نشریه مرمت و معماری ایران
پیاپی 38 (تابستان 1403)

Now creating perception in computer software is one of the most important challenges of digital architecture. Because computer software is one of the most important tools of architects or designers and is widely used in project design. In designing with the help of digital software, reaching the optimal design and layout is one of the most important and influential steps. But computer software does not have any inherent intuition about the design process, and this is the main reason for not handing over design processes to computers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explain a computational method based on quantitative and qualitative data samples to create relative intuition in machines through the combination of evolutionary algorithms and machine learning. The quantitative and qualitative research method is based on genetic algorithms, machine learning (k-means clustering), and instance-based learning. The results of this research show that unlike methods based on the combination of genetic algorithms and genetic programming, it is possible to increase the accuracy and speed of map production by combining three genetic algorithms, machine learning, and based on relative intuition in machines. Also, another feature of the proposed method is the learning rate of nearly ninety percent in identifying and presenting designs. Of course, the production of plans by computers is in its early stages and it still needs a long process for this step to be completely taken by computers.

The study of building architecture in cities in terms of form, climate and historical-evolutionary in order to coordinate the urban physical environment, is of particular importance. Due to its geographical and climatic location, the city of Zahedan has special buildings in the Pahlavi period, the entrance of which is one of the most significant parts of them. In this study, the purpose of studying the architecture of prominent buildings of the Pahlavi period in the city of Zahedan is to develop in line with the physical coordination of the city with a focus on decoration. The research method is descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative. Data has been collected through interviews with 10 experts about 13 important works of this period in Zahedan. Through the questionnaire tool and using the AHP method, the characteristics of the building as well as 13 important buildings of this historical period were prioritized. Examining the quantitative results and comparing these buildings based on facade decorations shows that the courthouse with a final weight of 0.247 compared to 12 other buildings is known as the most important building of the Pahlavi period due to various architectural features, which ranks first in this priority. The classification is located. The second rank of this priority of building importance is related to Zahedan Post Museum with a weight of 0.2020. Also, Abui house with a weight of 0.113 and Shams house with a final weight of 0.092 are in the third and fourth ranks. According to the results, the total of workers' dormitories with a weight of 0.014 and also the complex of Ghods dormitories with a weight of 0.017 are ranked 13th and 12th in this priority. Therefore, based on the results of the Justice Building and the Post Museum, the most important buildings of the Pahlavi period in the city of Zahedan are known, which have a significant value and architecture compared to other buildings and architecture compared to other buildings and they can be used as a model for designing the body of urban roads.

The facade architecture of the introverted historical houses of the central plateau of Iran is more evident in the central courtyard. According to the diversity of the central courtyard facade architecture in multiple fronts, it seems that there are various effective factors in the formation of the courtyard facade architecture of historical Qajar houses, and it is necessary to identify the effective factors comprehensively and in terms of impact. be classified from high to low. The research seeks to know what factors and sub-factors are effective in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard of historical houses of the Qajar period in the hot and dry climate of the central plateau of Iran (with a case study of Qazvin city)? What is the classification of these factors and sub-factors in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard view according to the degree of influence? Identifying the influencing factors on the architectural formation of the facade of the central courtyard of historical Qajar houses (with a case study of Qazvin city) and classifying these factors based on the degree of influence of each factor. The type of research is fundamental in terms of the goal, and the research method in response to the big question is a survey of basic theories and a field visit to the historical Qajar houses of Qazvin city and a local conversation and a conversation with elites. In response to a detailed question, the Delphi method has been used to rank the impact of each of the factors and sub-factors based on the opinion of experts and professionals familiar with the architecture of the Qajar house and facade. In the following, a theoretical model was proposed and this model was reviewed and tested in the case of the research of ten Qajar historical houses in Qazvin. Eight main factors and thirty-three sub-factors were identified in the formation of the facade architecture of Qajar houses in Iran. The eight main factors in order of influence include: economic, climatic, construction technology, socio-cultural, aesthetic, spatial, political and urban planning. Each of these factors have been relatively effective in the formation of the architecture of the central courtyard. According to the opinion of the experts of the basic theories and the test of the presented theoretical model, the most effective is the "economic factor" and the least effective is the "urbanization factor". In the ranking of thirty-three effective sub-factors, the most effective sub-factor was "radiation" and the least effective sub-factor was "urban architecture".

Determining the range of thermal comfort in the outdoor space is complicated, and since the presence of thermal comfort helps more people to be in the outdoor space, it is important. In the current research, it has been tried to determine the thermal comfort limit of people in the outdoor space of traditional and restored buildings in the hot and dry climate of Yazd city. For this purpose, a field monitoring was carried out in the hot season of the five central courtyards of the Yazd faculty of Art and Architecture as buildings that have been changed from residential to educational use, which includes the measurement of climatic information at the same time as the completion of 389 thermal comfort questionnaires by the students of the faculty; Then, with the help of Ray Man and SPSS software, the obtained information was analyzed and after checking the linear regression charts, the range of thermal comfort for people in the central courtyards of the faculty as a microclimate in the hot and dry area of ​​Yazd city between the range of 16.5-28 degrees Celsius based on the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature index (PET) was obtained. Due to the fact that the combination of climatic and geographical factors for each specific region will lead to a different understanding of the thermal comfort conditions for the people of that community, this comfort range is different from the comfort ranges in other regions that have been determined in numerous researches. From the comparison of the studied yards, it was found that the more the yard has a height-to-width ratio and the more enclosed it is, the more shade it will receive and, finally,more thermal comfort during the day and night for the hot days of the year.

The characteristics of the educational space are effective in the quality of education, but unfortunately, the existing spaces are often not desirable and do not help to achieve the educational goals. On the other hand, the design of the educational space in such a way that the various senses of people are activated in the space has a positive effect on the realization of educational goals, and the design based on the theory of multi-sensory architecture activates the various senses. One of the most important theorists in the field of multi-sensory architecture is Yohani Palasma, who considers modern architecture to lack multi-sensory architecture characteristics, so as a case example, schools before the modern era were selected, and among them the Safavid schools of Isfahan were chosen because during the Safavid era, a large number of schools were built in Isfahan to the point where Isfahan was called "House of Knowledge of the East", and this shows the importance and abundance of Safavid schools in Isfahan. The source of the thought of multi-sensory architecture originates from the subject of phenomenology, and many books have been written on this topic, and researches have also been conducted on the multi-sensory architecture of kindergartens, museums, commercial spaces, residential spaces, etc. However, no research has been done about understanding the principles of multisensory architecture of Isfahan Safavid schools, and therefore, in the upcoming research, a new work has been done in the field of educational spaces in a quantitative and qualitative format, with a practical purpose, and a combined quantitative-qualitative approach, using a Likert scale questionnaire. The purpose of this research is to discover the principles of multy sensory architecture in the safavid schools in Isfahan, and the main question is: Which principles of multi-sensory architecture can be found in the educational space of Safavid schools of Isfahan? In this research, firstly, by conducting documentary and library studies, in the branch of phenomenology, the knowledge of the principles of multi-sensory architectural theory was carried out and 23 principles were obtained, and in the next part of the research, 17 Safavid schools of Isfahan were selected, and due to the existing problems, 12 schools were visited and photographed and these principles were identified in the field.

If architecture students rely on the form of the work more than anything in the process of reading and understanding architectural examples, then consequences such as neglecting the historical-identity values, meaning and meaning of the works will follow. Therefore, the most important question of this research is how much the students pay attention to each aspect of the work-audience relationship in the process of criticizing and encountering the work? The upcoming research aims to measure the amount of attention and use of communication aspects from field and library studies in both qualitative and quantitative ways, as described first, the place and importance of exposure and criticism in students' understanding and reception was investigated. Furthermore, the communication aspects of the work-audience were deduced by the comparative method and the content analysis method from the matching of two phenomenological and interpretive approaches, and in order to evaluate the degree of application of these aspects in relation to the case example of the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan University of Arts and Azad University. Islami Khorasgan, statistical tools such as questionnaire and spss software were used. According to the results of the test and the calculated confidence interval, it can be said that the facet of awakening memories and the representational facet of the effect have a higher average than the average, and in the meantime, the representational facet has a higher average effect than the other aspects, which means that the facet The demonstration of a work has had a greater impact, and if the necessary measures are not taken to pay attention to it in the process of criticizing architectural works as well as in the design process, its threatening educational and training role on the process of criticizing architecture students becomes more obvious. Also, the cognitive value facet and the historical originalist facet have an average lower than the average, and according to the average values ​​and confidence intervals of each, it can be said that the value facet has a lower average than the other faces, and it means that the value cognitive facet has less influence than the others. The focus is on the understanding of the achievements of the work, and the reasons for it have been reported by the university professors, the neglect of the meaning and content of the work, along with the tendency towards specific styles and methods in architecture.