نشریه دانش انتظامی آذربایجان غربی
پیاپی 61 (زمستان 1402)

This research article investigates the rights of the Bodily Injury Compensation Fund in recourse to the liable party. Understanding the extent of the insurer's obligations alone is insufficient to fully elucidate the scope of third-party liability insurance. In many instances, the legislator has assigned the responsibility of compensating damages entirely to the Bodily Injury Compensation Fund. In certain cases, the insurer, after compensating the damage, can seek reimbursement from the fund. These provisions highlight the importance and necessity of studying and understanding the extent of the obligations of the Bodily Injury Compensation Fund. Recognizing this necessity, the present study examines the dimensions and scope of the rights of the Bodily Injury Compensation Fund in recourse to the liable party under the 2016 Compulsory Third-Party Insurance Act. Additionally, the study analyzes the fund's legal and jurisprudential foundations, its purpose, and the rationale behind the legislator's decision to increase its obligation limits.

The present study aimed to investigate the causes and factors influencing students' inclination toward civil disobedience. The research design is descriptive-correlational in terms of methodology and fundamental in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of all female high school students (second level) in Urmia during the 2022-2023 academic year. A total of 322 students (both male and female) were selected through a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Media Literacy Questionnaire (Tammen, 1995), Internet Addiction Questionnaire (Ahmadi, 2016), the Dark Triad Personality Traits Questionnaire (Jonason & Webster, 2010), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (Garnefski, 2001). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software. At the descriptive level, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation matrix were used, while regression analysis was employed at the inferential level. The results indicated that dark personality traits, virtual space and internet use, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and media literacy significantly contribute to students' inclination toward civil disobedience.

Due to the severe impacts and adverse consequences of human trafficking, identifying the key causes and influential factors is essential for effective prevention and combating this crime in the future. The occurrence of human trafficking in various forms in West Azerbaijan Province, particularly in the counties of Khoy, Chaldoran, and Maku, poses one of the most significant challenges for provincial law enforcement and administrative authorities. This study is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature, utilizing both library-based documentation and field research (questionnaires and interviews). Data collection involved a researcher-designed questionnaire, developed based on library studies, existing research on the subject, and expert opinions. The questionnaire was structured using a Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The survey was distributed among a statistical population comprising elites and experts working in border security, county administrations, and academia. The study employed software such as SPSS and GIS for data analysis. The key factors contributing to human trafficking were categorized into five indices: natural, economic, social, cultural, and structural-institutional. After analyzing the collected questionnaires, the extent of each category's impact on human trafficking in the studied areas was determined, along with the most influential factors in each of the three counties. Among natural factors, the extensive length of border areas in these counties emerged as a significant contributor. In social factors, the proximity and connections of terrorist groups to these regions were notable. For economic factors, the large financial gains for traffickers were the most significant. The weakening of religious beliefs and values stood out as the most impactful cultural factor, while the absence of international councils and cooperative frameworks between countries was identified as the most critical structural-institutional issue. Based on the findings, recommendations were proposed to counter and combat human trafficking in the three counties effectively.

This study aimed to predict aggressive behaviors in self-harming men based on psychological flexibility and childhood trauma. The research utilized a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population included all self-harming men in West Azerbaijan Province in 2023, from which 190 participants were selected through convenience sampling. They completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (2003), the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (2016), and the Aggression Questionnaire by Buss and Perry (1992). Findings revealed a significant direct relationship between dimensions of psychological flexibility, childhood trauma, and aggressive behaviors. Psychological flexibility showed an effect size of 0.162, while childhood trauma had an effect size of 0.42 (P > 0.001). Additionally, childhood trauma and psychological flexibility collectively predicted aggressive behaviors in individuals with self-harming experiences with an effect size of 0.496 at the 0.001 level. In conclusion, this study highlights a meaningful relationship between childhood trauma, psychological flexibility, and aggressive behavior in men engaged in self-harming acts. These findings underscore the importance of early intervention and therapeutic approaches addressing both traumatic experiences and psychological well-being to prevent aggressive tendencies. Further research is recommended to explore contributing factors and interventions for a more comprehensive understanding and effective prevention of aggressive behaviors.

This study aimed to assess the attitudes of traffic police personnel in West Azerbaijan Province toward using oral addiction detection devices to identify drug use among drivers in the public transportation fleet. This descriptive-analytical study evaluated 70 traffic police personnel in 2023. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire, developed in consultation with experienced and relevant experts from the Traffic Police Department, and subsequently provided to the research team. Attitudes and the perceived necessity of using the oral addiction detection device were assessed using the questionnaire (reliability: 88%). Data analysis was performed using Stata software, version 18. Findings revealed that most traffic police personnel supported the use of oral addiction detection devices in their operations and expressed a positive attitude toward its application. Over 50% of the respondents indicated their willingness to implement the device, highlighting its necessity for traffic police operations. Additionally, analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference in scores among personnel across various service units (p = 0.016).

This study aims to investigate the role and contribution of governmental organizations in preventing and combating land grabbing in the city of Urmia. Using qualitative research techniques, particularly content analysis, the research develops a model by engaging experts and managers through interviews. The variables of the study are identified and analyzed during these interviews, which are categorized into codes derived from keywords, phrases, or paragraphs. The participating organizations include: 1) Urmia Housing and Urban Development Department, 2) Urmia Natural Resources Department, 3) Urmia Agriculture Jihad Organization, 4) Urmia Municipality, 5) Urmia Economic Security Police, 6) Faculty of Law at Urmia University, and 7) Urmia Official Experts Association of the Judiciary. The findings reveal that governmental organizations are implicated in land grabbing through practices such as unauthorized parceling, illegal acquisition, unauthorized occupation, and unregulated land-use changes. Key factors contributing to this phenomenon include economic drivers such as inflation, profit motives, high-income potential, rising land prices, poverty, and unemployment. Social factors, such as increasing delinquency over time and permanent migration, also exacerbate land grabbing in Urmia. The study concludes that governmental organizations play no significant role in preventing or combating land grabbing in Urmia. Their involvement is largely reactive, addressing disputes only after incidents of land grabbing occur. Furthermore, these organizations face numerous challenges and obstacles in fulfilling even these limited responsibilities.