularly those in elementary school.

In human societies, suicide has been one of the most complicated, controversial and contradictory issues in human society since ancient times. There are many evidences that show that preserving life and survival is one of the most important and fundamental needs of humans. Nevertheless, man is ready to end his life. The act of suicide is opposite to loving oneself, so that it challenges people's beliefs and religion and violates human values about the meaning of life in individual and social dimensions.

The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. To conduct the present research, 230 female students of the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021 were selected through available sampling.

The results showed that negative and positive emotion regulation variables were directly predictors of thwarted belongingness. Also, thwarted belongingness was able to predict suicidal ideation directly. Even though negative and positive emotion regulation were not able to directly predict suicidal ideation, but indirectly and with the mediation of thwarted belongingness, they predicted suicidal ideation. Therefore, the variable of thwarted belongingness plays a mediating role in the relationship between positive and negative emotion regulation and students' suicidal ideation.

People who use positive emotion regulation strategies in stressful situations, by changing their thinking methods, reduce emotional pressures in situations where they suffer a lot of psychological pressure, leading to a reduction in negative emotional behaviors and experiences.

The manjor focus of the current research is on gender violence. Based on public understanding, gender-based violence is considered private and family, and it is mainly practiced and justified with the aim of preserving the family and culture. The present study intends to analyze the forms, contexts, and consequences of gender violence among a sample of women in Sanandaj city through women’s experience and understanding of violence in different social fields.

The method of the current research is grounded theory, during which interviews were conducted with 35 samples of women who had experienced violence in their lives. In the selection of samples, targeted sampling with maximum diversity was used.

The studied women have experienced violence in different social fields. Gender socialization, institutional discrimination, and deprivation of power sources have shaped the contexts of gender violence. The experience of violence for women is mixed with disempowerment, neglect, institutional exclution, pervasive fear, and cynicism towards men and fatalism and escaping from society has become the most common strategy of the studied women in facing violence. Strategies that have led to the acceptance of conventional identity, fear and cynicism towards men and the absence of life politics.

Deprivation of power sources, lack of access to supportive social networks, institutional discrimination, and obstruction of organizational promotion show the fragility and vulnerability of women in various fields. The spread of violence can be seen more widespred than anything else the institutional and structural aspect of violence. Therefore, gender violence cannot be reduced to an individual issue and neglects the change and reform of the institutional and structural foundations of violence.

The curriculum is the main element of the higher education system and the most fundamental tool for providing students with knowledge, experience, and skills offering services to the community, and as the heart of this system, it plays an important role in achieving goals and drawing plans and goals. On the other hand, sexual violence is a type of violence that can harm women’s health. The education system can reduce the incidence of violence through a curriculum entitled altruism and humanitarian tendencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hidden curriculum and sexual violence of married female students in Gorgan with respect to the mediating role of emotional intelligence.

This study was conducted through correlation method and the statistical population of the study included all married students studying in universities in Gorgan in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size of this study comprised 150 people, selected by stratification. Data collection tools included Imani’s (2012) Hidden Curriculum Questionnaire (HCQ), Ghahari et al.’s (2005) Spousal Abuse Questionnaire (WAQ), and Shatte et al.’s (1998) Emotional Intelligence Scale (MSEIS). Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the model of the relationship between hidden curriculum and sexual violence with the mediating role of emotional intelligence had a good fit. Therefore, the research model appeared to have a good fit, and there was a positive and significant relationship between hidden curriculum and sexual violence with the mediating role of emotional intelligence.

The more emotionally intelligent people were, the more they were likely to be affected by the hidden curriculum because the hidden curriculum was found to be an important and effective part of the educational process that was not easily understood, but affected various aspects of students’ education.

This research aimed to explain the socialization process of people with disabilities through sports activities using a grounded theory approach.

The study was conducted within the framework of an interpretive perspective and a qualitative methodological approach. Using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology, the research proceeded in three main stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Data collection included library research and interviews, being conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. To ensure reliability, the within-subject agreement method was applied to evaluate the consistency of the interviews.

The identified components include causal conditions (environment, secondary institutions, family support, and motivations), contextual conditions (procedural justice, facilities, social security, infrastructure, participation development, policies and approaches, and the intersection of disability and sports), and intervening conditions (the role of teachers, immediate obstacles, educational costs, cultural development, media, awareness-raising, and public sports promotion).

The findings demonstrated that causal factors such as environment, secondary institutions, family support, and motivation significantly influence the socialization of people with disabilities. Strategies like psychological empowerment and fostering self-sufficiency were particularly impactful. By presenting a new model, this study extends the theory of sports socialization and raises public awareness about the importance of sports activities for individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, it underscores the role of sports communication and the acquisition of sports-related skills in the socialization process.

Attitudes and beliefs of social workers towards poverty and social exclusion affect the way they define the problem and their intervention methods to reduce or eliminate it. The present study was designed with the aim of translating, adapting, and standardizing the Persian version of the poverty attitude questionnaire among social workers and students in Iran and comparing their attitudes in 2021.

The methodology of this study was descriptive and validation, which was conducted in 2021 with the participation of 450 employed social workers and students who were selected by the available sampling method. After obtaining permission from the designers of the questionnaire, its translation was done in accordance with the standard protocol of the World Health Organization (WHO). The T-test and one-way analysis of variance were utilized to compare the attitudes of students and employed social workers.

Content validity indices were obtained for the whole questionnaire CVR: 0.74 and S-CVI: 0.23. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses extracted three factors: ‘stereotypes’, ‘individual approach’, and ‘structural approach’ from 15-items. Also, the reliability of the instrument was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.68 and intra-cluster correlation of 0.75. There is a difference between the attitudes of employed social workers and students about poverty. Employed social workers were more inclined to social structure and stereotypes about poverty.

The 15-items Persian version of the attitude towards poverty in social workers had a relatively good validity and reliability. The use of this tool in future studies on the population of social workers is recommended.

Orphaned and vulnerable children and adolescents residing in welfare centers require special support and attention due to inadequate living conditions and the diverse adversities they experience. Education is a pivotal element in improving the well-being, health, and prospects of this group of children and adolescents and is capable of bolstering their proficiency. The current study examined the distinct educational requirements of orphaned and vulnerable children and adolescents residing in welfare centers.

This study used an interpretive approach and qualitative methodology. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The sampling process was conducted purposefully and with maximum diversity, resulting in the participation of 45 individuals categorized into three main groups: orphaned and vulnerable children and adolescents residing in welfare centers, the managers and trainers working at these centers, and professionals in fields related to the research question.

This study identifies two main themes regarding the educational needs of children and adolescents in residential care. The first theme centers on addressing the gap between current and desired educational outcomes. This theme encompasses two key areas: knowledge-based needs and skill-based needs. Knowledge-based needs involve civic education to empower youth as active citizens. In contrast, skill-based needs focus on interpersonal, technical, and self-regulation skills crucial for independent living and workforce readiness. The second theme highlights the educational needs from the perspective of children and adolescents’ interests and desires. It emphasizes the importance of sports and arts programs not only for recreation but also for promoting mental health, social skills, self-expression, and creativity.

The study demonstrated that orphaned and vulnerable children and adolescents living in welfare centers have varying educational needs that require customized support tailored to their specific situations. The paper concludes with suggestions for improving the educational outcomes of this particular group.

  This research aims to identify the work of volunteers in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) supporting child labor and street children in Tehran, as well as to study the sociological causes, cultural conditions, and beliefs that drive individuals to volunteer in this field. Therefore, exploring the motivations, efficiency, cultural background, mental ideals, and reasons for the inclination towards child labor and street children can lead to a clearer understanding of the reasons for attracting individuals to social participation and utilizing their human and cultural capital.

This study relies on the qualitative method of grounded theory, using semi-structured interviews and observation techniques to provide a sociological analysis of the subject. A total of 22 interviews were conducted through purposive sampling. Data coding from the interviews was performed using MAXQDA software in three stages (open, axial, and selective), and the sampling ended upon reaching theoretical saturation and obtaining sufficient diversity.

In this study, 1761 codes were obtained and ultimately reduced to 57 categories. The main categories include “creating a new identity”, “social acceptance”, “responding to social concerns”, “efficiency and usefulness”, “compensating for government deficiencies”, and “voluntary membership” centered around the phenomenon of “volunteering” and formed within a paradigmatic model including “causal conditions”, “phenomenon”, “context”, “intervening conditions”, and “consequences”.

Volunteering in NGOs supporting child labor and street children is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various factors such as structural-social dimensions, individual factors, religious factors, and family factors.