نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال سیزدهم شماره 9 (پیاپی 102، آذر 1403)

The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between the personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness with the symptoms of insomnia and nightmares. The research method used was descriptive correlation and structural equations. The research community was formed by all the students of Isfahan University in 1402, among whom 377 people were selected as a sample. In collecting data from the Big Five Personality Factor Questionnaire (FFPQ, Goldberg, 1999), Insomnia Disorder Questionnaire (ISI, Morin, 1993), Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Questionnaire (DDNSI, Krakow, 2002), and Discordant Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ), Wells, 1997) was used. The results showed that the proposed research model was a good fit. The findings also revealed that the direct path of neuroticism variables to maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, neuroticism to insomnia, and maladaptive metacognitive beliefs to nightmares was significant (p<0.05). Other results showed that the indirect path of neuroticism variable to nightmares through maladaptive metacognitive beliefs was substantial (P <0.05) and the indirect path of neuroticism and conscientiousness variables to insomnia through maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and neuroticism variable. Nightmare conscientiousness through maladaptive metacognitive beliefs was not significant (p<0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that only the personality trait of neuroticism can affect the symptoms of nightmare disorder in Isfahan University students through maladaptive metacognitive beliefs.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the social competence group training program on the social adjustment and anxiety of Female students with social anxiety disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population includes all 10 to 12-year-old female students who were referred to the counseling and psychological services center for children with behavioral and learning disorders in Sanandaj City for counseling services in 2022. Using the sampling method, 30 people were available. They were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group), and the experimental group underwent 16 sessions of 45 minutes under the social competence training program. The measurement tools in this research were the Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CSAS) (1993) and the Anxiety Questionnaire (SCAS) (1998). Statistical data analysis was done using the repeated measurement variance analysis method. The findings showed that there was a significant difference at the level of 0.001 between the pre-test and the post-test of social adjustment and anxiety in the two experimental and control groups, and Also, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up averages in the experimental group at the 0.001 level, and the results were maintained in the follow-up period. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that the social competence training program is a suitable intervention method to improve the social adaptation and anxiety of Female students with social anxiety disorder.

The present study was conducted to determine the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between self-compassion and forgiveness and marital burnout in married people.  This descriptive-correlation research was of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this research was the married people of Isfahan city in 1402. The final sample size was considered to be 220 people. Sampling was done in an accessible manner based on an online survey. To collect data, self-compassion scale (SCS; Neff, 2003), forgiveness scale (FS; Rye et al, 2001), marital burnout questionnaire (CBM; Pines, 1996), and level of self-criticism scale (LOSC, Thompson and Zurof, 2004) were used. The results showed that the proposed model is a good fit. The findings of the research showed that self-compassion has a negative and significant relationship with marital burnout and self-criticism, also there is a negative and significant relationship between forgiveness and marital boredom, and self-criticism has a positive and significant relationship with marriage (P<0.05). Boredom (P<0.05). Other results showed that self-criticism plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and forgiveness with marital burnout (P<0.05). Based on this, it can be concluded that self-pity and forgiveness directly or mediate self-criticism on marital burnout.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism with distress tolerance in students of the university. The research method was correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population (4303 people) consisted of all the students of the psychology and educational sciences faculties of Tehran, Al-Zahra, and Allameh universities in the academic year 2022-2023. 321 individuals were selected through convenience sampling and online. The research participants answered the Simons & Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), Terry-Short Positive and Negative Perfectionism Questionnaires (1995), and Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaires (2007). The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and structural equation modeling. The finding indicated negative perfectionism had a direct and significant effect on distress tolerance and psychological capital (p < 0.001). Also, positive perfectionism had a direct and significant effect on psychological capital (p < 0.001). positive perfectionism did not have a direct and significant effect on distress tolerance (p > 0.05). Further psychological capital had a direct and significant effect on distress tolerance (p < 0.05). According to the findings, psychological capital plays a mediating role in the relationship between negative and positive psychological capital with distress tolerance (p < 0.001). So psychological capital can affect the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism distress tolerance.

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of interpersonal problems on the relationship between personality characteristics‏ and sexual dysfunction in patients with sexual dysfunction in Tehran. This paper is applied in terms of purpose and is correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with sexual dysfunction referred to family health and sexual health clinics in Tehran. By the available sampling method, 101 patients with sexual dysfunction (49 females, 52 males) as a statistical sample. were chosen. The NEO-FFI Five-Factor Scale)NEO-FFI(, the Sexual Function Scale (FSFI ،IIEF), and the Interpersonal Problem Scale (IIP) were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that personality characteristics had a specific relationship with sexual dysfunction and interpersonal problems between personality and sexual dysfunction with problems between specific (p=0/01). The mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between personality characteristics and sexual dysfunction was confirmed (B=0/47, p>0/01). Based on the results of the present study, the impact role of personality characteristics on both interpersonal problems and consequently sexual dysfunction was approved. Using the findings of the present study to prevent sexual disorders as well as treatment of couples, sexual disorders in couples can be considered as practical implications of the study.

This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional regulation skills in the relationship between social skills with executive functions of students. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was all students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Azad University, South Tehran Branch, in the first semester of 2023-2024. Using the available sampling method, a sample of 250 people was selected and participated in the study. Research tools included a questionnaire of executive functions (EFQ, Nejati, 2013), a Social skills questionnaire (MESSY, Matson & et al, 1983), and an Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ, Gross & John, 2003). The data were analyzed using the structural equation analysis method. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings showed that social skills could predict executive functions both directly and indirectly through emotion regulation skills (suppression) (p < 0.001). These results show that social skills, considering the important role of emotion regulation skills (suppression), can explain executive functions, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in programs to improve executive functions.

The purpose of this research was to predict students' anxiety Students' Anxiety based on Marital Satisfaction and Parents' Early Maladaptive Schemes. The present research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population in this research included all students from the second to sixth grades of the 1st and 2nd districts of Yazd city in the academic year of 2022-2023 and their mothers, which, according to Morgan's table, numbered 384 by multi-stage cluster sampling method. They were chosen randomly. The students responded to the SPAS Primary School Children's Anxiety Questionnaire (SCAS, 2003) and their mothers answered Questionnaires the Enrich Marital Satisfaction  (ENRICH, 1989) and Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas  (YSQ-SF, 1988). The results of multiple regression showed that among the predictor variables, marital satisfaction was able to predict students' anxiety in a negative and significant way, and the schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment, entitlement, obedience, and emotional inhibition were able to predict students' anxiety positively and importantly (p<0/05). In total, these variables explain 90/7 percent of students' anxiety. According to the obtained results, the lack of marital satisfaction and the presence of primary incompatible schemas (Emotional Deprivation, Abandonment, Entitlement, Obedience, and Emotional inhibition) in mothers lead to anxiety symptoms in their children.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of solution-focused therapy (SFT) on academic buoyancy and academic procrastination of students with low academic performance. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of two months. The statistical population included all female students of the second secondary level of Borujerd city in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 30 students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was subjected to the solution-focused therapy intervention for two months. To collect data, the Academic Buoyancy Questionnaire (ABQ; Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari, 2013) and Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS; Solomon, & Rothblum, 1984) were used. Data analysis was done using repeated measurement variance analysis. The findings showed that the academic buoyancy score in the intervention group increased significantly from the pre-test to follow-up (P<0.05), but on the other hand, the academic procrastination score decreased significantly from the pre-test to follow-up (P<0.05). It can be concluded that solution-focused therapy has led to an increase in academic buoyancy and a decrease in academic procrastination in female students.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and interpersonal forgiveness with the mediating role of resilience in the spouses of methadone maintenance patients. This descriptive-correlational study was of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this study was the spouses of people undergoing methadone maintenance treatment in the city of Rodsar in 2023. 219 people participated in this study using the available method, and they used the self-report questionnaire of spiritual intelligence (SISRI; King, 2008), the interpersonal forgiveness scale (IFS; Ehtsham Zadeh et al., 2019), and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor and Davidson, 2023) And in total of 219 questionnaires were analyzable. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method. The findings of the research showed that the proposed model was a good fit. The results showed that the direct effects of spiritual intelligence on interpersonal forgiveness, spiritual intelligence on resilience, and resilience on interpersonal kindness were significant. (P<0.05). The results of Bootstrap showed resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and interpersonal agreeableness (P<0.05). The results indicate that spiritual intelligence has a direct and mediating role in resilience in increasing interpersonal forgiveness.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation therapy on job burnout and mental fatigue of nurses. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the nurses of Shahid Lavasani Hospital in Tehran in the spring of 2023, of which 30 people (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group) were selected through purposive sampling and randomly placed in two groups. To collect data, Maslach & Jackson's Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, 1981) and Johansson et al's Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS, 2010) were used. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that there was a significant difference of 0.01 between the post-test average of job burnout and fatigue in the two experimental and control groups. In addition, the results showed that this intervention was able to significantly maintain its effect over time (P<0.0001). As a result, emotion regulation training using techniques such as thoughts, emotions, and conscious behavior can be used as an effective approach to reduce job burnout and fatigue in nurses.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination and self-control of female students with internet addiction. The present research method was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design with the control group. The population of this research included all secondary high school female students of Lahijan City in 2022, among them 34 students were selected as samples by purposive sampling, and randomly assigned to an experimental group (17 people), and a control group (17 people). Research questionnaires included: The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS, Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), and the Self-Control Questionnaire (SCQ, Tangney et al, 2004). repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference at the 0.05 level, between the pre-test and post-test averages of academic procrastination and its subscales (Studying for exams, Keeping Up with Reading Assignments, Writing a Term Paper), and self-control in the two groups; However, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up averages of academic procrastination and its subscales, and self-control (P>0.05); This means that the therapeutic effects have been stable over time. Therefore, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has been effective, as a sustainable intervention, in decreasing Procrastination and increasing the Self-Control of female students with internet addiction.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training in reducing emotional insufficiency and symptoms of attention deficit disorder in students with emotional problems. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students (fifth and sixth grades) with emotional problems who had been referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Ardabil City in 2022 to receive psychological services. The research sample consisted of 30 people, who were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (experimental and control). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 60 minutes of emotion regulation training. To collect data, an alexithymia questionnaire for children (AQC) (Rieffe et al., 2006) and a strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) (Goodman, 2001) were used. Data analysis was done with multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS20 statistical software. The findings of the research showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the post-test mean of emotional failure and symptoms of attention deficit disorder (P<0.05). According to the obtained results, it seems that emotion regulation training can be used as an effective intervention to reduce emotional failure and symptoms of attention deficit disorder in students with emotional problems.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-based group family therapy on self-differentiation and dyslexia in adolescent girls with psychosomatic disorders. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research was all teenagers aged 14 to 18 who had the criteria of psychosomatic disorders in Ahvaz city and their parents in 2023, who had been referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Ahvaz city. Among them, 40 people, 20 people in the control group and 20 people in the experimental group were selected through the purposeful sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups. To collect data, the differentiation questionnaires of Skowron and Friedlander (DSI, 1998), Bagby et al.'s (TAS, 1994) ataxia, and emotion-based group family therapy protocol were used during 5 90-minute sessions. To analyze the data, the multivariate covariance test (MANCOVA) was used. The findings of the research showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the mean of the post-test of self-differentiation and aphasia in the two experimental and control groups. As a result, emotion-based group family therapy can be considered an effective intervention for adolescent girls with psychosomatic disorders.

The present study was conducted to predict body image concerns based on rejection sensitivity, defense mechanisms, and sexual self-esteem in people referring to Zanjan gyms. The study was of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population was all men referring to Zanjan city gyms in 2023. From this community, 384 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. Research data collection tools: Body Image Concern Questionnaire (BICQ) by Littleton et al. (2005), Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) by Downey and Feldman (1996), Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DMQ) by Andrews et al. (1993) and Sexual Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SSEQ) was Basel and Rostahl (1996). Multivariate regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that rejection sensitivity, defense mechanisms, and sexual self-esteem could explain 24% of men's body image concern variance in three steps (p<0.05). According to the findings, interventions can be designed and implemented to improve rejection sensitivity, defense mechanisms, and sexual self-esteem to reduce body image concerns in men.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the unified transdiagnostic package and Cognitive behavioral therapy on the executive functions of anxiety children. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up group. The statistical population of the research included all anxious girls aged 10 to 12 who were referred to education counseling centers in Yazd in the academic year of 1402, of which 45 were purposefully selected based on the manifest anxiety questionnaire and clinical interview and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one group. Witnesses (15 people in each group) were included. The first and second experimental groups were each subjected to unified transdiagnostic and cognitive behavioral intervention during 16 sessions twice a week. Research participants were evaluated before and after the intervention and also during the follow-up period by the Executive Functions Questionnaire (EFQ) (Coolidge, 2002). Data analysis was done with the variance analysis method with repeated measurements and the Bonferroni test. The obtained results showed that the scores of executive functions in both intervention groups increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). The effect of both intervention methods had a lasting effect until the follow-up stage. Also, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods (p>0.05). In general, both interventions are suitable for improving the executive functions of anxious children.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy and hope therapy on pain anxiety and self-acceptance in patients with migraine. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all migraine patients living in Isfahan city in 2023-2024. 45 people were selected as available and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15) and one control group (15). The first intervention group received Greenberg et al.'s emotional therapy during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week, and the second group received hope therapy according to Schneider et al.'s method during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. Data were collected using McCracken et al.'s pain anxiety scale (2002) (PAS) and Chamberlin et al.'s (2001) self-acceptance scale (USAQ) and analyzed by mixed variance analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the variables of pain anxiety and self-acceptance of migraine patients between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up phase (p<0.05) and hope therapy in reducing pain anxiety and increasing self-acceptance in migraine patients. has been effective (P<0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that hope therapy was more effective in reducing pain anxiety and self-acceptance in patients with migraine; Therefore, it is suggested to use this treatment in these patients.

The present study was conducted to predict the desire for extramarital relationships based on self-sacrificing behavior with the mediation of self-compassion in married women. The method of this research was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all married women in Tehran in 2024. A sample of 300 people was selected purposefully and according to the criteria for entering and exiting the research. The research tools included the Marital Infidelity Scale (MIS) by Bashirpour et al. (2017), the Self-Sacrificing Behavior Perception Questionnaire (PSBM) by Harper and Figures (2008), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) by Neff (2003). The research data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that the research model is a good fit. The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-sacrificing behavior and desire for extramarital relationships was confirmed (p<0.05). The intensity of the direct effect was equal to -0.194 and the intensity of the indirect effect was equal to -0.213, accordingly, the intensity of the total effect of selfless behavior on the desire for extramarital relations was 0.407. The findings showed that self-sacrificing behavior both directly and indirectly (with the mediation of self-compassion) affected the desire for extramarital relationships. Therefore, self-compassion can mediate the relationship between self-sacrificing behavior and the desire for extramarital relationships.

Infertility means the inability to conceive after one year of sexual intercourse without using contraceptive methods. The research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotional couple therapy on body image and marital intimacy in infertile women referred to infertility specialists in Ahvaz. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of all infertile women referring to infertility specialists in Ahvaz city in 1402-1401. 30 infertile women (15 for each group) were randomly selected and replaced in two experimental and control groups by the purposeful sampling method. To collect data, the multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire (Kash and Hicks, 1990, MBSRQ) and the personal evaluation questionnaire of intimacy in relationships (Schaefer and Olson, 1981, PAIR) were used. The participants of the experimental group, during 9 sessions of 90 minutes, once a week, were subjected to emotional couple therapy. The data analysis was done using the statistical test of multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that with Controlling the pre-test effect between the post-test mean of body image and marital intimacy in the two test groups there is evidence of a significant difference in the level (P<0.05). According to the results of the research, the implementation of emotion-oriented couples therapy for infertile women can improve their body image and marital intimacy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Fernald's multi-sensory approach to improving reading comprehension and academic adjustment in fourth and fifth graders with reading disorders. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the students in the second year of elementary school in Ramsar City in the academic year 2023-2024, who were selected by the available sampling method and 30 people were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Fernald's multisensory approach training intervention in 15 45-minute sessions once a week. The data collection tool included Wechsler's Dyslexia Questionnaire (FQ) (1945), and Sinha and Singh's (2005) Academic Adaptability Questionnaire (AISS). The data collected in the present study were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test There was a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the average post-test of reading comprehension and academic adaptation in the experimental and control groups. From the above findings, it can be concluded that Fernald's multi-sensory approach training is effective in increasing academic adaptation and improving reading comprehension. used in fourth and fifth-grade students.

Surveys show that online platforms have become an arena for choosing a spouse. Boys and girls who register on dating sites choose a spouse with several criteria. the present research was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the tendency to choose a spouse online. The research method was a qualitative type of thematic analysis. The participants of the research were all users of internet dating sites in 2023 who had a history of activity on these platforms. Among them, 20 people were selected by purpose-based sampling method and based on the entry criteria. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were used to validate the research data. The results were carried out in the form of 8 themes including "factors related to the occupational-professional environment", "cognitive and selective factors", "factors related to trust", "factors related to the benefits and benefits of using the platform", "Psychological and attitudinal related factors", "Factors related to the duration of use", "Factors related to appropriate access" and "Factors related to selection criteria" were categorized. the results showed that it is important and necessary to pay attention to the virtual space as a platform for choosing a spouse and determining policies to support the formation of a family in this space.

The present study aimed to examine the moderating role of women's attachment style in predicting their marital satisfaction based on their husbands' internet addiction. The research method was descriptive- correlational and statistical population was every 20-50-year-old partner who lived in Tehran in 1401. 208 partners were selected as samples through the convenience sampling method and They answered the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (EMS, Fowers & Olson, 1993), Hazan and Shivers Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AASQ, 1987), and Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT, 1998). Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and regression analysis tests. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between husbands' internet addiction and women's marital satisfaction (p>0.05). In addition, there was a significant and positive relation between women's secure attachment style and their marital satisfaction (p<0.05) and a significant and negative relation between avoidant/ and anxious-ambivalent attachment style and their marital satisfaction (p<0.01). results showed that Attachment style explains a total of 11% of the variance of marital satisfaction. Furthermore, women's attachment style (both secure and insecure) cannot moderate the relation between husbands' internet addiction and their marital satisfaction. It can concluded that the women's attachment style significantly affected their marital satisfaction, but husbands' internet addiction didn’t affect it.

The present study was a review of the identity disorder of the whole body or the intense tendency of a person to have a healthy amputation. The study examined the history of the disorder, its identification as a unique disorder, diagnostic, causative, and treatment criteria. The study was a narrative review that was conducted by searching databases including Pop Fashion, Scopus, Springer, Science Direct, and Google Scalar with the keywords xenomelia, identity of the whole body, and healthy amputation. The study used indexed papers from 1997 to 2024. The study found that xenomelia disorder was more common in men and some people reported related sexual arousal. There are also no sensorimotor disorders, unrealistic beliefs, feelings of ugliness about organs, or problems with the right parietal lobe and areas associated with body representation that have caused these tendencies. The lack of successful treatment and the risks of unauthorized surgery has led some therapists to recommend licensing amputation surgery. Given that the number of people with this disorder is low and uncertain, and it does not take long to identify this disorder, further research seems necessary.

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in improving self-esteem and improving quality of life in divorced women. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included divorced women from counseling centers related to the welfare of the city in 2023. 30 people from the statistical population were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive behavioral intervention. The research tool included the short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF) (1989) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSE) (1965). The results of the multivariate Kovar-Yance analysis test showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean improvement of self-esteem and the improvement of the quality of life in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.001. Based on the findings of this research, cognitive behavioral training can be an effective solution for improving self-esteem and improving the quality of life in divorced women.

The present study was conducted to examine group solution-focused couple therapy on the compatibility, intimacy, and quality of life of women with addicted spouses admitted to addiction treatment camps. The present study was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the study was made up of all women with addicted husbands in Rafsanjan city spring and summer of 2023. From this statistical population, 30 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The tools this research included Walker and Thompson's  Marital Intimacy Scale (1983) (MIS), Spanier's Marital Adjustment Scale (1976) (DAS), and Busby et al.'s (1995) Marital Quality of Life Scale (RADS). The experimental group participated in a solution-oriented group couple therapy program for 8 sessions, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted 90 minutes. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that with the control of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean of the post-test compatibility, intimacy and quality of married life of women with addicted spouses admitted to the addiction treatment camp at the level (P<0.001). According to the findings, it can be stated that solution-oriented group couple therapy can be suitable approach to increase marital intimacy and compatibility, and as result of these factors, it can improve the quality of married life in addicts and their spouses.

Literature is a full-view mirror of the conditions of every society in different historical eras, and literary texts are always the best reference for studying and examining the social conditions of different strata of people in every era. Children are also the main foundations of the formation of any society, and examining the role and attention of scholars and writers of each nation and nation to this group of society can shed light on many cultural and social issues of that era. For this reason, in the upcoming research, the manner and frequency of children's presence in one of the valuable texts of Persian literature, Boostan, will be investigated in the context of the lifestyle theory of Alfred Adler, the leading psychologist of the 20th century. The findings of this article show that paying attention to children's gender is not very important in the garden, and even where gender is mentioned, boys are considered, and among parenting styles, authoritarian and authoritarian styles are the most present. This shows Sa’adi's advice-giving and idealistic spirit. Two months have been spent to conduct this research (data collection and analysis).