فهرست مطالب
Basic and Clinical Cancer Research
Volume:15 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023
- تاریخ انتشار: 1403/07/22
- تعداد عناوین: 5
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Pages 216-224
Uterine cancer is the numerous prevalent cancers of the female reproductive tract in industrialized as well as developing countries and its probability is arising annually. There is a total of approximated 90,000 mortality and 382,000 instances newly cases treated annually globally. The desire to create and define biological markers for the initial stages detection and therapy of uterine cancer is growing. We analyze the current state of biomarker utilization for early detection, including their sensitivity and specificity, paving the way for timely interventions. Several biomarkers, including P53, K-RAS, CA-125, HER2/neu, HE4, PTEN, MSI are used for early detection, treatment, and prevention of uterine cancer. Prognostic biomarkers in uterine cancer have emerged as indispensable tools for predicting disease progression and patient outcomes. Endometrial biopsy, CT scan, MRI Scan, Dilation and Curettage, Transvaginal ultrasound are vital for diagnosing and staging of uterine cancer and provide essential information about the cancer’s presence, size, and spread, guiding proper treatment decisions. Various treatments modalities, including surgery, Chemotherapy, targeted therapies are examined. In conclusion, early detection through biomarkers like P53, K-RAS, HER2/neu, PTEN, Serum CA-125 holds great promise for early diagnosis and treatment advancements, as well as providing hope for better results and a higher standard of living for individuals in future generations.
Keywords: Endometrial Cancer, Uterine Cancer, P53, PTEN, K-RAS, HE4, Prognostic Biomarker, Early Diagnosis -
Pages 225-236Background
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women worldwide. Optimal methods for most cancer control require the use of appropriate biomarkers. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as closed-loop RNA molecules generated through reverse splicing, have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer development.
MethodsIn this observation, the expression of 3 unique circRNAs - cdr1as, circRNA- 000284, circ-ITCH - within the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients was studied using Real-Time RT-PCR before and after chemotherapy compared with the control.
ResultsThe data confirmed that the analyzed circRNAs expression was significantly altered in breast cancer patients compared to the controls (p< 0.0001). These alterations have been related to advanced stages, lymph node involvement, and metastasis. CircRNA-000284 expression considerably decreased after chemotherapy (p< 0.0001). This may propose its potential as a biomarker for monitoring treatment response.
ConclusionData suggests that increased expression of circRNA-cdr1as and circRNA- 000284, along with decreased expression of circ-ITCH, are observed in breast cancer patients. These expression changes are associated with poor prognosis and prediction. Additionally, the expression level of circRNA-000284 significantly decreases after chemotherapy, indicating its potential as a candidate marker for studying chemotherapy response. these findings provide valuable insights for the development of novel strategies in the management and treatment of breast cancer. However, further studies are required to validate the clinical utility of these circRNAs as biomarkers and to explore their underlying mechanisms in breast cancer progression.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Circrnas, Biomarkers, Chemotherapy, Prognosis -
Pages 237-244Background
Mammographic breast density (MBD) is directly related to the risk of breast cancer. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that metformin can reduce the proliferation and growth of breast cancer tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metformin on MBD in non-diabetic premenopausal women.
MethodsA double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in women who attended the Breast Clinic for opportunistic BC screening or mild breast symptoms. A total of 151 premenopausal women received 500 mg metformin tablets or a placebo made by the same company, twice a day for 6 months, . All the mammograms were evaluated by two expert radiologists. The changes in MBD were compared between the two groups.
ResultsFinal data were evaluated based on 67 and 84 women in the metformin and placebo groups, respectively. Based on results from ordinal logistic regression, the odds of achieving a higher density for the intervention group was approximately 2.33 (95% CI, 1.04 to 5.18) times that of the placebo group.
ConclusionThis clinical trial showed that consumption of metformin 500 mg twice daily for 6 months is associated with a higher mammographic breast density as compared to the placebo group. As metformin is used very commonly, we suggest that this medicine should be considered as a probable confounding factor when conducting studies about MBD.
Keywords: Metformin, Breast Density, Mammography, Confounding Factor, Weight -
Pages 259-265Background
Underreporting bias related to opium use is a significant methodological issue that can threaten the results of epidemiologic studies, particularly when opium use is the exposure of interest. In our current study, we aimed to measure the sensitivity of opium use. among cancer patients and identify the contributing factors
MethodIn a cross-sectional study, we examined the sensitivity of self-reported opium use among cancer cases. In this study, we avoided using urine tests as the gold standard to prevent false positive results, given that most cancer patients use opioids to alleviate their pain. Instead, we relied on their reports of use to anesthesiologists as the gold standard and compared it with their reports to interviewers to calculate sensitivity
ResultsThe sensitivity of self-reported opium use among cancer patients was approximately 63.33% (95% CI: 43.86% – 80.07%). Interestingly, this sensitivity was significantly higher among cigarette users 88.24% (95% CI: 63.56% – 98.54%) compared to non-users 30.77% (95% CI: 9.09% – 61.43%). Additionally, the sensitivity of self-reported opium use was higher among alcohol users and participants with low socioeconomic status compared to their counterparts, although these differences were not statistically significant.
ConclusionThe observed sensitivity of self-reported opium use among cancer patients underscores the importance of meticulous and comprehensive approaches for collecting and interpreting self-reported substance use data. Researchers and policymakers should consider contributing factors to the sensitivity of self-reported opium use.
Keywords: Self-Reported, Sensitivity, Opium, Cancer -
Pages 266-274Background and Aims
Laryngeal cancer poses a significant health challenge, particularly in Iran, where it exerts a substantial burden on the healthcare system. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the geographic variation in laryngeal cancer incidence across Iran, estimate its burden in 2022, and project trends up to 2050.
MethodsOur study utilized data from two sources: the Iran National Population- based Cancer Registry (INPCR) for a four-year period (2014-2017) and the GLOBOCAN 2022 study. From the INPCR data, we calculated average age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) for each province. Additionally, the GLOBOCAN 2022 study provided estimates of laryngeal cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2022, along with projections for future trends until 2050.
ResultsLaryngeal cancer displayed significant regional variations within Iran between 2014 and 2017, with Kerman and North Khorasan provinces experiencing the highest incidence rates. Laryngeal cancer incidence increased with age and remained considerably higher in males. In 2022, laryngeal cancer represented 2 % of new cancer cases in Iran, with ASIRs higher than global averages. By 2050, a substantial increase in both incidence and mortality rates is projected, emphasizing the growing burden of laryngeal cancer in Iran.
ConclusionThis study highlights the substantial variations in laryngeal cancer incidence across Iranian provinces. Our findings suggest that opium use, in addition to established risk factors like tobacco and alcohol, might contribute to the high incidence rates observed in Iran. Early diagnosis and targeted interventions tailored to regional risk factor prevalence are crucial to address the growing public health burden of laryngeal cancer in Iran.
Keywords: Laryngeal Cancer, Geographic Variation, Incidence, Mortality, Projection, Iran