نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 174 (آذر و دی 1403)

The liver is a complex metabolic organ that maintains body homeostasis. Oxidative stress caused by aging is an important risk factor in the development of chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeic acid on oxidative damage caused by aging in mice.

In this experimental study, 40 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): 1) control (Con); 2) Sham; 3) caffeic acid (CA), 4) aging (Ag), and 5) aging + caffeic acid (Ag + CA). The aging model was induced through daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of D-galactose (300 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Caffeic acid (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected daily for 6 weeks. The mice were anesthetized 24 hours after the last injection and the liver was removed immediately. Then, oxidative stress factors (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) were investigated by One way ANOVA and Tukey.

The results showed that D-galactose-induced aging significantly increases the level of MDA and also decreases the level of SOD, GPx, and TAC in the liver compared to the control and sham groups (P<0.05). Treatment with caffeic acid in the Ag + CA group significantly decreased MDA levels and improved the activity of SOD, GPx, and TAC (P<0.05).

The results showed that caffeic acid reduces lipid peroxidation and improves the liver antioxidant enzyme function.

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in body metabolism and inflammation by releasing adipokines. Both caloric restriction and continuous exercise can impact adipose tissue and affect inflammation and the aging process. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction and continuous exercise on the expression of the leptin gene, adiponectin, the ratio of adiponectin to leptin, and insulin resistance in aged rats. The study included a total of 36 aged male Wistar rats (26 months old), randomly divided into four groups: control, restriction, caloric, and continuous exercise, as well as caloric restriction+continuous exercise. The rats underwent a six-week continuous training protocol, with five sessions per week. Samples were then taken from the epididymal fat tissue of the rats, and Real-Time PCR was used to measure the expression of the adiponectin and leptin genes. Statistical analysis was conducted using non-parametric statistics. The statistical tests showed that the expression of the adiponectin gene significantly increased in the caloric restriction and continuous exercise groups. However, in the caloric restriction+continuous exercise group, the expression of the adiponectin gene decreased. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in leptin gene expression, the ratio of adiponectin to leptin gene expression, or insulin resistance in fat tissue among the groups. These findings suggest that while caloric restriction and continuous exercise have beneficial effects on increasing adiponectin gene expression, their combination may not always result in synergy.

Spermatogenesis is a process that occurs with the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. These cells are located on the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells surround them. This complex provides an environment that causes spermatogenesis to function and survive. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of swimming training and stem cells on the expression of DAZL and VASA genes in azoospermia model rats. The research method is experimental in terms of controlling variables and practical in terms of purpose. Twenty-five 8-week-old rats were selected and after the induction of the azoospermia model, which histological studies showed the clear degeneration of spermatogenic cells, which leads to the formation of thin-walled seminiferous epithelium in most of the seminiferous tubules, which indicates a severe disorder in sperm production, and after confirmation Azoospermia model randomly divided into 5 groups; Healthy, azoospermic, azoospermic+exercise, azoospermic+stem cell group and azoospermic+stem cell+exercise group were divided. One month after the creation of the model, one million stem cells were transplanted once in the vas deferens of each mouse. Swimming training was done daily for 30 minutes a day and 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Genes were measured by Real time-PCR method. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the data. All calculations were done using SPSS/23 statistical software and at a significant level of P≤0.05. The results showed that there is a difference between the effect of swimming exercises and stem cells on the expression of DAZL (F=22.879 and P=0.0001) and VASA (F=23.359 and P=0.0001) genes in rats. There is a significant difference in the azoospermia model. The results showed that there are significant differences in both variables of the healthy control group and the azoospermic group with all groups, and between the groups of azoospermia+stem cells with azoospermia+exercise and azoospermia+stem cells+exercise as well as the group of azoospermia+exercise with azoospermia+ Stem cells + exercise no significant difference was observed. In general, the results of the present research indicate that regular aerobic exercise such as swimming along with stem cell injection helps in controlling the effects of infertility diseases by increasing the expression of DAZL and VASA genes in improving the process of spermatogenesis.

Despite the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) from tissues, its effect on diabetes-induced excessive autophagy is not clear. Autophagy could be inhibited or activated through exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training and remote IPC on myocardial Beclin-1 gene expression in diabetic rats.

In this experimental research, 35 Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic one leg ischemia (OI), diabetic two legs ischemia (TI), diabetic endurance training (E), diabetes one leg ischemia + endurance training (OIE), diabetes two legs ischemia+ endurance training (TIE). IPC was included three 5-minute cycles of ischemia, followed by five minutes of reperfusion. The endurance training groups performed exercise training for six weeks and five days a week and was included running on a treadmill. The speed for the first week is set at 9 meters per minute for 15 minutes. By the sixth week, the training speed was increased to 18 meters per minute for 30 minutes. Beclin-1 gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests.

Beclin-1 gene expression significantly increased in D group compared to C group (p=0.0001). Becli-1 gene expression significantly decreased in OI (p=0.0001), TI (p=0.0001), E (p=0.0001), OIE (p=0.0001) and TIE (p=0.0001) compared to the D.

It seems that the effect of ischemia preconditioning in decreasing Beclin-1 is independent of the ischemia-affected muscle mass. Endurance training with IPC is more effective in decreasing Beclin-1 in diabetes than any of the exercise and IPC interventions alone.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most complex and common endocrine disorders affecting women of childbearing age. Previous studies have indicated that this syndrome increases the risk of various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial tumors. This research aimed to assess the cost of treating patients with PCOS in Tehran in 2023 and to evaluate its economic impact on patient's quality of life. This study involved administering a questionnaire to 384 patients diagnosed with PCOS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized for data analysis. To assess the normality of the data, the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis were calculated. The relationships between variables were examined using non-parametric methods, specifically the Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney test. SPSS software (version 26) was employed for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that the economic burden of PCOS is estimated to be approximately 90 million Tomans per year on average. Direct medical expenses constituted the largest share of costs, followed by medical indirect expenditures and indirect (intangible) costs. Polycystic ovary syndrome imposes a significant economic burden on families and the healthcare and insurance systems in the country. To alleviate this burden, promoting a healthy lifestyle, encouraging physical activity, and advocating for a proper diet are recommended, as these factors play a crucial role in preventing PCOS.

The aging process is characterized by a series of molecular and cellular changes over the years that can lead to the destruction of important physiological parameters to keep an organism alive and healthy. On the other hand, physical activity not only improves heart function but also reduces the risk of heart disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous aerobic training (MICT) on the apoptosis indices of heart tissue in aged male rats.

In this experimental study, 16 male Wistar rats with an average age of 19±2.25 months and weight of 350.02±20.12 grams were used. They were randomly divided into two groups of moderate intensity continuous training (MT) and control (C). The continuous aerobic exercise program (MICT) was performed for 8 weeks and five sessions per week with an intensity of 60-75% of the maximum speed. 48 hours after the last training session, after complete anesthesia and killing of the mice, heart tissue was removed and immediately frozen in nitrogen solution and kept at -80 degrees. The gene expression values of BAX, BCL2, the ratio of BAX to BCL2 and P53, and caspase 3 of the heart were measured by real-time PCR. The data were analyzed by independent t-statistical method in SPSS 27 software at a significant level of P<0.05.

The findings showed that eight weeks of MICT training significantly reduced the apoptotic indices of BAX (P=0.002), P53 (P=0.015), and caspase 3 (P=0.002) in the heart tissue of elderly rats compared to the control group. Also, the results showed that MICT training increased BCL2 (P=0.011) and decreased the ratio of BAX to BCL2 (P=0.008) in the heart tissue of elderly rats.

It seems that regular continuous aerobic exercise using the MICT method can play a significant role in reducing the apoptotic indices of the heart tissue and slowing down the aging process.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the serum levels of oxidative stress parameters(malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase) of athletics athletes in Yasouj city

In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was male track and field athletes in Yasuj, excluding female endurance athletes; among them, 30 female sprinters, throwers, and jumpers in the age range of 22-32 years were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 (HIIT training and control).HIIT training protocol was performed at an intensity of 90% of maximum heart rate for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week). Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after training and kits were used to measure malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Paired t-test was used to determine intra-group changes, and covariance test was used to compare between groups at a significance level of p<0.05 (p<0.05). The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS-25.

The findings showed that serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the training group after six weeks of HIIT training were significantly different from the pre-test (p=0.00). Also, serum levels of these variables were significantly different between the training group and the control group at the post-test (p=0.01).

The results of this study showed that in order to reduce oxidative stress and improve the antioxidant capacity of runners, HIIT exercises can be used in runners' training program.

Osteoporosis is a disease that is spreading as a threat to world health. This study aimed to compare the effect of resistance training, swimming, and combination training patterns on the on mechanical strength of osteoporotic bone tissue of female Wistar rats.

The current type of research was experimental and 36 healthy female Wistar rats (6 weeks old) with an average initial weight of 170-190 grams were studied. In order to confirm the induction of osteoporosis in the initial study, 12 were randomly divided into two groups: healthy and alcohol injection. In the main study, the remaining 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 rats in each group) after induction of osteoporosis (resistance exercise, swimming exercise, combined exercise and control). Osteoporosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20% ethanol solution and saline at a dose of 3 grams per kilogram of rat body weight, once a day and 4 days a week. Swimming training protocol (12 weeks, 90 minutes per day, 5 days per week) and resistance protocol (12 weeks, 5 days per week and each session including 8 sets with 8 to 12 repetitions of climbing the ladder) were performed. The combined group performed resistance training with progressive overload in 4 sets with 8 to 12 repetitions and swimming training with half the time of the swimming group. After the end of 12 weeks, femur bone samples were taken for densitometry and L5 vertebra and tibia bone to study mechanical resistance indicators. To assess bone strength, a mechanical properties testing machine, the Zwick model, made in Germany, was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's at a significance level of less than 0.05 (P<0.05).

The tibia tensile maximum load in swimming, resistance and concurrent training groups was significantly greater than pretest (p=0.000, p=0.004, p=0.03). The L5 maximum load  of resistance and concurrent training groups was significantly greater than pretest (p=0.009 , p=0.001).  the tibia tensile maximum load in concurrent groups was significantly greater than swimming, resistance and control groups (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.004 ). The L5 maximum load in concurrent training (p=0.02 , p=0.03) and  resistance group  (p=0.003 , p=0.002) was significantly greater than swimming  and control groups.

It seems that the intervention of swimming and resistance training in a combined model may have a synergistic effect on increasing the mechanical strength of bone in osteoporotic female rats. This model is likely to increase the mechanical strength of bone better than the implementation of swimming or resistance training alone and provide more optimal care against osteoporosis.