نشریه مطالعات طراحی شهری ایران
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1403)

The creative city theory tries to describe a quality that makes the mental image of a city more beautiful for citizens. The purpose of presenting the concept of quality of life in this theory is to modify the evolution of urban development from the concept of quantitative growth to sustainable urban development. In fact, urban creativity as a strategic approach can affect the qualities of living in the city. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to present a strategy for realizing the idea of a creative city in urban neighborhoods and selecting the desired strategy. In order to achieve the research objective, the descriptive-analytical research method and the research methods of questionnaire, interview and observation were used. The statistical population of the research is all residents of Sang-e Siah neighborhood, which were equal to 6355 based on the study plan of the neighborhood zoning of Shiraz, and urban design experts. In the citizens group, a sample size of 363 people was selected by simple random selection using the Cochran formula, and in the experts group, 30 experts were selected. In this paper, the SWOT model and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) were used to analyze the data and prioritize the strategies. Based on the results obtained from the SWOT model, the position of the creative city indicators in the functional-spatial dimension in the studied neighborhood is in a competitive position, considering all the factors obtained. The results obtained from the QSPM show that among the five important strategies, the strategy of strengthening local green spaces in order to increase the presence of people and strengthen social interactions among residents is recognized as the best strategy with the highest score.

During the evolution of the urban regeneration approach, attention to social participation has led to formation of community-Led urban regeneration. Social participation can improve social capital, sense of place and responsibility to the place, through community-Led urban regeneration process. As the art of qualifying public spaces, its activities’ platform is urban environment and space, given the social, ethnic and historical features of citizens and structural and physical requirements, urban design tends to make the urban space more at the service of the people and in this regard, in addition to the welfare of citizens, meet their emotional and psychological needs. Urban design focused on making places for people and the process of creating a better place for people. The main emphasis in urban design issues such as creating a place of interdisciplinary, public areas, group activities, interactive creation and social justice and civil participation. needs of public participation in improvement of cities status is not unknown. Based on the views of the theorists, social participation can also create social sustainability. Since the sufficient skills and knowledge are needed to take apart in decision making process with the aim of social participation in local development projects and urban spaces designing, it seems that the lack of educating and training required was due to failure social participation during urban regeneration projects. Due to the nature of this approach and intervention platform, the position of education must be clarified in this process. There are many instruments to use during this intervention, but the rule of education is not clarified in this process, yet. Disregarding for the role of residents who live in urban neighbors is the most important reason of failure to implement urban space design development projects with high quality in Iran. It is the result of lack of planning to attract participation neither teaching them, not to learn all people with the aim transferring experiences and to make appropriate methods to paradigm shift in the participants, on the other hand there are not enough awareness and expertise in the urban manager groups and the administrative experts. In addition, it is necessary to produce conceptual framework for educating, training and learning citizens based on creed, native culture and identity of Islamic-Iranian society. This study includes specifying the position of social education during common participation attraction process and also making clear the theoretical and philosophical basis of Islamic Ideology about social education with emphasized on the role of community and participation concept in the procedure of urban designing. Gathering data has been done with questionnaire, interview, and field study. This study is applied research and done with descriptive and analytical methods. The results show there is a significant positive relationship between social education and sustainable urban regeneration. It is therefore suggested that educating residents will be set as the target of sustainable urban regeneration plans as a pivotal element of urban designing and making decision. Finally, the results of study representative that based on Islamic realistic philosophy, the paradigm is educating and training from society and for society are the main purpose. The conclusion shows that educating and training to society have no expected results. The values of this society have been specified based on anthropology. With the aim of explaining the relationship between education-training and urban regeneration and also defining its role and position in the community-led urban regeneration process, in this study by using qualitative analysis and content analysis method, theories have been reviewed to compose the community-led urban regeneration through training. The results of study contain investigating the participatory approach as a designing paradigm will lead to the success of urban regeneration projects and there is an important issue that social training and social educating are not only instruments to achieve urban regeneration objectives but those should be considered as executables to attract citizen’s participation. In addition, the training and educating will be assumed as means to achieve enabling, empowering, capacity building and institutionalization for urban projects beneficiaries. In this study the theories are divided into two categories based on their nature. The first one contains the viewpoints about the relation between education and participation in common. And the other on contains the theories that includes philosophy of education in Islamic-Realism. According on research findings it is obvious that over the past decade, along with changing the view of environmental sustainability to social sustainability, education and training are implemented to building capacity and social empowerment with aim to increase social capacity. These all lead to increase social participation and common abilities to take apart in local development and urban space designing. The citizens who are educated and trained enough, are ready to participate in decision making, designing and implementation of urban regeneration projects. Finally, community-led urban regeneration can happen with the building capacity through education and training continuously. Likewise, in order to Islamic thought’s nature about social education and training and social behaviors in the community, defining the aims, principles, methods and contents of social education and training affected Islamic thought organize the main purposes of this study. The method of this research as its purpose is decisive and based on its social science nature is descriptive. With the purpose to define attribute of social education and training affected Islamic theology, two viewpoints are compared: Islamic Realistic philosophy and its Etebariat theory versus some theories about participation in urbanism and urban planning those have been based on social education and training. There are hierarchical aims based on Islamic philosophy and in accordance with these goals, the characteristics of education to the community have been explained. In general, despite the differences in the titles used to explain the theoretical and philosophical foundations of each of the two views there are similarities in the general orientation of explaining the role of education and training to the community to strengthen social responsibility and participation in both perspectives. As a final conclusion, it should be said that conscious participate urban design requires education, which should be explained in the context of the Islamic worldview and the principles of education in Islam. Based on case study surveying it revealed the education and training can improve the achievements and participation goals. During the implementation of this project tradesman refused to participate at the first, then, after some negotiation and explanation about the probable rewards and especially receiving their opinions about the priorities in infrastructure, space design, urban furniture, planting, facades, shades and materials for pedestrian flooring, they decided to be a part of this project.

Sustainable tourism, relying on the concept of sustainable development, wants the tourism industry to have the least impact on the host society and the environment while being economically profitable. In the 21st century, the advancement of technology makes human time freer and have more time. For this reason, this century has been called the century of the tourism industry. Due to the technological, cultural, political, social and economic infrastructures created in the 21st century, the phenomenon of tourism will be an inevitable reality in human behavior and action to satisfy his curious spirit. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the tourism situation of Shiraz city based on sustainability components. The method used was descriptive-analytical. The social, economic and environmental dimensions were analyzed by the indicators of each with the T-Tech model. The results of the analyzes for each component were in a positive direction for the metropolis of Shiraz.Sustainable tourism, relying on the concept of sustainable development, wants the tourism industry to have the least impact on the host society and the environment while being economically profitable. In the 21st century, the advancement of technology makes human time freer and have more time. For this reason, this century has been called the century of the tourism industry. Due to the technological, cultural, political, social and economic infrastructures created in the 21st century, the phenomenon of tourism will be an inevitable reality in human behavior and action to satisfy his curious spirit. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the tourism situation of Shiraz city based on sustainability components. The method used was descriptive-analytical. The social, economic and environmental dimensions were analyzed by the indicators of each with the T-Tech model. The results of the analyzes for each component were in a positive direction for the metropolis of Shiraz.

The article explains the concept of aging in place, which refers to the ability of older adults to remain in their homes and familiar neighborhoods. This approach is based on the idea that by maintaining social interactions and physical activities, older adults can continue living in familiar environments where their physical, social, and psychological needs are met. The article examines the impact of the growing elderly population globally, and particularly in Iran. According to global statistics, the elderly population will increase significantly in the coming decades, highlighting the need for new policies and urban planning in areas such as infrastructure and services. Many elderly individuals, especially, face challenges such as access to healthcare services and the need for housing adaptation.Using data retrieved from the Scopus database, refined and modeled in VOSviewer software, it was found that in developed countries, aging in place has been introduced as one of the main solutions to address these challenges. This approach emphasizes the importance of social participation for the elderly, the creation of safe environments, and easy access to services. Elder-friendly urban environments not only help improve their quality of life but also prevent isolation and psychological problems. The article also discusses the challenges faced by developing countries, including Iran, and underscores the importance of increasing attention to this issue in urban and social policies. Research in this area shows that leading countries such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom have produced the most studies and articles on aging in place, while other countries, like Iran, have paid less attention to this subject. Overall, the concept of aging in place, with an emphasis on the physical environment, social connections, and active participation of the elderly in society, has been proposed as a sustainable solution to improving the quality of life for the elderly.

New cities, as part of the urban development process in Iran, face multiple challenges, including a lack of identity and a sense of belonging among residents. The new city of Sadra, as an example of these cities, requires approaches that can strengthen its physical and cultural identity. In this context, branding, as an effective strategy in urban design, can help create a distinct and attractive identity for this city. This article examines and presents urban design strategies aimed at branding, which will assist in enhancing the physical identity of the new city of Sadra. Considering the social, cultural, and economic needs of this city, efforts will be made to identify existing challenges and opportunities and to propose practical solutions for improving its physical identity. This research is of an applied nature and has been conducted through a combination of field methods and library studies. In the field section, data have been collected through direct observation of public spaces and interviews with residents and specialists. Additionally, using SWOT analysis, the existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats have been identified, and actionable strategies for enhancing the physical identity of the city are presented. The significance of this topic lies in the fact that through branding and strengthening physical identity, it is possible to enhance residents' sense of belonging and commitment to the city and improve their quality of life. This research can assist responsible entities in sustainable development and identity enhancement of urban spaces, providing solutions to the existing challenges in this area.

Today, cities worldwide face a complex array of economic, social, and environmental challenges, which profoundly impact urban vitality, diminishing the quality of life and vibrancy in many urban areas. Issues such as economic instability, social fragmentation, environmental degradation, and rising demands for sustainable infrastructure place mounting pressure on urban environments and residents alike. Within this challenging landscape, urban spaces play an essential role as hubs for social interaction and community life, providing a foundation for civic engagement, cultural exchange, and economic activity. For these spaces to truly thrive, they must cultivate a dynamic, accessible, and welcoming atmosphere that accommodates the diverse needs of residents and visitors.A crucial strategy in achieving this urban vitality is through the support of vibrant nighttime activities, which add a distinct layer of appeal to urban spaces, transforming them into lively destinations and integral aspects of a city’s identity. Nighttime activities encourage people to engage with public spaces beyond standard business hours, boosting foot traffic, fostering social interaction, and invigorating the local economy. Activities such as dining, entertainment, cultural events, and public performances not only generate economic momentum but also strengthen the sense of belonging and security among residents and visitors.In response to these needs, cities are increasingly shifting their focus to a range of consumer and recreational activities that contribute to the revitalization of urban centers, attracting dynamic visitors and investment while also retaining middle and upper social classes. Nightlife, in particular, enables access to an array of urban services and activities throughout the night, creating a continuity of urban life that extends well beyond the daytime. This continuity is instrumental in sustaining the energy and vibrancy of urban spaces, reinforcing their role as thriving community centers.Theorists who emphasize the importance of nightlife identify three principal components—physical form, function, and meaning—as core elements of successful urban spaces. These components are essential in structuring nighttime urban life, shaping spaces that are not only appealing but also supportive of sustainable city growth. In fostering these three elements, cities can enhance their social, economic, and environmental development, advancing a holistic approach to urban sustainability.Consequently, planning for nighttime life has become a fundamental aspect of urban policy, with a strong emphasis on creating safe, accessible, and enjoyable environments after dark. Effective nighttime planning considers the need for supportive infrastructure, safety measures, and lively programming, crafting an inclusive setting that promotes both social and economic engagement. As such, initiatives for nighttime urban life are increasingly integrated into broader urban policies, aiming not only to boost economic activity but also to establish a resilient, inclusive, and interconnected urban landscape that celebrates community identity and collective experiences. This approach to nighttime urban life marks a pivotal step toward revitalizing local economies and promoting sustainable, long-term development.In this context, enhancing nighttime life and urban space vitality is crucial for improving quality of life across environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Achieving this enhancement without sustainable development considerations would lead to undesirable outcomes. Therefore, this study identifies physical-land use and social dimensions as two foundational and direct factors shaping nighttime vitality in urban spaces. These dimensions were selected due to their immediate and measurable impacts on the quality and dynamism of urban environments.The primary objective of this research is to provide a more precise and practical analysis of the role of physical and social factors in sustainable development and the improvement of urban nighttime life. These dimensions directly influence the quality and vibrancy of urban spaces, making them critical to the study’s purpose. The historical Nasar neighborhood in Semnan has been selected as the case study for this research.Through a comprehensive review of literature and relevant studies, this research identified 14 key indicators in the physical-land use and social dimensions. For the physical-land use dimension, the indicators include retail spaces, recreational and rest facilities, nighttime employment, public parks, theaters and cinemas, cafes and restaurants, legibility, scale and quantity of public spaces, and safety (absence of obstacles, appropriate slopes, etc.). In the social dimension, indicators such as security, social interactions, street music, cultural events and festivals, and street vending were identified.Data for this study were collected using a structured questionnaire targeting domain experts, with a purposive sample of 21 respondents. To analyze the data, structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) was applied using the MICMAC software. ISM was particularly chosen for its ability to assess and rank relationships among the indicators, as well as to demonstrate both the impact and susceptibility levels of each indicator. In this regard, this study employed ISM to rank and measure the influence and sensitivity of indicators related to urban vitality and nighttime activity.The study results reveal six identifiable categories on the dispersion map: influential factors, risks, objectives, impacts, direct influences, and regulatory factors. Among these, amenities and recreational-use spaces, along with public parks, are recognized as risk indicators within the selected area. These indicators possess a high potential to become key factors in fostering nighttime vitality and spatial vibrancy within the Nasar neighborhood of Semnan. Given their considerable flexibility and potential impact, these elements require precise and strategic management. If not effectively guided, these factors could pose challenges that detract from the quality of urban life. Therefore, policymakers should focus carefully on these indicators to fully leverage their potential.The target indicators, including nighttime employment, safety, restaurants and cafés, and social interactions, have been identified as key determinants of nighttime vibrancy within the study area. These indicators are far more receptive to external changes than they are influential themselves. This insight highlights that effective management of these variables can be instrumental in achieving sustainable development goals. Strengthening these indicators can contribute not only to enhancing nighttime vitality but also align with sustainability objectives. Additionally, the indicators for cinemas, along with the scale and quantity of public spaces, demonstrate the highest levels of influence with minimal receptivity to external changes. These indicators, given their systemic impact, have been classified as the primary influential factors in the urban landscape.The indicators for retail, street music, and street vending show high receptivity to external influences but exert relatively low influence themselves. These activities are significantly affected by other urban factors, indicating that their improvement and vibrancy in the context of nighttime life are contingent on strengthening other key indicators. Consequently, prioritizing safety and enhancing public spaces could improve these variables and thereby enhance the quality of nighttime urban life. Finally, safety and legibility indicators have been identified as independent variables with low levels of influence and receptivity. While this finding contrasts with certain other studies that consider these indicators as primary factors, the current research suggests that in this specific area, they function as secondary elements and warrant further investigation.In comparing the vitality and nighttime life indicators for the Nasar neighborhood based on influence and receptivity, it is evident that recreational land use, safety, the scale and quantity of public spaces, nighttime employment, public parks, social interactions, and cultural events have the highest levels of influence. Meanwhile, indicators such as safety, cafes and restaurants, recreational land use, nighttime employment, social interactions, and street vending are the most receptive to external factors.

This study examines the role of cultural and historical corridors in enhancing urban social life at night, with a focus on Enghelab Street in Tehran. Urban design has historically prioritized daytime activities, often neglecting the unique spatial and psychological needs of nighttime environments. This research explores how mental imagery of urban spaces differs between day and night, highlighting the role of key urban elements such as paths, nodes, edges, landmarks, and districts.Using surveys, interviews, and mental mapping techniques with 150 participants, the study identifies significant contrasts in citizens’ perceptions. While landmarks like the University of Tehran and City Theater strongly influence mental images during the day, their impact diminishes at night due to inadequate lighting, reduced social activity, and safety concerns. The findings underscore the critical role of lighting design, vibrant activities, and safety measures in creating engaging and inclusive nighttime spaces.Recommendations include dynamic lighting to enhance visibility and emphasize landmarks, introducing diverse cultural and recreational activities, and improving public safety through visible surveillance and active foot traffic. Additionally, leveraging the cultural and historical identity of Enghelab Street can foster collective memory and create a meaningful nighttime environment.This research offers actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, demonstrating how cultural corridors can simultaneously preserve their historical significance and adapt to contemporary social needs, setting a benchmark for nighttime urban design in Tehran and beyond.

The present study aims to examine the spatial quality of the historical-touristic area of Beyn Ol-haramein in Shiraz, with the goal of developing urban design strategies for restoring its place identity. This area, with a rich history of religious, cultural, and historical values, has faced identity erosion and a decline in spatial quality due to uncontrolled investments and excessive destruction. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on quantitative data. In this context, various indicators are evaluated in terms of physical, semantic, and socio - cultural dimensions to prioritize issues and propose solutions for improving spatial quality and preserving the place identity of the area. Data collection was carried out through library studies and questionnaires, using random sampling. To assess the indicators, 40 urban experts and university professors were consulted, and for data analysis, the Swara and Friedman tests were employed. The results show that among the indicators examined, accessibility, sewage disposal, and aesthetic values play the most significant roles in enhancing the spatial quality and place identity of the area. From a theoretical perspective, this study provides a deeper understanding of the concept of place identity and clarifies its role in urban design. Practically, it can serve as a model for urban planning focused on improving the quality and identity of historical spaces. Ultimately, the research suggests that a coordinated approach to improving the physical-environmental dimensions — particularly their associated indicators — can not only aid in restoring the place identity of Beyn Ol- haramein but also increase citizen satisfaction and attract tourists to the area. Attention to this approach in urban policy - making and planning for the preservation of the identity and vitality of historical spaces is essential. Accordingly, Accordingly, solutions within the urban design framework are proposed to improve this area from an urban design perspective.

The population of the world's cities is increasing with an unpredictable trend, and this has caused the urban public spaces to lose their quality in the social, cultural, physical, environmental, etc. fields, at the cost of increasing industrialization along with the improvement of economic conditions. Following the decrease in quality, instead of being present in urban public spaces, citizens choose social media to create and cultivate communication, or pass through urban environments just to be forced to attend, which will lead to irreparable consequences. In this regard, the upcoming research intends to introduce urban design functions that are effective on urban form elements and prioritize them in order to increase the sociability of public spaces. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and its method is descriptive-analytical and it was done with a quantitative-qualitative approach. The method of collecting library and field information was chosen and the findings were obtained using a researcher-made questionnaire and interview. The results of the t-test indicated that currently, the average weekly attendance of citizens with a number of 2.71 is lower than the average, and indicated that we need to improve the conditions governing public spaces. Also, this test showed that the citizens chose the indicators of type of access, traffic and quality of sidewalks as the most important factors of their presence in public spaces. The results of the Pearson correlation test indicated that the sites with a correlation of 0.612 and a beta of 0.287 obtained from the regression test have the highest correlation and prediction to increase the sociability of urban public spaces. According to the obtained results, a summary of the suggestions of this research in order to improve the prevailing conditions includes; Improving public transportation networks, improving the quality of sidewalks, increasing the greenness of the environment, using trees in accordance with the weather conditions of the region, facades of buildings according to the culture of each city, creating movable shades and other factors.

Urban design, considering social, economic, and environmental needs, organizes urban spaces in a way that both meets the needs of citizens and enhances social interactions and quality of life. This process, focused on sustainability and efficiency, creates environmentally friendly and economically beneficial spaces that strengthen residents' sense of belonging and improve the living environment. Good urban design enhances the quality of urban spaces and, ultimately, the quality of urban life by emphasizing aspects such as accessibility, safety, and social connectivity. In this process, combining analytical methods with various stages of design aids in idea development and continuous assessment, increasing the likelihood of project success. This study examines the application of space syntax on Queen Street in the central trade district of Oakland City to answer the question: "How would the urban space quality of this street be evaluated using space syntax, and what challenges might arise in this evaluation?" Space syntax theory, which analyzes spatial layouts and their impact on human behavior, provides a tool for assessing connectivity, accessibility, and the integrity of pathways within the urban network. This tool is particularly valuable for understanding how spatial configurations influence social behavior. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research incorporated both quantitative and qualitative data; quantitative data was analyzed through DepthMap software, while qualitative data was collected to understand Queen Street’s role in the social and cultural context. The findings show that Queen Street benefits from adequate connectivity within the urban network and, as a key route, supports pedestrian activity and vibrancy in the central trade area. However, improvements such as enhancing pedestrian safety and optimizing traffic flow could further increase the street’s functionality. Analyzing Queen Street with space syntax revealed several challenges, including the complexity of data analysis and the subjective interpretations that may influence results. Additionally, temporal factors and cultural sensitivity are necessary to ensure that design recommendations align with local values. This study concludes that space syntax is a useful tool in evaluating urban space quality; however, ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration and integrating these analyses with qualitative insights can provide a more comprehensive understanding of urban spaces, fostering environments that are more sustainable and aligned with community needs.

Community-led urban regeneration requires the cooperation of neighborhood communities and reaching a collective agreement, and the more the role of people and local communities in such projects increases, the more it helps to improve the quality of life and citizen satisfaction. The current research was conducted to identify and analyze the indicators of community-oriented urban regeneration in urban design in the Kon neighborhood of Tehran with the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. Information collection has been done in two ways: identifying and compiling effective social indicators in the process of urban regeneration in related researches and answering the questionnaire of ten elite experts related to the research. Experts' opinions and the final interpretative structural model show a strong multifaceted relationship between the indicators of community-oriented urban regeneration and that all the examined indicators are in the same direction and towards the common goals of community-oriented urban regeneration. , and there is a need for an integrated and comprehensive approach to urban design.

Understanding and achieving a deeper perception of urban environments as components of a city's structure in adaptation to psychological effects can create urban spaces with desirable environmental quality and citizens' mental health. A deep look at the studies conducted by conducting a systematic review will largely consolidate the domestic literature in this field and clarify its continuation. This study aims to review domestic-related research in terms of urban environments and mental health based on the systematic review method and quantitative and qualitative content analysis. After reviewing the research in scientific databases related to urban studies and eliminating and monitoring articles through the PRISMA process, 43 studies were selected, and their content has been reviewed and analyzed in terms of time, journal, study origin, type of scale of the study space, research method and approach, keywords, focus of study objectives, and research findings. The results show that; Over time, concerns about mental health in urban environments have increased, and the weakness of using repetitive methods and tools in domestic research is evident; therefore, the combined application of quantitative-qualitative approaches can lead to more efficient results in subject literature. Qualitative findings also indicate that the objectives of the selected studies are mainly focused on the study category of environmental dimensions and quality, urban green landscape, and physical-spatial components concerning mental health. The mental health of individuals is affected by two environmental aspects (Physical, Social, Functional, Perceptual-Visual, Ecological, Access, Safety and Security, and Economic dimensions) and the individual. Among them, the perceptual-visual dimension has the greatest diversity of indicators after the individual component in the research. After these two dimensions, the Physical, Social, Functional, and Ecological dimensions were placed, and the Accessibility, Safety, Security, and Economic dimensions were used in the final positions, respectively, due to the multitude of indicators.