مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و هفتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 197، آذر و دی 1403)

In developing societies, in addition to the fact that the high fertility rate can cause problems, its low rate causes the age structure of the population to change to old age. Proportionate population of countries is important according to social conditions, and every country should try to reduce social vulnerability with policies based on increasing or decreasing fertility by recognizing the social and economic effects. This article is done with the aim of identifying social harms with regard to total fertility.

The current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and a qualitative research in terms of its method, which was conducted to identify the components of social vulnerability with the approach of total fertility in 1403. For this purpose, based on the review of past studies, 75 components were identified and then using the opinions of 27experts in the field of research, the most important components were identified and categorized.

Based on the results of 6 dimensions and 14components have been determined as components of social vulnerability with total fertility: family/community composition (3components), social and economic status (5components), status of minority groups (1component), status Community health (2components), public health infrastructure (2components) and education (1component).

Considering the importance of the economic-social situation and the mentioned damages, it is suggested that the target group in the implementation of population policies should be in the areas that are exposed to less economic-social damagesl; and More facilities should be considered in areas where this damage is more.

This study aimed to investigate 4-weeks of selected aerobic training on the expression of GDNF gene and its receptor GFRα1 in hippocampal rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).

In this experimental study, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Animals were subjected to spinal cord injury under general anesthesia and T11-T9 spine surgery, and after 2 weeks of recovery, aerobic exercises were performed on them. After training, hippocampal tissue was removed to examine the gene expression.

The expression of GDNF in the SCI model was significantly decreased compared to the control group, and the expression of this gene was increased in the SCI group of the first exercise and in the SCI group of the second exercise compared to the SCI group; However, this increase did not show a significant difference between the two SCI groups. The expression of the GFRα1 receptor in the SCI model had a significant decrease compared to the control group. This expression was increased in the SCI group of the first exercise and in the SCI group of the second exercise compared to the SCI group; However, this increase did not show a significant difference between the two SCI groups.

The training protocols of this study increased the expression of the GDNF gene and its receptor GFRα1 in SCI rats, and it can be considered as a contributing factor to neural growth and neuronal survival in SCI models.

High-intensity exercises are associated with muscle injuries and DOMS.This study aimed to determine the effect of taking 8 weeks of ginger supplementations on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in response to exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.

In this semi-experimental study,24 female taekwondo athletes (mean age 19.75±2.03 years, height 160±6 cm, weight 53.99±7.49 kg) were selected voluntarily.Subjects were randomly assigned to the ginger supplement + exhaustive (GE+EE) and exhaustive exercise (EE) groups.24 doses of 2000 mg of ginger supplement (3 days/week for 8 weeks) were taken in the morning and evening (4 capsules of 500 mg: 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening).Then Bruce's test was performed as an exhaustive exercise.Blood samples were collected in two stages before and after the intervention, and serum levels of CK and LDH were measured using the ELISA method.The t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to analyze intra-group changes and compare between groups from pre-test to post-test using SPSS version 25 software.

The results showed a significant increase in the level of serum CK(P=0.003) and LDH (P=0.001) in the EE group. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the level of serum CK (P = 0.05) and LDH (P<0.001) in the group of GE+EE.In addition, there was a significant difference between the group of GE+EE and the EE. (P<0.001).

Taking 8 weeks of ginger supplementation compared to not taking ginger supplementation can effectively reduce muscle injury following exhaustive exercise in female taekwondo athletes.

The aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on self-compassion in hemodialysis patients. 

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group with follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all hemodialysis patients referred to the dialysis center of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Shahrood city in 1402, numbering 211 people. The research sample included 45 people and the purposive sampling method was used. Research tools include; The questionnaire was the self-compassion questionnaire of Neaf (2003), as well as the therapeutic protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy (Valsaraj et al., 2021) and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (Segal et al., 2013) was used. The data was analyzed using the statistical test of mixed analysis of variance.

The findings showed that the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness had a significant effect on improving self-compassion in hemodialysis patients in the post-test. There was a difference between the scores of the self-compassion in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up regardless of the type of intervention. Among the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective in increasing self-compassion in hemodialysis patients (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that with both methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, especially cognitive behavioral therapy which was more effective, the recovery in hemodialysis patients can be accelerated.

considering the lack of RCT’s and the importance of the subject it was necessary to examine the effectiveness of capacity building Dynamic Psychotherapy on emotion dysregulation and distress tolerance of boatrderline personality disorder patients.

this was a randomized controlled trial and from all BPD patients with high levels of emotion dysregulation and low levels of distress tolerance of neuropsychiatric clinics in Qom during fall 2023, 30 eligible individuals were selected using randomized clustered sampling and were randomly assigned into intervention and control group. The data from Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) in pretest and posttest were analyzed via SPSS-26 through analyze of covariance (ANCOVA).

the ANCOVA results showed that the differences between groups in emotion dysregulation (F=75/66, p=0/04) and distress tolerance (F=86/15, p=0/02) were significant.

Capacity Building Dynamic Psychotherapy can be considered as an effective intervention for reducing emotion dysregulation and improving distress tolerance in BPD patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of family communication skills training on the social adjustment and happiness of female students.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research consists of all female secondary school students of NoorabadMamsani city who were selected by cluster sampling. 90 students were selected for the initial sampling. After the test, 40 people who scored less than 50 in the happiness questionnaire, which is the cut-off point, social compatibility score with a cut-off point of more than 20, and less than 100 in the communication skills test were randomly selected from these 40. There were 20 people in the control group and 20 people in the experimental group. The research tools included the Social Health Questionnaire, which was developed by Corey Keyes in 2004, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of covariance test, following statistical assumptions.

The results showed that after controlling for the effect of the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups is significant for the variable of social health and happiness, and the mean scores of the experimental group in the variable of social health and happiness are also significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001).

According to the research results, it can be said that family communication skills training has an effect on the research variables.

Introduction:

The application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs is increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. The aim of this study is to investigate some of the Chemical compounds and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa leaf on male rats.

Material and Method:

In the present experimental study, 36 adult male rats were divided into 6 groups: control group, groups treated with the extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), morphine (1 mg/kg) and naloxone (mg/kg) in combination with 300 mg/kg extract. The analgesic effects of HRC were assessed with writhing, tail-flick and formalin tests. The data were compared and investigated by One-wayANOVA and the Duncan test.

Results:

According to the results, the highest amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoid and antioxidant activity was related to the concentration of 300 mg of extract.Moringa oleifera leaf extract significantly inhibited the number of contractions induced by acetic acid (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01). Doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg HRC showed antinociceptive activity in the tail flick model (P<0.01). In formalin test, the highest effect was observed at dose of 300 mg/kg (P<0.01).

According to the present results, Moringa oleifera hydroalcoholic extracts have central and peripheral analgesic effects.

Mothers of children with cancer are more exposed to psychological and emotional problems and mental health threats in general than mothers of healthy children. This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of effective factors in the conceptualization of emotion regulation strategies in mothers with children with cancer.

This research was done with qualitative method and grounded theory method. Subjects were selected through the purposeful sampling method and continued until new information was obtained during the interview. Finally, 13 mothers with children with cancer were selected and analyzed through a semi-structured interview and using the constant comparison method of Strauss and Corbin.

The results showed that ambivalent emotion regulation was the central category of mothers' emotion regulation pattern. Causal conditions were obtained for disease-based emotion and disease state. For the intervention conditions, pressure factors of treatment cost and external cooperation were extracted. Calming and positivity strategies were obtained as strategies of the qualitative model, and finally, the final results derived from the research were the transformation of the mother's attitude, the actions of other children, and the transformation of relationships.

It is suggested to use the results of this model to improve emotion regulation in mothers with children with cancer.

Objeectiv: 

Central stability and strengthening of central stabilizing muscles and balance in people, especially housewives (due to less activity and as a result more vulnerability) has become one of the new debates in the world of sports.

This study was conducted with the aim of the effect of TRX exercises on height control and endurance and strength of central muscles of women aged 25-35. Twenty women aged between 25 and 35 years old were selected in experimental group of TRX and control exercises. In this research, the strength of the abdominal muscles (using the abdominal pressure gauge), t The exercise program was carried out for 8 weeks, and three sessions each week for 45 minutes under the supervision of a corrective movement specialist. Data analysis was analyzed by variance analysis for repeated data in the SPSS software package. In the inferential statistics section Independent and dependent t-tests were used for data analysis. A significance level of P ≥ 0.05 was considered for all analyses.

According to the results obtained, TRX exercises on strength balance (P=0.012) and trunk endurance (P=0.03) had a positive effect in the sense that people who had TRX exercises had better strength, endurance and balance than the control group.

Based on the present study, it can be stated that T-rax exercises can be used as a Appropriate rehabilitation method should be used to increase the strength of abdominal muscles, balance and also for muscular endurance for women.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on emotion suppression and severity of intestinal symptoms of IBS-D patients with comorbid Depression.

this was a randomized controlled trial and from IBS-D patients with comorbid Depression of neuropsychiatric clinics in Qom during summer 2023, 30 eligible individuals were selected using randomized clustered sampling and were randomly assigned into intervention (ISTDP) and control group. The data from Emotional Control Questionary (ECQ) and Bowel Symptoms Severity and Frequency Scale (BSS-FS) in pretest and posttest were analyzed via SPSS-26 through analyze of covariance (ANCOVA).

 the ANCOVA results showed that the differences between groups in emotional suppression (F=84/24, p=0/02) and severity of intestinal symptoms (F=66/75, p=0/03) were significant.

ISTDP can be considered as an effective intervention for reducing emotional suppression and intestinal symptoms in depressed IBS-D patients.

Doctor-patient relation and mutual understanding lead to positive results such as motivating patients to follow instructions carefully, increasing the quality of care and treatment and improving patient outcomes and reducing costs. On the other way an empathetic approach in the clinical environment can lead to an increase in clinical competence, professional satisfaction, increase in accuracy and feeling of success in treatment, decrease in medical errors in doctors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the improvement of empathy skills in medical students and seeks to answer the question, do medical students experience emotional pain during their studies? This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all first and last year students studying medicine in 1401 at Islamic Azad University of Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch. The study tool was the Persian version of the Jefferson Questionnaire, which includes 20 questions on a Likert scale and scores 100-20. After completing the questionnaires, the data was analyzed with SPSS software. 180 first and last year medical students were examined. The average score of empathy in first and last year students was 75.71 ± 8.1 and 73.73 ± 9.09 respectively, which is statistically significant (u=275.5, P-Value<0 /001). Empathy in medical students decreases at the end of the university period, so the development of empathy should be considered in clinical education by medical education planners. Also, student support systems and mental health should be considered.

Obesity is associated with a decrease in antioxidants and an increase in inflammation, and vitamin D deficiency accelerates this process. New evidence has shown that vitamin D and exercise have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of 8 weeks of intensive intermittent running with and without vitamin D consumption on the levels of total antioxidant capacity and eotaxin-1 in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency was investigated.

In this clinical trial study, 52 overweight women with vitamin D deficiency, after being selected by available sampling method, were randomly divided into three groups: control, exercise, exercise+vitamin (combined). The HIIRT was performed with the 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with 1-min active recovery at 50% HRmax in between bouts for 8 weeks and 3 times a week. Combined groups took vitamin D (50,000 IU) once a week. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P<0.05).

After 8 weeks, eotaxin-1 levels decreased and TAC values increased significantly in the exercise, and combined groups. However, the changes of eotaxin-1 and TAC levels in the combined intervention group were significantly higher in comparison with the exercise group (p<0.05).

It seems that HIIRT with and without vitamin D intake can help increase health in people with vitamin D deficiency, partly by increasing the antioxidant status and reducing eotaxin-1, and combined intervention is associated with the strengthening of these effects.

The purpose of this research was the effect of psychological intervention on the performance of Iraqi futsal players Semi-experimental research method and research design is pre-test-post-test with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of Iraqi futsal players in the city of Baghdad with an age range of 20 to 30 years. 30 people were selected based on entry and exit criteria and voluntarily and available. The samples were divided into two groups of 15 people (a control group and an experimental group) in a simple random manner. The research tool included LongoMatch v.1.8.3 software. The research protocol consisted of a ten-session intervention (PSTMI) consisting of an introductory session, eight skill sessions (goal setting, motor imagery, mindfulness/arousal regulation, and self-talk) and a final session derived from Josephson et al.'s (2017) research. . To analyze the research data, univariate analysis of covariance test was used. All statistical operations of the research were considered using SPSS version 25 software with a significance level of P<0.05. The results showed that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups for the variables of effective pass, missed pass and shooting is significant (p<0.001).Discussion and Therefore, it can be said that the intervention of mindfulness and psychological skills training is effective in reducing the missed pass and increasing the effective pass and shooting of Iraqi futsal players.

Abortion is a complex category in the field of reproductive health that has received less attention due to its controversial nature. The aim of the present study was to investigate abortion among women in Isfahan city.

Qualitative research method and thematic analysis method were used. The statistical community of midwifery doctors in Isfahan city in 2024, and the sample size in the qualitative section was 10 interviewees at the saturation level who were selected by purposive sampling. The measurement tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part.

The findings showed that the open codes extracted based on the common responses of the interviewees in the design of the analysis model of abortion among women based on four main areas (selective coding) including: "individual causes", "family causes", "causes "social" and "cultural causes" have been obtained.

Therefore, we conclude that decision-making in the face of unplanned pregnancy is always based on avoiding threats and harm, and the approach of women's selection strategy is different based on the type and intensity of perceived conflicting threats.

Dissociative disorders are post-traumatic and psychotic syndromes that generally develop over time and during childhood. These disorders are gaining increasing acceptance due to the validity of the diagnosis among different populations, but despite empirical evidence supporting the validity of this diagnosis and its association with trauma, this disorder remains an uncertain and ambiguous diagnosis. On the other hand, due to the limited information available about the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, this study aims to identify this disease, its dimensions, and its treatment processes.

The present study was an interpretative study with a qualitative approach that attempted to identify influential variables in this field by adopting the meta-synthesis technique. The statistical population of this study was all printed sources in the field of dissociative disorder, and 30 articles were selected according to the Casp Rubric approach.

The analysis was conducted using an Open, Axial, and Selective Coding system, and ultimately the results indicate 5 important axes in the field of dissociative disorder, which are empirical etiology, treatment, dissociative experiences, and dissociative disorder.

Dissociative disorder is characterized by three types of disorders. Individuals with type 1 have high functioning. Individuals with type 2 have lower functioning and experience a higher rate of comorbidity with other disorders. Individuals with type 3 are usually unable to work, have worse living conditions, and require frequent hospitalization.

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threatening and potentially traumatic event, causing psychological problems among communities. So far, few studies have evaluated the psychological impact of COVID-19-related deaths on the mental health of bereaved people. This study aimed to assess the mental health of individuals who lost a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sanandaj, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the family members of the deceased confirmed COVID-19 patients living in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2020 – 2021. A total of 405 participants completed the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) anonymously after obtaining informed consent and entered the study.

The mean age of the participants was 39.87 ± 8.31 years. Most participants (76.8%) reported only mild to moderate symptoms, whereas 5.4% indicated severe symptoms, and 17.8% reported no mental health difficulties. The depression dimension was more prevalent in the mothers, daughters, and sisters of the deceased, and the percentage of disorder in the obsessive-compulsive and paranoid ideation dimensions was more prevalent in women and unemployed people, respectively.

According to our results, COVID-19-related death negatively affected the mental health of a relative. Given the pandemic's possible long-term mental health effects, planning to improve mental health in vulnerable groups should be considered for the post-COVID-19 era.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxocara parasite larvae found in the human body, with soil contamination rates ranging from 13.2% globally to 63.5-3.5% in Iran. Given the prevalence of stray dogs and the significance of understanding pathogenic parasites like Toxocara, a study was conducted in Gonabad city to determine the exact prevalence of these parasites in the soil of parks and saffron fields.

In a study conducted in Gonabad, 96 soil samples were collected from public parks and saffron fields, and examined for Toxocara eggs using a sucrose flotation method. The data collected was then analyzed using SPSS 26 software.

The study compared soil samples from public parks and saffron farms, finding a higher percentage of contamination in the latter. Despite this, the chi-square test did not show a significant difference in pollution levels between the two locations. The study also revealed a discrepancy in contamination frequency between diagnostic methods, with the sucrose saturation method detecting contamination in 20% of samples. These results emphasize the potential risk of soil pollution in both parks and farms, underscoring the need for accurate diagnostic techniques to assess contamination levels effectively.

The results showed that the soil contamination of public parks and saffron fields in Gonabad city with Toxocara species eggs is high, so it increases the probability of Toxocaria infections in humans, and to reduce the risk of human infection, it is necessary to implement preventive programs by the authorities.