نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه محیط شهری
پیاپی 14 (تابستان 1403)

Today, more than half of the world's people live in cities, and on the one hand, cities are considered as the centers of social, economic and spatial development. On the other hand, they are the most suitable places where economic, social and environmental issues and problems appear. Urban sustainability seeks to protect the environment, economic survival and diversity, generational equality. The use of renewable resources is minimal. Today, urban livability as a wide range of necessities for people living in a community, such as diverse housing options, economic development, built environment with mixed use, access to a wide range of services and facilities, access to green space, human-centered transportation, helps the quality of life of the community, reaching It facilitates sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability in District 22 of Tehran metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical and using field data (questionnaire). The statistical sample in order to collect field data in this study under the statistical sample consists of the total size of the statistical sample equal to 384 people. Its analysis has been done using Pearson correlation analysis of the components. According to the results of the test, in which the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.916 and the significance level is zero, it means that there is a significant and positive relationship between urban livability and environmental sustainability. According to the Pearson's correlation coefficient, all the components of the bio-friendly city have a significant relationship with one dimension of environmental sustainability, and according to the coefficient numbers, it can be said that all the relationships are positive, which shows that the relationship between each of the components of the bio-friendly city and the dimensions of environmental sustainability has a direct relationship. The components of the sustainable city are reduced and vice versa.

The importance of urban environmental issues has never been more visible than today. Because today, cities are considered as the most important achievement of technological, economic, cultural and social efforts of man, which has increased in proportion to the rapid growth of urban population and urbanization, consumption of resources and the spread of environmental pollution in cities. This article has tried to identify and cluster the drivers affecting the future state of urban metabolism in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis with the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 urban experts based on targeted sampling and development drivers, 36 driving forces in 5 economic, social, institutional-management, physical and environmental dimensions, which have been processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software. The findings, in terms of the overall analysis of the system environment, showed that 645 relationships have the number 3, and this means that the relationships of the key drivers are very large and have great influence. Also, other results of the research from the analysis of mutual effects indicate the dispersion of driving forces in a complex and intermediate situation of effectiveness and effectiveness; The clustering system of thrusters indicates the concentration of dual thrusters. Out of a total of 36 driving forces of development, 8 key drivers including urban infrastructure, urban structure, population growth, housing development, adoption of sustainable technologies, environmental protection, health and safety, and development of cultural and recreational facilities have been identified.

Rural towns are one of the most successful examples of settlements that have a significant impact on the elimination of regional imbalances and regional inequalities. The purpose of the current research is to investigate and evaluate the role of the small city of Tawheed in the sustainable development of regional settlements, In terms of practical-theoretical purpose, this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method, and documentary, library, and survey studies have been used. The statistical population of the research has been determined and estimated to be (374) people. To select statistical samples using a simple random sampling method and to analyze data using one-sample T-test and Friedman test with SPSS software and population density analysis (Kernel density) was used using ARC GIS software. The results of the analysis of statistical tests to investigate the effect and role of the small town of Tawheed in the dimensions of the stability of the settlements in the sphere of influence showed that the management dimension has the highest score with (3.34) and the socio-cultural indicators with (2.61) have the lowest score. The findings of the research show a direct and meaningful relationship between the dimensions of development. Finally, the results of the T-Tech test showed that the four studied components with a significance level of less than 0.05 affect the strengthening of Tawheed city in the direction of strengthening regional development. Based on the spatial analysis (population density) carried out, there is a significant relationship between geographical factors such as distance and proximity and the degree of relationship with the city. That is, the villages that are located at a closer distance from the city have a greater relationship with the city, as a result, the population is more concentrated in them and their stability is more, and the opposite is also true. It should be said that small cities, especially surrounding settlements, leave mostly positive and sometimes negative effects on the surrounding areas in various dimensions, which have been discussed in this research.

Evidence suggests that in urban neighborhoods, the quality of physical units (neighborhoods) is consistent with social behaviors. Crime and how to deal with the phenomenon of crime and social irregularities are among the problems and challenges of most cities today. Therefore, each neighborhood has characteristics that are different from other urban neighborhoods, which is effective in the occurrence and prevention of crime. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role and impact of social capital components in preventing urban crimes in the old texture of Kashan city. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and the required data is collected through a survey study by completing questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with the sample population and other required data to extract the conceptual framework of the theoretical foundations of the research through documentary and library studies and review of research conducted in this field. Finally, 6 main components of social capital (Trust, Security, Participation, Awareness, Cohesion and Crime Prevention) are introduced to measure their impact on the prevention of urban crimes in the study area. To determine the sample size, using Cochran's formula, 200 residents of the old texture of Kashan city were selected to complete the questionnaires, and the results were analyzed and prioritized using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method and Amos software. The research findings show that the potentials of social capital have been effective in preventing urban crimes in Kashan city. Because the significance level (P-value) for both paths is less than 0.05. Based on the analyzes performed, the trust component has the greatest impact on crime prevention with a factor loading of 0.82 and the cohesion component with a factor loading of 0.48 has the minimum impact.

Today, conscious participation is the focal point and central element in achieving good urban governance and sustainable development. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to Analysis the impact of participatory management on the dimensions of sustainability in the level of urban neighborhoods in Zabol city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the nature and method of research, it is a quantitative and survey method. The data needed for the research was collected by a documentary-questionnaire method. In this research, 2 types of statistical population were used. A) Citizens living in Zabol city as a sample community (134950 people) whose sample size was determined by using Cochran's formula as 383 people. b) Statistical population, specialists who were selected as a statistical sample based on the purposeful sampling of 20 people. SPSS software and models (EDAS and F-AHP) were used for data analysis. The results of the coefficient of variation test showed that in all the mentioned items, the middle and lower ranks have a higher percentage, in fact, the results indicate the poor state of participatory management in Zabol city. In the study of the correlation between the dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, physical and environmental) with participatory management at the local level of Zabol city, the chi-square test values showed that, there is a positive and significant relationship between all dependent variables with collaborative management at the 99% confidence level. Finally, the results of the effectiveness of each of the dimensions of the sustainability of the neighborhoods of Zabol based on the participatory management approach using the EDAS model showed the physical dimension with a weight of 0.98 and the environmental dimension with a weight of 0.011, respectively, they have assigned the highest and lowest rank.

Neighborhood-oriented sustainable development is one of the subcategories of urban sustainable development, which is trying to improve the living standards of residents with behavioral-spatial correlation by using various physical, human, economic, and cultural tools and funds. The purpose of the present research was to explain the mediating role of spatial behaviors in the generalization of the theory of planned behavior in order to achieve sustainability goals in the residential areas of Shiraz. Achieving this goal required an answer to the question that how does the spatial behavior of citizens affect the motivation, attitude, norms and behavioral needs of people on the path of sustainability? Previous studies showed that there is a gap in investigating this hypothesis that the behavioral-spatial capabilities of an environment can also be a behavioral catalyst to improve the efficiency of other variables. To prove this hypothesis, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared based on the components of this theory. The designed items were validated by 11 experts in the field of behavior and psychology. The test population was the citizens of Shiraz city, who were selected randomly and classified. These people have included a community equal to 600 people. To conduct the research, an equation model was designed in AMOS software. This model was completed first with the mediating role of spatial behavior and then with the moderation of spatial structure and order (axial or central). The results confirmed the effect of spatial behavior in transforming sustainable behavior into the regular behavior pattern of residents and showed that norms with a regression coefficient of 0.810 have the greatest impact on people's behavior and take the greatest impact from environmental capabilities. Spatial behaviors with a regression coefficient of 0.721 affect the daily behaviors of individuals and put people on a sustainable path by strengthening other behavioral variables. The results also showed that in terms of structure, central patterns had a greater impact on people's spatial and sustainable behaviors, while in axial structures, people behave more based on their individual and internal features.

The rapid growth of urbanization, due to the inability to accept reasonable legal limits, has led the flow of residence to the edge of the city and causes the formation of illegal settlements. Therefore, informal settlement is not a temporary issue with limited dimensions and there is an agreement on its survival, reproduction and expansion which is a sign of the inadequacy of the current urban development policies and it requires new approaches and measures. Based on this, the empowerment model aims to achieve the necessary improvement in these settlements with the participation and trust-building and the use of urban renovation and improvement methods, the creation of a sound economic infrastructure and the elimination of material poverty in the shade of the cooperation and participation of the beneficiaries. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type with an applied purpose, and the information was obtained in the field using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the residents of Ipekchiler neighborhood in Tabriz city and the sample size was estimated to be 232 people based on Cochran's formula. One-way ANOVA, one-sample T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the variables and indicators. To measure the variables in the questionnaire, a five-level Likert scale was used. The findings show that among the empowerment indicators, none of them are higher than the average limit of 3 in the Likert scale. the neighborhood of Ipkechilar In terms of physical and access (2/16), economic (2/63), social participation (2/95), empowerment (2.96) and management indices (2/22), it obtained. The result indicates that the current mechanism for planning this inferior and informal neighborhood in the above dimensions, to improve the urban space for the life of the residents, shows to be unsuccessful and ineffective. Therefore, in order to increase citizens' participation and the practical realization of the empowerment strategy, it is necessary for city officials to provide a high ground for citizens' participation In this case, the implementation of the empowerment strategy leads to the improvement of the needed structures and institutions in the economic, social, and physical fields in the neighborhood of Ipakechilar.

Introduction

Islam as the law that guarantees human happiness, has set certain principles and rules to purify people's beliefs and actions, which frees people from vain desires and useless thoughts, and guides them to a purposeful life. The purpose of this article is to recognize and analyze the importance, necessity and practical examples of architectural design patterns in Islamic teachings. Conducting targeted scientific research in order to explain architectural design patterns based on Islamic teachings will lead to a healthy lifestyle, improvement of working relationships, prosperity of engineering services and avoidance of deviations.

The research method in this research is descriptive and analytical, and its contents are collected in a library and using internet resources.

The most important patterns of architectural design that are more consistent with Islamic teachings are: using correct beliefs, relying on divine values and paying attention to Islamic identity, paying attention to the spiritual and spiritual dimension of man, avoiding luxury and aristocracy, avoiding showing off, seeking fame and boasting in Building construction, paying attention to nature, wind and sun, paying attention to the sanctity and importance of housing, paying attention to the size of housing, the importance of building strength, accuracy in apartment building and living in apartments, the importance of the value of modesty, preserving privacy and sanctity, preserving the value of privacy, observing the rights of citizens, paying attention To children, the elderly and the disabled, avoiding the vices of citizenship, respecting people's rights, not respecting the neighbor's property, observing the rules of openings and windows, not imitating the western culture and paying attention to the rules of the facade of the building.

The religion of Islam, which has plans for human happiness and success in various dimensions, has not overlooked architecture and its position and has provided various recommendations in this regard. The verses of the Quran and the traditions of the infallibles (PBUH) show the importance and necessity of architecture and the models derived from it in Islam. Islam explains the unique indicators of suitable and suitable housing for a Muslim man, paying attention to each of them ensures human happiness in this world and the hereafter. Paying attention to these indicators and its practical examples well indicates the awakening of Islamic identity and the protection of human values in it. This type of architecture, which took on a more objective existence with the advent of Islam, gradually suffered serious damage due to familiarity with western culture and its imitation. In this direction, engineers should take into account Islamic teachings and model the architecture of the past Muslims, and reduce the resemblance to the infidels and the dominance of western architecture.

Awareness of citizenship rights can have a significant impact on the economic development of urban areas. When citizens are aware of their rights in areas such as transparency, access to public services and protection of property rights, an environment for investment and entrepreneurship is provided that will help grow the local economy. Awareness of citizenship rights leads to the development of infrastructure and improvement of the quality of life, which has more positive effects on the economic prosperity of urban areas. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the impact of awareness of citizenship rights on economic development in Shiraz city. In this regard, the research method of structural analysis and pairwise comparison of mutual effects of indicators was used using MICMAC software. The results of the research were presented in the form of tables and graphs output from the software and showed that citizens' awareness of their rights causes indicators such as attracting capital, improving urban access, increasing empowerment and improving public services to have more direct effects on the economic development of urban areas. By strengthening transparency and increasing social participation, these factors provide a suitable platform for the economic growth and prosperity of these areas. In addition, the graph of influence and effectiveness showed that the indicators are scattered on the axis and do not have stable conditions. The most important indicator for the economic development of urban areas is the formulation of laws that provide the possibility of attracting maximum capital with minimum risk. These laws provide a suitable platform for economic growth by creating investment security and reducing obstacles.