مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 5 (پیاپی 120، آذر و دی 1403)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, which is associated with progressive loss of memory and reaction to the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training with sumac intake on the serum levels of SIR3, SIR4 and AMPK in Alzheimer's male rats.

In this experimental study, male Wistar rats with an age of 8-10 weeks and an average weight of 230±30 grams were randomly divided into five groups: control, Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease with sumac supplementation, Alzheimer's disease with resistance training, and Alzheimer's disease with resistance training. Received sumac supplements were divided. To induce Alzheimer's disease, 8 mg/kg of trimethyl tin chloride along with 200 microliters of normal saline were injected intraperitoneally to mice. Resistance training was performed for 12 weeks and 5 days a week on a special rat ladder. 48 hours after the last training session, a blood sample was taken. Serum levels of SIR3, SIR4 and AMPK were evaluated by ELISA method. To check the changes between the control group and other groups using the independent T-test and to check the difference between the other groups using the one-way analysis of variance test and if significant, using the Tukey post hoc test, by SPSS version 29 software at a significance level of P< 0.05 used.

The results of this research showed that 12 weeks of resistance training increases the levels of SIR3 (P< 0.036), SIR4 (P< 0.029) and AMPK (P< 0.447) compared to the Alzheimer group. In addition, adding sumac to the resistance training program had a significant effect on the levels of SIR3 (P< 0.078), SIR4 (P< 0.024) and AMPK (P< 0.002).

Our results suggest that resistance training is associated with the improvement of sirtuin 3, sirtuin 4 and adenosine monophosphate kinase levels in Alzheimer's rats and receiving sumac antioxidant compound leads to doubling of these responses.

Dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells causes a decrease in insulin and an increase in serum glucose, resulting in diabetes. Diabetes has caused dysfunction by damaging various organs, including tissues that are at risk of diabetes. So we've looked at the effect of Vicia sativa on skin wounds caused by high blood sugar.

In this study, 48 male mouse heads of the wistar breed with a weight range of 220 to 250 grams were divided into 4 control groups, Shem, experimental one (diabetic group+ oserin), experimental two(diabetic+ V. sativa). At the same time as the mice became diabetic with a dose of 50 mg/kg streptosotocin, the rest of the groups received the citrate buffer intra-peritoneal. After the rats were unconscious with the anesthetic and their back hair was shaved in the 3 cm long test groups on the left side of the spine, and the treated groups were treated with 14 days of MG/kg200 dose of mascara extract on the wounds. The wound healing process was examined macroscopically and microscopically on days 7 and 14.

The wound of diabetic groups treated with streptozocin showed a later repair compared to the control group, and the wound healing was faster in experimental groups treated with alcoholic extract of the mascara than in the control group.

The results indicated that the alcoholic extract of the mascara accelerated the healing of skin wounds of healthy and diabetic samples.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and a complex disorder with several micro and macro vascular complications in different parts of the body, which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. On the other hand, endurance training seems to prevent the development of cardiac fibrosis in diabetes by reducing fasting glucose levels and increasing antioxidant indices.

24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control (NC, n=8), diabetes control (DC, n=8) and exercise diabetes (DT, n=8) after familiarization with the laboratory environment. Diabetes was induced to diabetic animals through streptozotocin injection. Training groups, performed 8 weeks of intermittent endurance training on a treadmill. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining were used to check the level of fibrosis and cell disorder. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry. Also, total serum antioxidants were measured by FRAP method.

Compared to the diabetic control group, rats in the training group showed a decrease in fibrosis, fasting glucose, and also a decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol (P<0.05).

Based on the results, it seems that Endurance training in diabetic Rats prevents the development of cardiac fibrosis caused by diabetes by reducing fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and increasing total antioxidants. However, more studies are needed.

The beneficial effects of saffron extract and resistance training on the improvement of some diabetes indices have been determined, but their combined effect on BDNF protein levels in rats with type 2 diabetes has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of saffron extract consumption during resistance training on BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this experimental study, 30 adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes-resistance training (DT), diabetes-saffron extract (DS) and diabetes-saffron extract- resistance training (DTS). Resistance training performed five sessions/w for six weeks. Blood glucose levels and hippocampus BDNF protein levels were measured. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA was used at the significance level of P< 0.05.

Blood glucose levels of all experimental groups were significantly higher than C group (P= 0.001). Blood glucose levels in DT, DS and DTS groups were significantly lower than D group (P= 0.001). Also, the blood glucose levels of the DTS group were significantly lower than that of the DT group (P= 0.014). In addition, BDNF protein levels of all experimental groups were significantly lower than group C (P< 0.05). Also, BDNF protein levels of D, DT and DS groups were significantly lower than DTS group (P< 0.05). However, BDNF protein levels of D, DT and DS groups were not significantly different (P< 0.05).

Performing resistance training also consuming saffron extract alone and during resistance training reduces blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. However, consumption of saffron extract could increase BDNF protein levels only during resistance training. Therefore, for more efficiency, it is suggested to consume saffron extract during resistance training.

Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism, and its dysregulation is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the effect of moderate intensity interval training (MIIT) on the total and phosphorylated content of AMPKα1/2 protein in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 12 two-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams were selected. Diabetes was induced to rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution (with a dose of 65 mg per kg of body weight). These rats were randomly divided into two groups, diabetic training and diabetic control; The training group performed MIIT for 6 weeks at an intensity equal to 55-75% of maximum speed. Data analysis was done through independent t-test in GraphPad Prism version 10 software. The significance level of the current research is P≤ 0.05.

Total intracellular content of AMPKα1/2 protein did not show significant changes in the training group compared to the control group in the soleus skeletal muscle (P= 0.96). In contrast, the phosphorylated intracellular content (P= 0.0001) and the ratio of phosphorylated to total form (P= 0.002) of AMPKα1/2 protein showed a significant increase.

MIIT increased the protein content of AMPKα1/2 in soleus muscle tissue of diabetic rats, and this could lead to increased energy production and consumption and improved glucose levels in diabetic subjects.

Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Kinase (AMPKα1/2), Moderate Intensity Interval Training, Soleus Muscle, Diabetes

Understanding adipogenesis, the process of adipocyte development, may provide new insights to treat type II diabetes and related metabolic diseases. The present study investigates the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training and L-carnitine supplementation on Wnt10b protein expression related to visceral adipose tissue adipogenesis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in larg rats.

In an experimental clinical-intervention study, 50 large laboratory mice were divided into 5 equal groups of control (C), diabetic (D), supplemental diabetic (D + LC), diabetic with exercise (D + T), supplemental diabetic with exercise (D + LC + T). The training program consisted of three times a week for 30 minutes on a treadmill at a speed of 15 meters per minute. Five days a week, 30 mg/kg of L-carnitine was given through drinking water. Expression of Wnt10b protein at visceral fat was measured by western blot method. Data analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significant level (P< 0.05).

The results showed that the expression of Wnt10b protein, the Lipolysis inhibitory protein, in both (D+LC+T) groups and (D+T) decreased significantly (P< 0.001).

According to the results, it seems that MICT exercise with L-carnitine supplement and alone is more effective in decreasing the expression of protein associated with adipogenesis in visceral fat. However, a clear statement requires further research in this area.

Exercise interventions can play an important role in improving metabolic status by regulating hepotokines. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Jump Rope Interval Training on serum levels of Fetuin-A and insulin resistance in overweight and obese young men.

In this semi-experimental study, 26 overweight and obese young men (body mass index: 28.24±1.66) were voluntarily and purposefully selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into two experimental (n= 13) and control (n= 13) groups. The participants of the experimental group performed Jump Rope Interval Training for 8 weeks (four sessions per week/40 minutes each session). At the beginning and end of the study, venous blood samples were collected to measure Fetuin-A and insulin resistance. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 24 and with dependent and independent t-tests at a significance level of less than 0.05.

After 8 weeks of Jump Rope Interval Training, a significant decrease was observed in serum levels of Fetuin-A, insulin resistance and, body fat percentage (P≤ 0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in serum levels of Fetuin-A, insulin resistance and, body fat percentage (P≤ 0.05).

According to the results of the present study, it seems that regular jump rope interval training for eight weeks can effectively improve the metabolic complications in overweight and obese young men by reducing the serum levels of hepotokine Fetuin-A.

Despite advances in diabetes-related treatments, the effects of the disease have not yet been adequately reversed or prevented in patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective medication-assisted treatments in this field.

In this study, type 1 diabetes mice models was established using multiple low-dose alloxan, and the diabetic mice were treated with three doses of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) i.e low, medium, and high viz. 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively for a period of 21 days. Then, specific test were done to evaluate blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes expression, and histopathological changes in the mice kidney and liver.

The obtained results showed remarkably improved anti-diabetic, hepato-renal-protective, and oxidative stress indexes of DMF in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (P< 0.001). Treated mice with DMF demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic group (P< 0.001). Diabetic liver and kidney tissues showed marked dilation of bile ducts, tubules, infiltration, and inflammation. On the contrary, the histological features of the treated mice with DMF improve as shown by normal size of glomerular capillaries along with decrease in less dilatation of ducts in comparison with diabetic mice. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicated that DMF injection decreased the alloxan-induced increase of significant elevations in mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in both kidney and liver tissues. Meanwhile, mice treated with DMF showed an increase in Sirt1 and Nrf2 expression in comparison to diabetic group.

In conclusion, it can be concluded that DMF treatment provides hepato-renal protective effects on alloxan-induced diabetic mice model by attenuating ROS inflammatory pathways.