International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Autumn 2024

The relationship between alcohol consumption and diabetes is still not well defined. In some studies, alcohol consumption is introduced as a factor that improves insulin sensitivity, and in others as a factor that increases insulin resistance. But long-term alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Since alcohol produces a lot of calories in the body, drinking alcohol in diabetics can increase blood sugar and also cause obesity .

In this systematic review, all qualitative articles related to the study objectives, published from 2008 to January 2024, were reviewed. Search in Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, SID, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/Medline Embase with keywords: alcohol, insulin, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The entry criteria were articles in English or Farsi, qualitative articles related to the objectives of the study. Exclusion criteria were articles that were in the form of posters, speeches, letters to the editor, and quantitative studies.

The findings from the review of 20 qualitative studies showed that Alcohol can disrupt the body's blood sugar control mechanism and lead to a severe drop in sugar in diabetics .

There is an inverse and non-significant relationship between the amount of alcohol consumption and the beneficial effects on people with type 2.

The resurgence of the Mpox virus in various regions has raised significant concerns regarding its potential to evolve into a global pandemic, mainly due to the rising rates of human-to-human transmission. This review aims to delve into the intricate aspects of Mpox by analyzing recent epidemiological data, transmission dynamics, clinical features, and public health responses. Our primary objective is to evaluate the pandemic potential of Mpox by comparing the current situation to established pandemic criteria. This evaluation will consider factors that may facilitate or impede the virus's spread among populations. To bolster our findings, we have gathered data from reputable sources, including peer-reviewed studies, reports from health organizations, and case analyses. While interventions like isolation and ring vaccination have effectively managed localized outbreaks, several challenges remain. These challenges primarily stem from limitations in resource allocation, vaccine availability, and the complexities of international coordination during health emergencies. Furthermore, this review will identify gaps in our understanding and management of Mpox, which are essential for shaping future pandemic preparedness strategies. We will also present actionable recommendations to enhance our response to Mpox and similar infectious diseases. This review aspires to comprehensively understand Mpox's pandemic potential by thoroughly exploring these elements. Our findings are intended to serve as a valuable resource for public health professionals, policymakers, and researchers dedicated to improving global health security in the face of emerging infectious threats.

Wound infections by Gram-negative bacteria are a significant challenge for medical trials, in part because of antibiotic resistance and robust immune evasion mechanisms. Such infections often cause extended hospitalizations, increased healthcare costs, and high morbidity and mortality rates. Biofilms and endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria, contributing to chronic inflammation and delayed wound healing, further complicate their management. Most conventional therapeutic approaches, including broad-spectrum antibiotics and wound debridement, are often inadequate and thus represent a critical demand for novel and effective strategies. Eukaryotic extracellular vesicles (EVs), involving microvesicles and exosomes, have emerged as promising therapeutic tools because of their natural biocompatibility and multifunctional properties. EVs play a pivotal role in wound healing through mechanisms such as immune modulation, promotion of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, antimicrobial action, and the activation of paracrine signaling pathways. EVs offer a holistic approach to infections and tissue repair by delivering bioactive molecules such as cytokines, growth factors, miRNAs, and antimicrobial peptides. Their potential to disrupt bacterial biofilms, neutralize endotoxins, and stimulate regenerative processes positions them as transformative agents in addressing Gram-negative bacterial infections. This mini-review, therefore, discusses the therapeutic mechanisms and clinical implications of eukaryotic EVs in wound healing, with their promise to revolutionize infection management by reducing dependence on antibiotics.

Proton therapy (PT) is one of the latest advancements in the treatment modalities of cancers. PT is specifically used to treat HnN cancer patients due to its less toxic effects on the surrounding critical structures. Keeping in view the opportunities for further advancements, there has been quite a lot of literature covering PT in HnN cancer patients. However, there has not been a compiled study that compares the toxicities, overall survival (OS), local control (LC), and quality of life (QoL) of PT with that of IMRT. The objective of this review is to compile & summarize the literature available on the toxicities, OS, LC, and QoL in HnN cancer patients post-proton therapy.

Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a painful disorder that causes the shoulder joint to become very rigid. One kind is primary (idiopathic), while the other is secondary (caused by something else, such as trauma, surgery, or being immobile) that is related to inflammation. The incidence rates may be approximately 20% in people with diabetes, far greater than the general population frequency of 2-5%. Limitations in shoulder mobility are the result of an inflammatory process that starts within the joint capsule and progresses to fibrosis and adhesion development. When there are no significant radiological abnormalities and the patient experiences a gradual decrease in active and passive shoulder mobility, a clinical diagnosis is usually made. In most instances, the disease's symptoms will go away after a while, but in others, they may linger for years. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may aid in the diagnosis of more complicated situations. Treatment options include non-invasive methods such as physiotherapy, NSAIDs, and injections of steroid medication into the affected joint. Surgical procedures, including capsular release or manipulation while under anesthesia, may be necessary for more serious or long-lasting instances. Although adhesive capsulitis usually resolves on its own, untreated symptoms might cause impairment in the long run.

Hepatocellular carcinoma, represents one of the greatest burdens in the oncology domain, with a significant negative global health and mortality rates. Glycine max, a plant used for centuries in various traditional medicine approaches, has shown good anti-cancer potential. The main objective of study was to analyse the anti-cancer activity of nanoparticle of Glycine max . Nanoparticles were synthesized with Glycine max pods extract and a silver nitrate aqueous solution. Moreover, these are characterized via SEM-EDX, UV, XRD, and DLS analysis. Cell viability and cytotoxicity of bioinspired AgNPs was accessed using MTT as well as the trypan blue assay. Structural alterations of HepG2 cells were analysed by phase contrast microscope, showing significant results at a dose of 30 μg/ml. The upregulated expression of Annexin-V protein confirms that cell death occurred through apoptosis . Glycine max has demonstrated its capability to produce AgNPs with apoptotic activities in vitro, offering a promising and economical solution for potentially combating hepatocellular carcinoma.