مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال سی‌ام شماره 4 (پیاپی 112، زمستان 1403)

Determining financial competency is too important to prevent abuse and defraud of people with cognitive impairment, especially the elderly. However, despite the critical role of this subject, there is relatively little scientific literature and conceptual guidance on this issue, especially in the field of how to assess in clinical and forensic settings for physicians and legal professionals. Although steps have been taken in formulating guidelines for assessing financial competency, there are still no approved and consensus-based practical standards for assessment. The purpose of this research is to review the studies that have been done regarding the methods of evaluating financial competency, so that after summarizing, if possible, the existing knowledge can be used the determine the financial competency in the legal medicine organization. Investigations showed that none of the observational, psychometric, clinical interview, and neuropsychological test methods alone are not sufficient to judge a person's financial incapability and should be used in combination.

With the increase of abortion and its adverse effects in most parts of the world on the lives of innocent people who are unable to defend themselves, as well as its adverse effects on the population, prevention of abortion is more important in different societies, including Iran. In general, the two main methods of abortion in the world can be considered more common, which are medical and physical abortion, which are used based on the length of the pregnancy period. One of the most important issues in the discussion of abortion drugs is the determination and measurement of the dosage of the drugs available in the market (drug fraud) and also the criminological discussion of the use of these drugs. First, a comprehensive introduction of all types of abortion drugs and then introduction of its structure and physicochemical properties have been done. Instrumental methods for qualitative and quantitative tracking and measurement of these drugs have been introduced, and at the same time, the criminological issues of supply and consumption of abortion drugs have been discussed. Chromatographic methods are one of the most important instrumental methods for analyzing abortion drugs. Also, due to the complex texture of abortion drugs, new micro and nano extraction methods with high precision are used to purify and increase the precision and accuracy of the measurement method. Tracking abortion drugs is one of the most important issues in the world today, and there are various methods of device analysis for this tracking, and the use of such accurate methods makes the criminological issues related to this issue clear.

Due to neurosurgery's clinical and practical nature, this study aimed to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of e-learning for neurosurgery residents.

This cross-sectional observational study, conducted in 2022, included 125 neurosurgery residents selected through census sampling from six medical universities in Iran: Isfahan, Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Mazandaran. Data were collected using Tashkandi’s (2021) standardized questionnaire, focusing on four variables associated with e-learning.

The results demonstrated that residents were familiar with e-learning tools, including mobile-based learning, hyperlinks, online classes, discussion boards, e-assessments, electronic resources, and problem-based learning. Approximately 77.2% of participants reported sufficient knowledge acquisition through mobile-based learning, while 60% described their engagement in e-learning as moderate. A total of 97 residents (77.6%) preferred in-person learning over e-learning.

To improve the integration of e-learning in neurosurgery education, significant enhancements to information infrastructure, bandwidth, and technology are required. Furthermore, educational software should be tailored to individual specialties, incorporating expert recommendations, detailed specialty-specific content, and advanced simulations.

 Recent research indicates that the prevalence of mental disorders among murder perpetrators is significantly higher than in the general population. This study aims to determine the frequency of major mental disorders among individuals who murdered with discernment compared to those who did so without discernment.

 This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study examined murder prisoners referred to the Forensic Medicine Department of Isfahan Province from 2012 to 2022. criminal and clinical records and psychological and psychiatric evaluations were reviewed and completed a necessary checklist for data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, employing chi-square tests at a significance level of 0.05.

 A total of 83 cases were analyzed, revealing that 61.45% of the perpetrators exhibited discernment at the time of the murder, while 38.55% were assessed as having severe mental disorders. The overall frequency of major mental disorders among the studied group was 73.49%. The most prevalent disorders identified included bipolar disorder, delirium disorder, schizophrenia, and psychosis. There was a significant relationship between the absence of discernment during the commission of murder and the determination of criminal responsibility (P<0.05).

 The findings suggest that serious mental disorders are present among perpetrators with discernment abilities. While some mental disorders share similarities with the legal concept of insanity, none fully align with this definition. To mitigate the occurrence of murders, it is crucial to make informed decisions regarding the criminal responsibility of murderers based on insights from psychologists and psychiatrists.

Any dentist who does not follow the principles may become malpractice and face the law. Investigating dental complaints, while clarifying the current situation, increases the knowledge of dentists and dental students and reduces treatment errors.

A checklist was prepared by the researcher, in which the age, gender and degree of the dentist, the year of filing the case, the location of the service, the type of treatment performed, the type of dental malpractice, and the final judgment of the case were included and the information of the files belonging to the years 2013 to 2022 was entered.

The average age of dentists was 37.23±8.32. In most cases, there were male dentists (77.8%), with a general degree (85.2%) and with 0-5 years of work experience (25%). Malpractice was confirmed in 65.7% of the cases. In 70.4% of the cases, it was presented in the personal office of the service. Surgical, prosthetic and endo procedures with 29.6%, 22.2% and 20.4% had the highest number of complaints, respectively, and the most inferred failure was improper veneer with 28.16%. The average age of the patients was 41.09±13.51 and most of them were women (56.6%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the age of the dentist and the result of the case (P<0.001) and between the work experience of the dentist and the result of the case (P<0.001).

Despite the advances in dental science, complaints against dentists and the number of proofs of dental malpractice are on the rise. The amount of dental malpractice and complaints should be reduced so that both the dentist and the patient are more satisfied.

The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among dental clients requires sufficient knowledge in this regard. For this purpose, we aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the awareness of cardiovascular diseases among final year dental students.

After designing 38 questions, four areas were identified and to determine the validity, 7 specialists from the departments of Community Oral Health (2 people), Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (2 people), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2 people) and Cardiologist (n=1) evaluated the validity indicators and then to measure the reliability. The final form was distributed among 24 senior year dental students two weeks apart using the test-retest method and kappa statistics were calculated.

To determine the total validity of the instrument, the S-CVI value of the general agreement approach was 94.73% and in the mean approach was 87.84%. Also, the I-CVI values ​​of each question were above 0.70. Finally, out of the first 38 questions, 4 questions were removed due to lack of simplicity and the kappa coefficient of the remaining 34 questions, except for three questions, was obtained above 0.61, the middle of the total kappa coefficient was equal to 0.77.

With regard to desirable validity and reliability indices, it seems that this questionnaire is a useful tool to assess the awareness of dental students about cardiovascular diseases.