فصلنامه تحقیقات در علوم ورزشی و گیاهان دارویی
سال چهارم شماره 13 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1402)

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of selected Pilates exercises on respiratory, glycemic and lipid profiles of obese women with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 24 obese women with type 2 diabetes were selected as available and according to the conditions of entry into the study. Then the subjects were randomly placed in 2 groups of 12 people for Pilates and control exercises. To measure glycemic indices and lipid indices blood sampling after 12 hours of fasting in the pre-test period and 48 hours after the last session An exercise was done in the post-exam period. Also, respiratory indices (tidal volume (TV) and vital capacity (VC) were measured using a spirometry device. In the Pilates training group, which was performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week, the subjects performed Practice protocol. The obtained data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and the covariance test with Benferroni's post hoc test using spss version 22 software.

The present study showed that Pilates training significantly improves glycemic indices (glucose, insulin, insulin resistance), lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL) and respiratory indices (flow volume and vital capacity). Obese women had type 2 diabetes (P>0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that Pilates exercise is a sufficient stimulus to reduce glycemic indices, lipid profile and respiratory indices in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

The study was applied and the research method was semi-experimental. 52 volunteer middle-aged men were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) control and placebo, (2) yoga exercise, (3) fenugreek seed consumption, and (4) yoga exercise along with fenugreek seed consumption. The yoga exercise group trained for eight weeks, three sessions per week, based on the designed protocol. The fenugreek seed consumption groups consumed 500 mg/kg of fenugreek seeds daily (in the meal after dinner). ALT, AST, and ALP levels were measured in pre-test and post-test. Dependent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the research findings in SPSS software (p≥0.05).

A significant decrease was observed in ALT, AST, and ALP levels in all research groups compared to the control group (p=0.001). The yoga exercise along with fenugreek seed consumption group showed a significant decrease in ALT variable compared to the fenugreek seed and yoga groups (p=0.001). In the ALP variable, the yoga exercise along with fenugreek seed consumption group showed a significant decrease compared to the fenugreek seed group (p=0.010).

It seems that yoga exercise along with fenugreek seed consumption has interactive effects in reducing liver enzymes in obese and overweight men.

The use of herbal supplements by athletes to improve performance and increase training adaptations has increased greatly in the last decade. Herbal supplements not only improve the performance of athletes, but also maintain their health. Medicinal plants contain macro and micronutrients and phytochemical compounds that are responsible for their medicinal effects. Rice is one of the most widely consumed grains, which, apart from nutrients, contains many bioactive compounds that promote health. Epidemiological evidence shows that in countries that consume a lot of rice, some metabolic and underlying diseases are less. Rice bran Rice bran is a byproduct of the rice bleaching process and contains many food compounds and various phytochemicals such as gamma oryzanol and beta sitosterol. Rice bran has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, hypocholesterolemic and neuroprotective properties, so it is very effective in health development. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies (animal and human) show that gamma oryzanol and beta-sitosterol protect against the destruction and atrophy of muscle mass in obesity by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, improving the insulin signaling pathway, inhibiting the FOXO pathway, and thus causing Improves muscle function. On the other hand, gamma oryzanol has a neuroprotective effect by crossing the blood-brain barrier. Since most of the existing studies on the effects of rice bran bioactive compounds have been conducted with animal subjects, more studies are needed, especially in humans, to determine There is a precise effect of rice bran and its compounds.

This study aims to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and orange peel extract on the expression of HGF gene in hepatocytes of obese rats.

Rats were randomly divided into five groups of 6: an obese group, aerobic training obese group, an obese group that ate extract, an obese group that exercised and ate extract, and a control health group that did not have any intervention. The rats were fattened based on a research protocol, and training and extraction protocols were started. The exercise protocol was performed five days a week, with an intensity of 50 to 75% VO2max for six weeks. Extraction was done five times a week. The expression of HGF gene in liver tissue was done by the Real-Time PCR method. Independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance ANOVA between groups were used to test the data. GraphPad Prism version 10 software was used to analyze it with a significance level of p=0.05.

The expression of hepatocyte HGF showed a significant increase in the groups of aerobic exercise (p=0.009), extract (p=0.035), and extract + aerobic exercise (p=0.0001) compared to the obese group. There was no difference between the obese and control groups in the expression of HGF in the liver tissue (p=0.99).

The findings of this research show that aerobic exercise and extract alone can increase the expression of HGF, and on the other hand, the synergistic effect of aerobic exercise and orange peel extract also increases the expression of this factor; HGF is a protector of hepatocyte tissue.

Exercisers and sports physiologists are primarily concerned with improving physical performance and maintaining health. It is necessary to change the diet of athletes as a result of the change in energy consumption patterns. Additionally, supplements and medicinal plants should be used in addition to changing the diet to improve performance. Natural fatty alcohol octacosanol is abundant in rice bran and sugarcane and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, immune system enhancing, obesity reducing, and lipid profile improving properties. Based on the review of studies on the energy-enhancing effects of octacosanol derived from rice bran, this phytochemical increases ATP regeneration from the aerobic pathway by increasing fatty acid oxidation capacity, thus reducing muscle glycogen and blood glucose consumption. Physical performance is enhanced as a result of maintaining the concentration of blood glucose and muscle glycogen. The antioxidant properties of Octacosanol, however, improve physical performance and protect athletes from oxidative stress, thus maintaining their health. There has been little research on octacosanol's effect on physical performance in humans, which makes further studies necessary.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of a period of intense interval training with the consumption of cinnamon extract on the lipid profile of obese rats.

40 3-month-old obese rats with an average weight of 300 to 350 grams were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 (control, intense interval training, cinnamon extract supplement, and exercise-cinnamon extract). The training-supplement and interval training groups trained 5 times a week for 6 weeks based on the training protocol. The supplement and training-supplement groups were also given 5 servings per kilogram of body weight of 50 mg of cinnamon extract. It was gavage. 24 hours after the last training session, the subjects were fasted, anesthetized, and blood was drawn from the rats. In order to analyze the data at the descriptive level of mean and standard deviation tests and at the inferential level of the two-way ANOVA test. was used. Analysis and analysis of data was done using spss software version 26 and at the level of significance (P≤0.05).

The results of the research showed that a period of intense interval training and cinnamon extract supplementation has a significant effect on all lipid profiles of obese rats. On the other hand, there is a significant effect regarding the separate use of intense interval training and cinnamon extract supplementation. It was not observed on the lipid profile.

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the simultaneous use of endurance training and berberine supplement can be considered as a solution to improve lipid profile indicators in obese people. Keywords: intense interval training, cinnamon extract, lipid profile