نشریه رویکردهای نوین آموزشی
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، بهار و تابستان 1403)

The sense of presence in E-learning environments is an important foreground in developing efficacy in that kind of learning-teaching environment. So, it is important to promote the presence sense of learners in an E-learning environment. In order to identify the field a sense of presence in Shahid Beheshti University's LMS and develop an optimistic model, it is used exploratory mixed method. It is used survey and phenomenology methods in qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, it is determined the known three-dimensional components of the sense of presence (based on the analogical approach) and also new dimensions and components of the sense of presence (based on the inductive approach) through using the inductive-deductive qualitative content analysis method, as well as the focus group. The statistical population was all national and international studies from 2010 to 2021 and professionals and faculties at Shahid Beheshti University. It is chosen 75 articles and 9 faculties that constituted a focus group, based on purposive and convenience and criteria sampling. The data was analyzed by using MAXQDA and it presented a recommendation for developing an integrated model of presence sense. Quantitative data were collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.91 through Alpha's Cronbach and its validity is verified by the content validity index and ratio (CVI, CVR). The statistical population in the quantitative part were faculties and students at the learning center's Shahid Beheshti University and IT specialists that are chosen from 50 samples through convenience sampling in order to validate the internal model. It is used as a T-test of one sample. In the qualitative part, after refining the open codes, finally, the final components and dimensions of sense of presence include the feeling of being together, setting common rules among members, perceived self-efficacy, success in acquiring learning experiences, building capability in applying New knowledge, ability to influence others, learner's self-direction and learner's active engagement. the final dimensions of sense of presence include social presence, learning, cognitive, spatial, teaching, emotional, self-directed presence, and aesthetic presence. The result T-test one sample to evaluate the internal validity showed that the opinion's professionals regarding the developed model are higher than the mean by significant levels of 0.001 and 0.01 alpha levels. (p<0.01). so, the professionals evaluated the internal validity in developing model.

Background and purposes:

 One of the most important programs in the education system for children is the assessment of readiness for primary school entry. The aim of this research was to develop and validate a readiness assessment test for children entering primary school in Afghanistan

This research was conducted using a descriptive and test-making method. The research tool was a readiness assessment test for children entering primary school, developed based on relevant articles. A total of 100 scientific research articles related to the topic were collected and reviewed from 15 reputable domestic and international sources such as SID, Magi ran, Iran doc, IraMedex, PubMed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, Elsevier, and Cochrane. Out of this number, 34 articles that met the research criteria were analyzed. The study population consisted of children aged 5 to 7 years entering school in Kabul, Afghanistan, with a cluster sampling method selecting 290 children (155 girls and 135 boys) for participation.

The results of the research indicated that the school entry assessment test in Afghanistan consists of 10 components (numerical reasoning, attention and memory, picture completion, quantitative reasoning, retrieval, game recall, sentence and number repetition, visual-spatial reasoning, problem-solving, visual-motor skills). The results also showed that the assessment test has appropriate validity (structural validity and factor analysis) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha).

Based on the psychometric results, the school readiness assessment test for children in Afghanistan can be used as a primary screening tool.

The aim of the current research is to the effect of applying the Reggio Emilia approach on the learning of experimental sciences in the third grade of elementary school. This research was conducted as a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research was formed by the third-grade students of Andimeshk City. Among them, the third-grade students of Modares boys' primary school were selected and randomly 50 of them were replaced in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was inspired by the Reggio Emilia approach and the control group was trained with the usual method for 15 sessions. Data collection was done with the researcher-made test of the science lesson and functional checklist. Teachers and professors confirmed the validity of the tool and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha test of 0.865. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis showed that the Reggio Emilia approach increased the learning rate of third-grade elementary students in the science course in all three levels of facts, basic concepts, and skills. the use of learning in new situations and the whole has significantly increased. This study showed that by using the Reggio Emilia approach as an exploratory, formative, and constructivist approach, students' learning can increase in all three levels of learning and applying what they have learned in new situations).Therefore, it is suggested to use and check the effectiveness of this approach for other courses and educational levels of the elementary school.

This research was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the mathematical literacy of the 9th grade students. The data were collected with a qualitative approach and the use of semi-structured interviews. The research participants were among the 9th grade students of Isfahan city, who were selected using a purposeful approach and criteria-based sampling. In this research, theoretical saturation was achieved with 15 students. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the process of open, axial and selective coding. To ensure the quality of the research and validation of the findings, several strategies were used such as continuous interaction with the participants as well as assessment, review and verification of the data by experts. Based on the viewpoint of ninth grade students, the identified categories and subcategories were classified into two general categories of external and internal factors. The internal factors including the subcategories of learning mathematics, math study, motivation, metacognition, problem solving skills and beliefs were classified and the subcategories of society, educational environment and family were placed under the external factors affecting the mathematical literacy of the 9th grade students. Finally, as a general finding of the research, the conceptual model of factors affecting students' mathematical literacy was formulated and presented.

The purpose of the research was to identify the attitude of teachers towards mistakes and making mistakes in the learning process and to improve the culture of dealing with it in front of elementary school students. To achieve this goal, the interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach and phenomenological strategy of Van Manen and descriptive-analytical type were used. The field of research included the primary teachers of Kurdistan in the academic year of 2023-2024, who were selected by purposeful criterion-based sampling in the number of 12 until reaching the saturation level. The research tool was a semi-structured interview conducted by the researcher and the data format was audio. Deductive-inductive technique was used to analyze the data. The findings were analyzed in two parts: the first part, teachers' attitudes and behaviors towards students' mistakes, which included five themes, four categories, and 55 themes, and the second part, teachers' strategies to improve the culture of making mistakes, including two themes and 22 themes. Was. The results showed that the attitude and perception of the teachers about making mistakes is not very favorable and they rarely consider it as a natural part of the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to promoting the culture of making mistakes by holding training courses on the culture of facing mistakes for teachers. In this regard, creating a supportive atmosphere in creating a culture of making mistakes in schools has a significant role in the education of students and improving the quality of the educational system.

The purpos of this study  was to evaluate the integration of technology in e-education by elementary school teachers based on international standards for technology in education. This research was applied in terms of purpose and employed a survey method. The statistical population consisted of all male elementary school teachers in one district one of Hamedan city during the 2022-2023 academic year, with a sample of 140 participants. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the six dimensions of ISTE's standards. The questionnaire's validity was confirmed by educational technology professors, and its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, yielding a value of 85% for the total dimensions. The findings revealed that the integration of technology by male elementary teachers in district one of Hamedan city in e-education, considering technological concepts and operations, teaching planning across multiple environments, planning and designing learning experiences and environments, measurement and evaluation, professional productivity, and human, legal, ethical, and social technology issues, was at a favorable level. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in technology integration based on educational technology standards with regard to age, education, and experience. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that primary school teachers employ strategies related to technology integration dimensions and indicators in an integrated manner within the e-education context, aligning with global standards for technology integration in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, it is recommended that officials and planners take the necessary steps to maintain and further enhance this positive development.

The current research was carried out with the aim of developing the curriculum framework of educational-career guidance in Iran's education system using a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) in two stage. In the first step, in order to identify and explain the elements and components of the educational-career guidance curriculum framework, using the systematic review method, 81 international study sources from among all the books, articles, research reports, reliable documents in the field of academic guidance curriculum between 20001- 2022 were selected as sample. In the second step, 15 experts were selected using available sampling method to measure validity of a survey method. In the first step, the data collection tool was the Note worksheet, and in the second step, the researcher-made verification worksheet was used. In the first step, data analysis was done using the Corbin & Strauss method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The findings of the research, the elements and components of the educational-career guidance curriculum framework in Iran's education and training system in 6 elements and 17 components including; Logic (why, what), goals (development of educational, career, individual-social insight), content (learning areas, content organization pattern, content selection criteria), implementation (time, teacher-consultant, learning approach and activities, infrastructure and requirements) ), evaluation (role, process, tools and techniques) and learning outcomes (self-awareness, exploration and educational -career). Finally, the analysis of subject experts' opinions, the validity of each of the elements and components separately, as well as the validity of the final curriculum framework of academic-career guidance in Iran's education system with 12 indicators including; Comprehensiveness, macroscopic view, foresight, need-based, being native, internal consistency, descriptive ability, comprehensibility, action guide, process optimization, regularization and update and development capability were confirmed. Results of the research indicate that due to the necessity of preparing and equipping the students with knowledge, skills and attitudes to choose the educational-career field, the developed curriculum framework can be a suitable alternative for the current educational-career guidance program in the education system and through this, the challenges in clear this field.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the teachers' perception of the challenges of teaching self-regulated learning in the classroom. The research was conducted in the framework of qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The research population is all teachers working in the second grade primary schools of Torbat Heydarieh city and the sampling method was purposeful. 12 people from the research community were interviewed in the academic year 2023-24 based on theoretical data saturation. In order to ensure the validity of the research, research strategies were used by the members to obtain information from the homogenous and to analyze the data, the Collaizi method and coding, categorization and extracting the main themes were used. Based on the results, 162 concepts and 34 categories were obtained in five themes related to the challenges of teaching self-regulated learning with the titles "inadequate professional competence of the teacher", "student deficiencies", "physical and human problems of the school", "inappropriate educational culture of parents" and "limitation and weakness in organizational affairs" were categorized. Applying and paying attention to the challenges of teaching self-regulated learning that was raised in the current research has led to an increase in the awareness of teachers, administrators and education officials about this important structure and a way to design interventions and effective planning in order to improve the quality of education and develop students' self-regulated learning. It is a fundamental variable in academic success and lifelong learning, it will make it smoother.